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When a distance relay protects a transmission line located on a dual circuit tower, a coupling effect will occur between the two circuits. Transposition of the circuits can reduce the mutual impedances, but this does not cater to the zero-sequence mutual coupling impedance during earth faults. As a result, the impedance measured by a distance relay under phase-to-earth fault conditions in these circumstances will not represent the correct impedance to the fault point unless these effects are taken into account. On multi-circuit lines, primarily if they operate in parallel, a zero-sequence mutual coupling should be considered when calculating settings for distance protection function. A 220 kV parallel line sharing the same tower was analysed using DigSilent Power Factory in the simulations. Phase-to-earth faults in different configurations were analysed on this system, and the reach of the protection relay was then estimated for operation. The results confirm how a protection relay can overreach and underreach in a distance protection scheme due to the influence of mutual coupling.
Michael O Donovan; Noel Barry; Joe Connell; Eoin Cowhey. Mutual Coupling Compensation Techniques Used for Distance Protection of Parallel Lines. Energies 2021, 14, 1982 .
AMA StyleMichael O Donovan, Noel Barry, Joe Connell, Eoin Cowhey. Mutual Coupling Compensation Techniques Used for Distance Protection of Parallel Lines. Energies. 2021; 14 (7):1982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael O Donovan; Noel Barry; Joe Connell; Eoin Cowhey. 2021. "Mutual Coupling Compensation Techniques Used for Distance Protection of Parallel Lines." Energies 14, no. 7: 1982.
In this paper, a novel distributed Kalman filter (KF) algorithm along with a distributed model predictive control (MPC) scheme for large-scale multi-rate systems is proposed. The decomposed multi-rate system consists of smaller subsystems with linear dynamics that are coupled via states. These subsystems are multi-rate systems in the sense that either output measurements or input updates are not available at certain sampling times. Such systems can arise, e.g., when the number of sensors is smaller than the number of variables to be controlled, or when measurements of outputs cannot be completed simultaneously because of practical limitations. The multi-rate nature gives rise to lack of information, which will cause uncertainty in the system's performance. To circumvent this problem, we propose a distributed KF-based MPC scheme, in which multiple control and estimation agents each determine actions for their own parts of the system. Via communication, the agents can in a cooperative way take one another's actions into account. The main task of the proposed distributed KF is to compensate for the information loss due to the multi-rate nature of the systems by providing optimal estimation of the missing information. A demanding two-area power network example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Samira Roshany-Yamchi; Marcin Cychowski; Rudy R. Negenborn; Bart De Schutter; Kieran Delaney; Joe Connell. Kalman Filter-Based Distributed Predictive Control of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems: Application to Power Networks. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 2011, 21, 27 -39.
AMA StyleSamira Roshany-Yamchi, Marcin Cychowski, Rudy R. Negenborn, Bart De Schutter, Kieran Delaney, Joe Connell. Kalman Filter-Based Distributed Predictive Control of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems: Application to Power Networks. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. 2011; 21 (1):27-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamira Roshany-Yamchi; Marcin Cychowski; Rudy R. Negenborn; Bart De Schutter; Kieran Delaney; Joe Connell. 2011. "Kalman Filter-Based Distributed Predictive Control of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems: Application to Power Networks." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 21, no. 1: 27-39.
In this paper, we propose a new method for control of large-scale multi-rate systems with linear dynamics that are coupled via inputs. These systems are multi-rate systems in the sense that either output measurements or input updates are not available at certain sampling times. Such systems can arise, e.g., when the number of sensors is less than the number of variables to be controlled, or when measurements of outputs cannot be completed simultaneously because of applicational limitations. The multi-rate nature gives rise to lack of information, which will cause uncertainty in the system's performance. A distributed model predictive control (MPC) approach based on Nash game theory is proposed to control multi-agent multi-rate systems in which multiple control agents each determine actions for their own parts of the system. Via communication, the agents can in a cooperative way take one another's actions into account. To compensate for the information loss due to the multi-rate nature of the systems under study, a distributed Kalman Filter is proposed to provide the optimal estimation of the missing information. Using simulation studies on a distillation column the added value of the proposed distributed MPC and Kalman Filter method is illustrated in comparison with a centralized MPC with centralized Kalman Filter, and a distributed MPC method with a fully decentralized (i.e., no communication) Kalman Filter.
Samira Roshany-Yamchi; Rudy R. Negenborn; Marcin Cychowski; Bart De Schutter; Joe Connell; Kieran Delaney. Distributed Model Predictive Control and Estimation of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011, 44, 416 -422.
AMA StyleSamira Roshany-Yamchi, Rudy R. Negenborn, Marcin Cychowski, Bart De Schutter, Joe Connell, Kieran Delaney. Distributed Model Predictive Control and Estimation of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2011; 44 (1):416-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamira Roshany-Yamchi; Rudy R. Negenborn; Marcin Cychowski; Bart De Schutter; Joe Connell; Kieran Delaney. 2011. "Distributed Model Predictive Control and Estimation of Large-Scale Multi-Rate Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1: 416-422.