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Chen Lim
Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Chemical pollution in the transboundary Langat River in Malaysia is common both from point and non-point sources. Therefore, the water treatment plants (WTPS) at the Langat River Basin have experienced frequent shutdown incidents. However, the Langat River is one of the main sources of drinking water to almost one-third of the population in Selangor state. Meanwhile, several studies have reported a high concentration of Arsenic (As) in the Langat River that is toxic if ingested via drinking water. However, this is a pioneer study that predicts the As concentration in the Langat River based on time-series data from 2005–2014 to estimate the health risk associated with As ingestion via drinking water at the Langat River Basin. Several time-series prediction models were tested and Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) gained the best result. This GBT model also fits better to predict the As concentration until December 2024. The mean concentration of As in the Langat River for both 2014 and 2024, as well as the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of As ingestion via drinking water, were within the drinking water quality standards proposed by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health Malaysia. However, the ingestion of trace amounts of As over a long period might be detrimental to human health because of its non-biodegradable characteristics. Therefore, it is important to manage the drinking water sources to minimise As exposure risks to human health.

ACS Style

Minhaz Ahmed; Chen Lim; Mazlin Mokhtar; Rd. Khirotdin. Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7997 .

AMA Style

Minhaz Ahmed, Chen Lim, Mazlin Mokhtar, Rd. Khirotdin. Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7997.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minhaz Ahmed; Chen Lim; Mazlin Mokhtar; Rd. Khirotdin. 2021. "Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7997.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Agenda 2030 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11 recognizes tourism as one of the central industries to global development to tackle global challenges. With the transformation of information and communication technologies (ICT), e-tourism has evolved globally to establish commercial relationships using the Internet for offering tourism-related products, including giving personalised suggestions. The contextual suggestion has emerged as a modified recommendation system that is integrated with information-retrieval techniques within large databases to provide tourists with a list of suggestions based on contexts, such as location, time of day, or day of the week (weekdays or weekends). This study surveyed literature in the field of contextual suggestion and recommendation systems with a focus on e-tourism. The concerns linked with approaches used in contextual suggestion and recommendation systems are highlighted in this systematic review, while motivations, recommendations, and practical implications in e-tourism are also discussed in this paper. A query search using the keywords “contextual suggestion system”, “recommendation system”, and “tourism” identified 143 relevant articles published from 2012 to 2020. Four major repositories are considered for searching, namely, (i) Science Direct, (ii) Scopus, (iii) IEEE, and (iv) Web of Science. This review was carried out under the protocols of four phases, namely, (i) query searching in major article repositories, (ii) removal of duplicates, (iii) scan of title and abstract, and (iv) complete reading of articles. To identify the gaps in current research, a taxonomy analysis was exemplified into categories and subcategories. The main categories were highlighted as (i) review articles, (ii) model/framework, and (iii) applications. Critical analysis was carried out on the basis of the available literature on the limitations of approaches used in contextual suggestion and recommendation systems. In conclusion, the approaches used are mainly based on content-based filtering, collaborative filtering, preference-based product ranking, and language modelling. The evaluation measures for the contextual suggestion system include precision, normalized discounted cumulative, and mean reciprocal rank, while test collections comprise Internet resources. Given that the tourism industry contributed to the environmental and social-economic development, contextual suggestion and recommendation systems have presented themselves to be relevant in integrating and achieving SDG 9 and SDG 11 in many ways such as web-based e-services by the government sector and smart gadgets based on reliable and real-time data and information for city planners as well as law enforcement personnel in a sustainable city.

ACS Style

Haseeb Rehman Khan; Chen Lim; Minhaz Ahmed; Kian Tan; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. Systematic Review of Contextual Suggestion and Recommendation Systems for Sustainable e-Tourism. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8141 .

AMA Style

Haseeb Rehman Khan, Chen Lim, Minhaz Ahmed, Kian Tan, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. Systematic Review of Contextual Suggestion and Recommendation Systems for Sustainable e-Tourism. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haseeb Rehman Khan; Chen Lim; Minhaz Ahmed; Kian Tan; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. 2021. "Systematic Review of Contextual Suggestion and Recommendation Systems for Sustainable e-Tourism." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8141.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Electronics
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In recent years, virtual reality (VR) is at its maturity level for real practical exercises amongst many fields of studies, especially in the virtual walkthrough exploration system of cultural heritage (CH). However, this study remains scattered and limited. This work presents a systematic review that maps out the usability and accessibility issues that are challenging in using VR in CH. We identified 45 challenges that are mapped into five problem groups: system design, development process, technology, assessment process and knowledge transfer. This mapping is then used to propose 58 recommendations to improve the usability and accessibility of VR in CH that are categorized in three different recommendation groups namely, discovery and planning, design and development, and finally the assessment factors. This analysis identified the persistence in certain accessibility and usability problems such as there is a limit in navigating the view and space that constraint the users’ free movement and the navigation control is not ideal with the keyboard arrow button. This work is important because it provides an overview of usability and accessibility based challenges that are faced in applying, developing, deploying and assessing VR in the usage of digitalizing CH and proposed a great number of constructive recommendations to guide future studies. The main contribution of this paper is the mapping of usability and accessibility challenges into categories and the development of recommendations based on the identified problems.

ACS Style

Hwei Chong; Chen Lim; Minhaz Ahmed; Kian Tan; Mazlin Mokhtar. Virtual Reality Usability and Accessibility for Cultural Heritage Practices: Challenges Mapping and Recommendations. Electronics 2021, 10, 1430 .

AMA Style

Hwei Chong, Chen Lim, Minhaz Ahmed, Kian Tan, Mazlin Mokhtar. Virtual Reality Usability and Accessibility for Cultural Heritage Practices: Challenges Mapping and Recommendations. Electronics. 2021; 10 (12):1430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hwei Chong; Chen Lim; Minhaz Ahmed; Kian Tan; Mazlin Mokhtar. 2021. "Virtual Reality Usability and Accessibility for Cultural Heritage Practices: Challenges Mapping and Recommendations." Electronics 10, no. 12: 1430.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Sustainability
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This qualitative study describes the procedures undertaken to explore the Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH) preservation, especially focusing on the inhabitants’ garments of different ethnic groups in Weld Quay, Penang, which was a multi-cultural trading port during the 19th century in Malaysia. Social life and occupational activities of the different ethnic groups formed the two main spines of how different the inhabitants’ garments would be. This study developed and demonstrated a step-by-step conceptual framework of narrative analysis. Therefore, the procedures used in this study are adequate to serve as a guide for novice researchers who are interested in undertaking a narrative analysis study. Hence, the investigation of the material culture has been exemplified by proposing a novel conceptual framework of narrative analysis. This collaborative method has been utilized to ascertain the narrative data collected from an interview with visual and semiotic analysis. The information derived from the narrative interview is about the materials, colors, and elements of the garments of different ethnic groups (i.e., the Chinese, Indian, Malay and British). This collaborative process provides much valuable contextual and historical information to the researcher, as the interpretation and implicit understandings that underlie the stories people tell are beneficial in preserving and safeguarding this ICH. Therefore, this narrative study validates that the inhabitant’s garments are a means of intangible culture heritage (ICH) preservation and suggests guidance about how to conduct narrative analysis for mining historical data in a more explicit manner.

ACS Style

Chen Lim; Minhaz Ahmed; Mazlin Mokhtar; Kian Tan; Muhammad Idris; Yi Chan. Understanding Intangible Culture Heritage Preservation via Analyzing Inhabitants’ Garments of Early 19th Century in Weld Quay, Malaysia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5393 .

AMA Style

Chen Lim, Minhaz Ahmed, Mazlin Mokhtar, Kian Tan, Muhammad Idris, Yi Chan. Understanding Intangible Culture Heritage Preservation via Analyzing Inhabitants’ Garments of Early 19th Century in Weld Quay, Malaysia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Lim; Minhaz Ahmed; Mazlin Mokhtar; Kian Tan; Muhammad Idris; Yi Chan. 2021. "Understanding Intangible Culture Heritage Preservation via Analyzing Inhabitants’ Garments of Early 19th Century in Weld Quay, Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5393.

Article
Published: 12 July 2019 in Multimedia Tools and Applications
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One of the heritages can be denoting to the values of human activity in the past and its cultural oral narratives. To virtualize these heritages, it means to actualize the heritage into the digital content. When attempting to understand a particular cultural heritage site, the challenge here is that the connection to the past is non-existence due to insufficient historical information of the heritage sites. On the other hand, crowd simulation has been widely applied for the purpose of construction and reconstruction of tangible and intangible digital heritage. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to bring past life into digital cultural heritage and it would need the inclusions of the visual information of the surroundings and the people in the past. This paper also investigates the phase-by-phase methodology to deal with crowd simulation of different ethnic groups with heterogeneous behaviors in digital cultural heritage. The crowd is modeled and simulated based on the classical particle-based boid algorithm in virtual heritage environment that includes social behaviors of heterogeneous crowd transpired in an old trading port. With respect to bringing the past life into digital cultural heritage, microscopic based crowd simulation is applied to the complex case such as a multi-ethnic trading port, involving distinguished behavioral patterns through a heterogeneous crowd simulation method. In the simulation, a high-level control method, hierarchical state-machine and group formation model are introduced through inter-ethnic interactions formalism. The results of the assessment and validation have shown that the proposed schemes, models and methods have successfully been deployed in George Town, Malaysia through the proposed methodology. Such a simulation can be beneficial for virtual walkthrough and virtual museum applications. Through several investigations, the advantages of applying this approach in simulating the digital George Town are demonstrated as well as its potential for future developments are identified.

ACS Style

C. K. Lim; K. L. Tan; A. A. Zaidan; B. B. Zaidan. A proposed methodology of bringing past life in digital cultural heritage through crowd simulation: a case study in George Town, Malaysia. Multimedia Tools and Applications 2019, 79, 3387 -3423.

AMA Style

C. K. Lim, K. L. Tan, A. A. Zaidan, B. B. Zaidan. A proposed methodology of bringing past life in digital cultural heritage through crowd simulation: a case study in George Town, Malaysia. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2019; 79 (5-6):3387-3423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. K. Lim; K. L. Tan; A. A. Zaidan; B. B. Zaidan. 2019. "A proposed methodology of bringing past life in digital cultural heritage through crowd simulation: a case study in George Town, Malaysia." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 5-6: 3387-3423.

Review
Published: 08 November 2018 in International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)
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Mobile phones are increasingly used in health systems in developing countries, and innovative technology solutions have great potential to overcome barriers of access to maternal health care. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to ascertain what evidence exists for the effectiveness of mobile applications to decrease prenatal mortality through behavioural modification in developing countries. The study is essential in examining and illuminating certain aspects of the usage of mobile applications to improve prenatal care in developing areas and would, therefore, open up immense possibilities for prenatal care applications to improve essential precautional maternal services and in turn possibly lower the mortality rate in developing countries. Database searches and an intensive screening process were conducted before reviewing the full text of 34 articles and finally, nine articles that met all the inclusion criteria were selected. The study found that most of the included studies utilised text message suggestions to impact persistent conduct change in patients and all led in African nations. The review concluded that every one of the written reports appeared at any rate to show some proof of viability at changing conduct to decrease prenatal mortality. The policy infrastructure for funding, coordinating and guiding the sustainable adoption of precautional maternal services remains under-developed and that the integration of mobile health for prenatal health services has demonstrated positive outcomes.

ACS Style

Chen Kim Lim; Kian Lam Tan; Martin Shafiihuna Haufiku. Using Mobile Application Intercessions to Decrease Prenatal Mortality in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 2018, 12, 164 -173.

AMA Style

Chen Kim Lim, Kian Lam Tan, Martin Shafiihuna Haufiku. Using Mobile Application Intercessions to Decrease Prenatal Mortality in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM). 2018; 12 (7):164-173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Kim Lim; Kian Lam Tan; Martin Shafiihuna Haufiku. 2018. "Using Mobile Application Intercessions to Decrease Prenatal Mortality in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 7: 164-173.