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Guillermo Wiemeyer
Fundación Caburé-í, Sucre 2842, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina

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Journal article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Antibiotics
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The aim of the study was to investigate the intramuscular pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in black vultures (Coragyps atratus). The pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular dose (10 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin was studied in six vultures. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLCuv). Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental and compartmental analysis. After intramuscular administration, enrofloxacin showed a rapid and complete absorption, reaching a Cmax value of 3.26 ± 0.23 μg/mL at 1.75 ± 0.53 h. A long terminal half-life of 19.58 h has been observed. Using previously published MIC values to perform a PK/PD analysis, cumulative fraction responses obtained after Monte Carlo simulation for AUC/MIC > 30, 50 and 125 were 72.93%, 72.34% and 30.86% for E. coli and 89.29%, 88.89% and 58.57% for Mycoplasma synoviae, respectively. Cumulative fraction responses obtained for Cmax/MIC index were 33.93% and 40.18% for E. coli and M. synoviae, respectively. The intramuscular administration of 10 mg/kg could be appropriate to treat infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria with MIC value lower than 1 µg/mL; however, although enrofloxacin showed a slow elimination in black vultures, plasma concentrations were insufficient to reach the gram-negative stablished breakpoints.

ACS Style

Samanta Waxman; José de Lucas; Guillermo Wiemeyer; Laura Torres Bianchini; Manuel San Andrés; Casilda Rodríguez. Pharmacokinetic Behaviour of Enrofloxacin after Single Intramuscular Dosage in American Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus). Antibiotics 2021, 10, 957 .

AMA Style

Samanta Waxman, José de Lucas, Guillermo Wiemeyer, Laura Torres Bianchini, Manuel San Andrés, Casilda Rodríguez. Pharmacokinetic Behaviour of Enrofloxacin after Single Intramuscular Dosage in American Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus). Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (8):957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samanta Waxman; José de Lucas; Guillermo Wiemeyer; Laura Torres Bianchini; Manuel San Andrés; Casilda Rodríguez. 2021. "Pharmacokinetic Behaviour of Enrofloxacin after Single Intramuscular Dosage in American Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus)." Antibiotics 10, no. 8: 957.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Wild bird species have commonly been implicated as potential vectors of pathogens to other species, humans included. However, the habitat where birds live could influence the probability to acquire these pathogens. Here, we evaluated if the characteristics of the environment used by obligate scavenging birds (vultures) influence their colonization by zoonotic pathogens. For this, we particularly focused on Salmonella spp., a zoonotic pathogen commonly present in bird species. The occurrence of this bacteria was evaluated in free ranging Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) using natural environments from Argentina and compared with those obtained from condors under human care. In addition, we compared our results with those reported for other wild vultures using natural and anthropized environments at a global scale. We did not find Salmonella spp. in samples of wild condors. Captive condor samples presented Salmonella spp. with an occurrence of 2.8%, and one isolate of Meticilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, among other potential pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, some species of free ranging vultures from diverse geographical areas using anthropized environments tend to present higher occurrences of Salmonella spp. These results highlight the importance of pristine ecosystems to protect vultures’ health toward pathogenic microorganisms that can produce disease in these birds, but also in other species. We call for more studies evaluating differences in occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in vultures according to the quality of the environment they use. Even when vultures have not been implicated in zoonotic pathogen spread, our results add information to evaluate potential events of pathogen spillover between vultures and from these birds to other species.

ACS Style

Guillermo Wiemeyer; Pablo Plaza; Carla Bustos; Alejandra Muñoz; Sergio Lambertucci. Exposure to Anthropogenic Areas May Influence Colonization by Zoonotic Microorganisms in Scavenging Birds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5231 .

AMA Style

Guillermo Wiemeyer, Pablo Plaza, Carla Bustos, Alejandra Muñoz, Sergio Lambertucci. Exposure to Anthropogenic Areas May Influence Colonization by Zoonotic Microorganisms in Scavenging Birds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillermo Wiemeyer; Pablo Plaza; Carla Bustos; Alejandra Muñoz; Sergio Lambertucci. 2021. "Exposure to Anthropogenic Areas May Influence Colonization by Zoonotic Microorganisms in Scavenging Birds." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5231.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Environmental Pollution
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Wildlife lead exposure is an increasing conservation threat that is being widely investigated. However, for some areas of the world (e.g., South America) and certain species, research on this subject is still scarce or only local information is available. We analyzed the extent and intensity of lead exposure for a widely distributed threatened species, the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus). We conducted the study at two different scales: 1) sampling of birds received for rehabilitation or necropsy in Argentina, and 2) bibliographic review and extensive survey considering exposure event for the species' distribution in South America. Wild condors from Argentina (n = 76) presented high lead levels consistent with both recent and previous exposure (up to 104 μg/dL blood level, mean 15.47 ± 21.21 μg/dL and up to 148.20 ppm bone level, mean 23.08 ± 31.39 ppm). In contrast, captive bred individuals -not exposed to lead contamination- had much lower lead levels (mean blood level 5.63 ± 3.08 μg/dL, and mean bone level 2.76 ± 3.06 ppm). Condors were exposed to lead throughout their entire range in continental Argentina, which represents almost sixty percent (>4000 km) of their geographical distribution. We also present evidence of lead exposure events in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. Lead poisoning is a widespread major conservation threat for the Andean Condor, and probably other sympatric carnivores from South America. The high number and wide range of Andean Condors with lead values complement the results for the California Condor and other scavengers in North America suggesting lead poisoning is a continental threat. Urgent actions are needed to reduce this poison in the wild.

ACS Style

Guillermo M. Wiemeyer; Miguel A. Pérez; Laura Torres Bianchini; Luciano Sampietro; Guillermo F. Bravo; N. Luis Jácome; Vanesa Astore; Sergio Lambertucci. Repeated conservation threats across the Americas: High levels of blood and bone lead in the Andean Condor widen the problem to a continental scale. Environmental Pollution 2017, 220, 672 -679.

AMA Style

Guillermo M. Wiemeyer, Miguel A. Pérez, Laura Torres Bianchini, Luciano Sampietro, Guillermo F. Bravo, N. Luis Jácome, Vanesa Astore, Sergio Lambertucci. Repeated conservation threats across the Americas: High levels of blood and bone lead in the Andean Condor widen the problem to a continental scale. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 220 ():672-679.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillermo M. Wiemeyer; Miguel A. Pérez; Laura Torres Bianchini; Luciano Sampietro; Guillermo F. Bravo; N. Luis Jácome; Vanesa Astore; Sergio Lambertucci. 2017. "Repeated conservation threats across the Americas: High levels of blood and bone lead in the Andean Condor widen the problem to a continental scale." Environmental Pollution 220, no. : 672-679.