This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is considered a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity. However, little is known about its association with granzyme B, which plays an important role in the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In the present study, we collected blood samples from 32 healthy adults before and after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine in 2017/18 to measure the levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, which play roles in cell-mediated immunity, and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody, which plays a role in humoral immunity. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B were significantly correlated both before and after vaccination. Furthermore, the post-vaccine fold increases in the IFN-γ and granzyme B levels were significantly correlated. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B decreased five months after vaccination in more than half of the subjects who exhibited an increase in IFN-γ and granzyme B at two weeks post-vaccination. This is the first study to investigate the correlation between IFN-γ and granzyme B levels following influenza vaccination. Our study suggests that both IFN-γ and granzyme B can be used as markers of cell-mediated immunity.
Naruhito Otani; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Kaori Ishikawa; Kaoru Ichiki; Takashi Ueda; Yoshio Takesue; Takuma Yamamoto; Susumu Tanimura; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination. Viruses 2021, 13, 1137 .
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Kaori Ishikawa, Kaoru Ichiki, Takashi Ueda, Yoshio Takesue, Takuma Yamamoto, Susumu Tanimura, Masayuki Shima, Toshiomi Okuno. Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Kaori Ishikawa; Kaoru Ichiki; Takashi Ueda; Yoshio Takesue; Takuma Yamamoto; Susumu Tanimura; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. 2021. "Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1137.
IntroductionAntibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus include the fluorescent-antibody-to-membrane-antigen (FAMA) assay, immune adherence hemagglutination assay (IAHA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA). Although FAMA and gpELISA are highly sensitive, FAMA is not available commercially. Therefore, this study was performed to compare potential high-sensitivity tests with commercially available tests.MethodsFour antibody tests, FAMA, gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA, were performed using sera collected from 32 children aged 7 months–10 years. Using FAMA as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA were assessed. Subsequently, using gpELISA as a reference, the positive agreement rate of EIA and IAHA was assessed.ResultsOn a reference scale with FAMA set at 100%, the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody tests were as follows: gpELISA, 67% and 100%; EIA, 67% and 100%; and IAHA, 47% and 100%, respectively. The positive agreement rates of EIA and IAHA relative to gpELISA were 86% and 64%, respectively.Conclusions: gpELISA had a lower positive rate than did FAMA, and showed comparable sensitivity to that of EIA.
Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Susumu Tanimura; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Kenta Honjo; Toshiomi Okuno. Sensitivity and specificity of different antibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2020, 26, 1 .
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Masayuki Shima, Susumu Tanimura, Takashi Ueda, Kaoru Ichiki, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Yoshio Takesue, Kenta Honjo, Toshiomi Okuno. Sensitivity and specificity of different antibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 2020; 26 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Susumu Tanimura; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Kenta Honjo; Toshiomi Okuno. 2020. "Sensitivity and specificity of different antibody tests for detecting varicella-zoster virus." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 26, no. 12: 1.
Air purifiers have become popular among ordinary families. However, it remains controversial whether indoor air purification improves the respiratory health of healthy adults. A randomized crossover intervention study was conducted with 32 healthy individuals. The subjects were categorized into two groups. One group continuously used true air purifiers, and the other followed with sham air purifiers for 4 weeks. Following this first intervention, all the subjects underwent a 4-week washout period and continued with the second 4-week intervention with the alternate air purifiers. We collected fine particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10–2.5) and ozone (O3). The subjects’ pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured during the study period. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 11% with the true air purifiers compared to those with sham air purifiers. However, this decrease was not significant (p = 0.08). The air purification did not significantly improve the pulmonary function of the study subjects. In contrast, an increase in the indoor PM10–2.5 and O3 concentration led to a significant decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), respectively. In conclusion, air purification slightly improved the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in ordinary homes but had no demonstrable impact on improving health.
Yoshiko Yoda; Kenji Tamura; Sho Adachi; Naruhito Otani; Shoji F. Nakayama; Masayuki Shima. Effects of the Use of Air Purifier on Indoor Environment and Respiratory System among Healthy Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3687 .
AMA StyleYoshiko Yoda, Kenji Tamura, Sho Adachi, Naruhito Otani, Shoji F. Nakayama, Masayuki Shima. Effects of the Use of Air Purifier on Indoor Environment and Respiratory System among Healthy Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshiko Yoda; Kenji Tamura; Sho Adachi; Naruhito Otani; Shoji F. Nakayama; Masayuki Shima. 2020. "Effects of the Use of Air Purifier on Indoor Environment and Respiratory System among Healthy Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3687.
Assessment of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) may be critical to evaluating the ability of individuals to protect themselves against influenza virus infection. However, it has been difficult to evaluate CMI because no simple means of measuring it is currently available. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a CMI measurement method developed by us, which involves reacting whole blood with antigen, with the conventional method, which is based on isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Correlations between these methods before and after vaccination of 26 healthy adults (aged 28–58 years; 12 men and 14 women) were assessed and changes in CMI after influenza vaccination in PBMCs cultured with antigen for 48 and 96 hr and whole blood cultured with antigen for 48 hr were studied. Results of CMI measurement using whole blood on Day 2 and PBMCs on Day 4 were found to be correlated. Spearman's correlation coefficients with four antigens (A [H1N1], A [H3N2], B [Yamagata lineage], and B [Victoria lineage]) before vaccination were 0.55, 0.61, 0.58, and 0.70, respectively and 0.40, 0.45, 0.62, and 0.52, respectively, after vaccination. CMI was detected sooner when whole blood was reacted with antigen than when PBMCs were reacted with antigen. The rate of positive reaction of influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) in whole blood on Day 2 was higher than that in PBMCs on Day 2. Our method is simple and may be useful for vaccine development because it can measure CMI in a small amount of blood without separating off PBMCs.
Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Toshiomi Okuno. Evaluation of influenza vaccine‐induced cell‐mediated immunity: Comparison between methods using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood. Microbiology and Immunology 2019, 63, 223 -228.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Masayuki Shima, Takashi Ueda, Kaoru Ichiki, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Yoshio Takesue, Toshiomi Okuno. Evaluation of influenza vaccine‐induced cell‐mediated immunity: Comparison between methods using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood. Microbiology and Immunology. 2019; 63 (6):223-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Toshiomi Okuno. 2019. "Evaluation of influenza vaccine‐induced cell‐mediated immunity: Comparison between methods using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood." Microbiology and Immunology 63, no. 6: 223-228.
Despite established guidelines for population-level assessments of immunity after vaccination, standard methods for individual-level analyses have not been established, limiting the ability to optimize vaccination strategies within a particular season. In this study, we evaluated changes in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with respect to the number of influenza vaccine doses. In particular, the influenza vaccine was administered to 21 adults during the 2015–2016 season. IFN-γ production induced by the influenza vaccine antigens [A (H1N1), A (H3N2), B (Yamagata lineage), and B (Victoria lineage)] increased after the first dose of vaccination in 11, 10, 10, and 11 subjects, respectively. In 5 of 10 (H1N1), 4 of 10 (H3N2), 3 of 9 (Yamagata lineage), and 3 of 8 (Victoria lineage) subjects who did not exhibit an increase in IFN-γ production after the first dose, CMI was enhanced after the second dose. The production of IFN-γ increased after the first or second dose of the vaccine in 16, 14, 13, and 14 of the 21 subjects, respectively. The results of this study showed that two doses of the influenza vaccine effectively enhance CMI in subjects with primary vaccine failure.
Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Kenta Honjo; Natsuko Yoshida; Sayo Kawata; Toshiomi Okuno. Relationship between the frequency of influenza vaccination and cell-mediated immunity. Journal of Immunological Methods 2018, 458, 58 -62.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Masayuki Shima, Takashi Ueda, Kaoru Ichiki, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Yoshio Takesue, Kenta Honjo, Natsuko Yoshida, Sayo Kawata, Toshiomi Okuno. Relationship between the frequency of influenza vaccination and cell-mediated immunity. Journal of Immunological Methods. 2018; 458 ():58-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Kenta Honjo; Natsuko Yoshida; Sayo Kawata; Toshiomi Okuno. 2018. "Relationship between the frequency of influenza vaccination and cell-mediated immunity." Journal of Immunological Methods 458, no. : 58-62.
The immunological effect of influenza vaccines cannot be evaluated accurately using an antibody titer. Therefore, we used a new method that measures cell-mediated immunity to investigate changes in the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) produced after vaccination in response to the vaccine antigen. The study was conducted during the 2014-2015 influenza season in 23 adults, using a vaccine that contained three types of antigen. The IFN-γ level increased by at least 1.5 times in 65% (15/23) of cases in response to the H1N1 antigen, in 57% (13/23) of cases in response to the H3N2 antigen, and in 57% (13/23) of cases in response to the B antigen. During the study period, 4 subjects developed type A influenza. Our data showed that the IFN-γ level did not increase by 1.5 times in these subjects. We propose that the efficacy of influenza vaccines may be evaluated by measuring changes in the level of IFN-γ produced in response to influenza vaccine.
Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Toshiomi Okuno. Evaluation of influenza vaccine-immunogenicity in cell-mediated immunity. Cellular Immunology 2016, 310, 165 -169.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Masayuki Shima, Takashi Ueda, Kaoru Ichiki, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Yoshio Takesue, Toshiomi Okuno. Evaluation of influenza vaccine-immunogenicity in cell-mediated immunity. Cellular Immunology. 2016; 310 ():165-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Takashi Ueda; Kaoru Ichiki; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Toshiomi Okuno. 2016. "Evaluation of influenza vaccine-immunogenicity in cell-mediated immunity." Cellular Immunology 310, no. : 165-169.
Antibody tests for the varicella zoster virus (VZV) include neutralization, fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA), immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA), and complement fixation (CF) tests. Of these, FAMA is considered the most sensitive. However, in Japan, the EIA method is most frequently employed. The VZV antibody detection rate of the FAMA, EIA, gpELISA, and IAHA methods was compared. Four types of antibody tests were conducted with sera collected from 83 college students. The relationships between two antibody tests were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficients. All 83 subjects were observed to be VZV antibody-positive using the FAMA method. The Pearson correlation coefficients of gpELISA, EIA, and IAHA relative to FAMA were 0.808, 0.782, and 0.356, respectively. The positive agreement rate of IAHA relative to FAMA was 88.0% (73/83), whereas those of gpELISA and EIA were both 97.6% (81/83). Furthermore, EIA showed 100% positive agreement with gpELISA and a high correlation coefficient of 0.911, whereas these values for IAHA compared to gpELISA were much lower (90.1% and 0.530). The calculated Pearson correlation coefficient for comparison of the EIA and IAHA methods was 0.498, with a positive agreement rate of 90.1% (73/81). The EIA method should be employed in Japan based on the similarity of the positivity between EIA and gpELISA, as it is more available and practical than gpELISA.
Naruhito Otani; Miyuki Tanaka; Kazuhiro Maeda; Yasuyuki Gomi; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Susumu Tanimura; Yoshio Takesue; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. Varicella zoster virus antibody detection: A comparison of four commonly used techniques. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2016, 22, 225 -228.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Miyuki Tanaka, Kazuhiro Maeda, Yasuyuki Gomi, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Susumu Tanimura, Yoshio Takesue, Masayuki Shima, Toshiomi Okuno. Varicella zoster virus antibody detection: A comparison of four commonly used techniques. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 2016; 22 (4):225-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Miyuki Tanaka; Kazuhiro Maeda; Yasuyuki Gomi; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Susumu Tanimura; Yoshio Takesue; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. 2016. "Varicella zoster virus antibody detection: A comparison of four commonly used techniques." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 22, no. 4: 225-228.
Yoshiko Yoda; Hiroshi Takagi; Junko Wakamatu; Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima. [Short-term effects of air pollutants on pulmonary function in adolescent with a history of asthma or allergies]. Arerugi 2015, 64, 1 .
AMA StyleYoshiko Yoda, Hiroshi Takagi, Junko Wakamatu, Naruhito Otani, Masayuki Shima. [Short-term effects of air pollutants on pulmonary function in adolescent with a history of asthma or allergies]. Arerugi. 2015; 64 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshiko Yoda; Hiroshi Takagi; Junko Wakamatu; Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima. 2015. "[Short-term effects of air pollutants on pulmonary function in adolescent with a history of asthma or allergies]." Arerugi 64, no. 2: 1.
Because methods for measuring cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to the mumps virus are expensive, time-consuming, and technically demanding, the role of CMI in mumps virus infection remains unclear. To address this issue, we report here the development of a simplified method for measuring mumps virus-specific CMI that is suitable for use in diverse laboratory and clinical settings. A mumps vaccine was cultured with whole blood, and interferon (IFN)-γ released into the culture supernatant was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IFN-γ production in blood from vaccinated subjects markedly increased in response to the vaccine and decreased before the antibody titer decreased in some cases, suggesting that this assay may be used as a simple surrogate method for measuring CMI specific for the mumps virus.
Naruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Toshiomi Okuno. Development of a simplified and convenient assay for cell-mediated immunity to the mumps virus. Journal of Immunological Methods 2014, 411, 50 -54.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Masayuki Shima, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Yoshio Takesue, Toshiomi Okuno. Development of a simplified and convenient assay for cell-mediated immunity to the mumps virus. Journal of Immunological Methods. 2014; 411 ():50-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Masayuki Shima; Kazuhiko Nakajima; Yoshio Takesue; Toshiomi Okuno. 2014. "Development of a simplified and convenient assay for cell-mediated immunity to the mumps virus." Journal of Immunological Methods 411, no. : 50-54.
The development of herpes zoster is associated with reduced varicella zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immune (CMI) reactions. In this study, VZV‐specific CMI reactions in 42 anti‐VZV‐IgG antibody‐positive adults infected with HIV‐1 were evaluated by measuring the IFN‐γ production levels in whole blood in response to stimulation with ultraviolet light‐inactivated live attenuated VZV vaccine. The median VZV‐specific IFN‐γ production level in all patients was 63 pg/ml. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve patients with an AIDS‐defining illness (HIV classification category C) had significantly lower IFN‐γ production than ART‐naïve patients in categories A and B and patients receiving ART (P = 0.0194 and P = 0.0046, respectively). IFN‐γ production increased significantly in patients within 1 month of the onset of recurrent VZV disease and at more than 1 year from onset, compared with patients who had never had recurrent VZV disease (P = 0.0396 and P = 0.0484, respectively). In multivariate analyses, category C and history of recurrent VZV disease were significant factors affecting IFN‐γ production. Levels of IFN‐γ were measured before and after ART in seven ART‐naïve patients with no history of recurrent VZV disease, and no significant changes were observed. The results indicate that VZV‐specific CMI reactions were reduced in patients with an AIDS‐defining illness and enhanced in patients with a history of recurrent VZV disease, but not enhanced by ART alone. Vaccination may be necessary to inhibit the development of herpes zoster in patients receiving ART; this IFN‐γ releasing assay is one useful method for evaluating VZV‐specific CMI reactions in clinical settings. J. Med. Virol. 85:1313–1320, 2013.
Dai Watanabe; Naruhito Otani; Sachiko Suzuki; Hiromi Dohi; Kazuyuki Hirota; Hitoshi Yonemoto; Yusuke Koizumi; Hiroshi Otera; Keishiro Yajima; Yasuharu Nishida; Tomoko Uehira; Masayuki Shima; Takuma Shirasaka; Toshiomi Okuno. Evaluation of VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity in adults infected with HIV-1 by using a simple IFN-γ release assay. Journal of Medical Virology 2013, 85, 1313 -1320.
AMA StyleDai Watanabe, Naruhito Otani, Sachiko Suzuki, Hiromi Dohi, Kazuyuki Hirota, Hitoshi Yonemoto, Yusuke Koizumi, Hiroshi Otera, Keishiro Yajima, Yasuharu Nishida, Tomoko Uehira, Masayuki Shima, Takuma Shirasaka, Toshiomi Okuno. Evaluation of VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity in adults infected with HIV-1 by using a simple IFN-γ release assay. Journal of Medical Virology. 2013; 85 (8):1313-1320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDai Watanabe; Naruhito Otani; Sachiko Suzuki; Hiromi Dohi; Kazuyuki Hirota; Hitoshi Yonemoto; Yusuke Koizumi; Hiroshi Otera; Keishiro Yajima; Yasuharu Nishida; Tomoko Uehira; Masayuki Shima; Takuma Shirasaka; Toshiomi Okuno. 2013. "Evaluation of VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity in adults infected with HIV-1 by using a simple IFN-γ release assay." Journal of Medical Virology 85, no. 8: 1313-1320.
The measurement of fractional concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO) is valuable for the assessment of airway inflammation. Offline measurement of FeNO has been used in some epidemiologic studies. However, the time course of the changes in FeNO after collection has not been fully clarified. In this study, the effects of storage conditions on the stability of FeNO measurement in exhaled air after collection for epidemiologic research were examined.
Yoshiko Yoda; Naruhito Otani; Hideki Hasunuma; Hiroshi Kanegae; Masayuki Shima. Storage conditions for stability of offline measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide after collection for epidemiologic research. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2012, 12, 68 -68.
AMA StyleYoshiko Yoda, Naruhito Otani, Hideki Hasunuma, Hiroshi Kanegae, Masayuki Shima. Storage conditions for stability of offline measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide after collection for epidemiologic research. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2012; 12 (1):68-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshiko Yoda; Naruhito Otani; Hideki Hasunuma; Hiroshi Kanegae; Masayuki Shima. 2012. "Storage conditions for stability of offline measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide after collection for epidemiologic research." BMC Pulmonary Medicine 12, no. 1: 68-68.
Though cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is critical for prevention of the onset of herpes zoster (HZ), clinicians currently lack a simplified procedure to monitor CMI. We have recently developed an assay, called the IFN-γ release assay, and showed that it is a simple and reliable method to determine VZV-specific CMI. In the present study, we applied an IR assay to measure the VZV-specific CMI of patients with HZ. VZV-specific CMI levels were significantly high at the onset of the disease, but were decreased several weeks later. In contrast, CMI VZV-specific antibody titers increased in convalescent phase compared to those in acute phase. Thus, this technology is likely to be very useful in monitoring ongoing VZV-specific immune status.
Naruhito Otani; Kiyofumi Yamanishi; Yoshiko Sakaguchi; Yasutomo Imai; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in subjects with herpes zoster. Journal of Immunological Methods 2012, 377, 53 -55.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Kiyofumi Yamanishi, Yoshiko Sakaguchi, Yasutomo Imai, Masayuki Shima, Toshiomi Okuno. Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in subjects with herpes zoster. Journal of Immunological Methods. 2012; 377 (1-2):53-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Kiyofumi Yamanishi; Yoshiko Sakaguchi; Yasutomo Imai; Masayuki Shima; Toshiomi Okuno. 2012. "Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in subjects with herpes zoster." Journal of Immunological Methods 377, no. 1-2: 53-55.
Herpes zoster is closely related to decreased varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity. We validated a new assay for measuring VZV-specific immunity. We cultured the whole blood of healthy subjects with live attenuated VZV vaccine. Cultured supernatants were harvested at 24-h intervals and assayed for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 48-h culture was suitable for estimating IFN-gamma release. IFN-gamma production was stable after standing for at least 4h at room temperature. IFN-gamma production was observed in whole blood from subjects with recent VZV infection, but not in blood from subjects naïve to the virus. Thus, the IFN-gamma release assay may be useful as a new surrogate assay for measuring VZV-specific immunity.
Naruhito Otani; Koichi Baba; Toshiomi Okuno. Interferon-γ release assay: A simple method for detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity. Journal of Immunological Methods 2009, 351, 71 -74.
AMA StyleNaruhito Otani, Koichi Baba, Toshiomi Okuno. Interferon-γ release assay: A simple method for detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity. Journal of Immunological Methods. 2009; 351 (1-2):71-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaruhito Otani; Koichi Baba; Toshiomi Okuno. 2009. "Interferon-γ release assay: A simple method for detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity." Journal of Immunological Methods 351, no. 1-2: 71-74.