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Leigh Sparks is Deputy Principal (Education and Students) and Professor of Retail Studies at the Institute for Retail Studies, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling. Leigh is Chair of Scotland's Towns Partnership. Leigh was a member of the External Advisory Group on the Scottish Government’s Town Centre Review (2012–2013). His recent policy work has been as the Chair of the Review of the Town Centre Action Plan (2020–2021) for the Scottish Government on the invitation of the Cabinet Secretary. He was invited by Cabinet Secretaries to be a member of the Scottish Government’s Social Renewal Advisory Board (2020–2021) and is currently a member of the Government’s Ministerial Retail Strategy Steering Group. He is also a member of the Economic Impact and Price Expert Advisory Group on Minimum Unit Pricing of Alcohol for Public Health Scotland (2018–2023).
The “death of the high street” has become a common refrain, particularly in the United Kingdom, often accompanied by calls for action and demands for improved resilience in town centres and high streets. This paper considers the policy context for towns and town centres in Scotland and the recent review of the country’s approach to towns, town centres and places. With the adoption of National Outcomes linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the declaration of a Climate Emergency, the conclusion is drawn that a more fundamental and radical shift in policy is needed, if the resilience of town centres is to have any meaning, and that a clearer and more widely understood conceptualisation of resilience needs to be developed.
Leigh Sparks. Towns, High Streets and Resilience in Scotland: A Question for Policy? Sustainability 2021, 13, 5631 .
AMA StyleLeigh Sparks. Towns, High Streets and Resilience in Scotland: A Question for Policy? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeigh Sparks. 2021. "Towns, High Streets and Resilience in Scotland: A Question for Policy?" Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5631.
Technology, and particularly the internet, has transformed consumer and business behaviours. An ageing population is impacted by these contextual and operational changes. Understanding these impacts within an ageing population is important for businesses, organisations and individuals, and their e-commerce activities. Our study increases understanding about the online behaviour of older consumers. Our research question is: what is the impact of age and individual and household characteristics on the online behaviour of older consumers? This is important given the increasing assumption that all consumers are digitally enabled. We use data from the first wave of an innovative longitudinal study in Scotland (HAGIS – Healthy Ageing in Scotland) to explore ageing consumers and e-commerce activities. The United Kingdom (including Scotland) is the world's third largest e-commerce market, thus providing a suitable context. Our findings point to a shifting relationship between ageing consumers and e-commerce activities. Age is related to e-commerce activities but the ‘break-point’ for these activities is older than normally identified in academic and business practice. Sex is not a differentiator of activity but marital status is. Age and the contextual situation impact e-commerce, and have implications for access and capability, and link to questions over isolation. Important issues are raised for business and organisational practice, around service and other delivery for older people.
Maria Rybaczewska; Leigh Sparks. Ageing consumers and e-commerce activities. Ageing and Society 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleMaria Rybaczewska, Leigh Sparks. Ageing consumers and e-commerce activities. Ageing and Society. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Rybaczewska; Leigh Sparks. 2021. "Ageing consumers and e-commerce activities." Ageing and Society , no. : 1-20.
Concern for the future of town centres and their retail cores, the ‘high street’, is not new. Responses to this have often been somewhat one dimensional, focusing on their role as places of consumption, employment, leisure and heritage. We consider the potential multiple roles of older people in helping revive and rejuvenate town centres given the centrality of place for healthy supportive living, community and social participation and ‘ageing in place’. Taking an environmental gerontology perspective, we ask whether the WHO age friendly cities/communities’ framework should be considered further in approaches to reviving town centres in a post-Covid-19 world.
Judith Phillips; Nigel Walford; Ann Hockey; Leigh Sparks. Older People, Town Centres and the Revival of the ‘High Street’. Planning Theory & Practice 2021, 22, 11 -26.
AMA StyleJudith Phillips, Nigel Walford, Ann Hockey, Leigh Sparks. Older People, Town Centres and the Revival of the ‘High Street’. Planning Theory & Practice. 2021; 22 (1):11-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJudith Phillips; Nigel Walford; Ann Hockey; Leigh Sparks. 2021. "Older People, Town Centres and the Revival of the ‘High Street’." Planning Theory & Practice 22, no. 1: 11-26.
We develop the concept of exogenous cognition (ExC) as a specific manifestation of an external cognitive system. ExC describes the technological and algorithmic extension of (and annexation of) cognition in a consumption context. ExC provides a framework to enhance the understanding of the impact of pervasive computing and smart technology on consumer decision-making and the behavioural impacts of consumer analytics. To this end, the article provides commentary and structures to outline the impact of ExC and to elaborate the definition and reach of ExC. The logic of ExC culminates in a theory of cognitive states comprising of three potential decision states: endogenous cognition, symbiotic cognition and surrogate cognition. These states are posited as transient (consumers might move between them during a purchase episode) and determined by individual propensities and situational antecedents. The article latterly provides various potential empirical avenues and issues for consideration and debate.
Andrew Smith; John Harvey; James Goulding; Gavin Smith; Leigh Sparks. Exogenous cognition and cognitive state theory: The plexus of consumer analytics and decision-making. Marketing Theory 2020, 21, 53 -74.
AMA StyleAndrew Smith, John Harvey, James Goulding, Gavin Smith, Leigh Sparks. Exogenous cognition and cognitive state theory: The plexus of consumer analytics and decision-making. Marketing Theory. 2020; 21 (1):53-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Smith; John Harvey; James Goulding; Gavin Smith; Leigh Sparks. 2020. "Exogenous cognition and cognitive state theory: The plexus of consumer analytics and decision-making." Marketing Theory 21, no. 1: 53-74.
Objective: The increasing influence of YouTube vloggers on consumer purchase behaviour and the specificity of the vloggers _ viewers/subscribers relationship are under-researched. Addressing this gap in knowledge, this paper explores the role of vloggers as brand influencers on consumer (their viewers) purchase behaviour. It aims to investigate the interaction between vloggers and viewers/subscribers in terms of brand awareness and consumers’ purchase behaviour. Methodology: A mixed-method approach (often connected with netnography) incorporated non-participant observation of vloggers’ activities and vloggers-viewers interactions within selected popular vlogs, supported by an online survey with both vloggers and viewers. Findings: We have observed specific brand endorsements and experiences, depending on the vloggers’ context, leading to both positive and negative feedback. This interaction and the consistently positive perception of reasons behind the vloggers’ choice of the endorsed brands underpin the credibility of the vloggers – viewers/subscribers relationship. Value added: Our results show not only the significance of vloggers as brand influencers, providing their audiences information perceived as trustworthy and convincing in terms of purchase recommendations but also explore the factors affecting this process. Recommendations: This research directed our attention into the viewer-viewer interaction on the vlogs platforms. It is a very dynamic and challenging (difficult to control) part of vlog marketing activities (including various eWOM aspects) which can be very influential in the analysed context and stays a task for the future research.
Maria Rybaczewska; Betty Jebet Chesire; Leigh Sparks. YouTube Vloggers as Brand Influencers on Consumer Purchase Behaviour. Journal of Intercultural Management 2020, 12, 117 -140.
AMA StyleMaria Rybaczewska, Betty Jebet Chesire, Leigh Sparks. YouTube Vloggers as Brand Influencers on Consumer Purchase Behaviour. Journal of Intercultural Management. 2020; 12 (3):117-140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Rybaczewska; Betty Jebet Chesire; Leigh Sparks. 2020. "YouTube Vloggers as Brand Influencers on Consumer Purchase Behaviour." Journal of Intercultural Management 12, no. 3: 117-140.
This paper outlines the role of non-market strategy and its relevance to public health. Three broad categories of non-market activity are described: corporate political activity, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and legal activity, with examples relevant to public health. The importance to public health researchers of considering business activity through a non-market lens has been outlined. Using a non-market strategy perspective can assist with understanding the commercial determinants of health and analysing the writing of the ‘rules of the game’.
Elizabeth Eastmure; Steven Cummins; Leigh Sparks. Non-market strategy as a framework for exploring commercial involvement in health policy: A primer. Social Science & Medicine 2020, 262, 113257 .
AMA StyleElizabeth Eastmure, Steven Cummins, Leigh Sparks. Non-market strategy as a framework for exploring commercial involvement in health policy: A primer. Social Science & Medicine. 2020; 262 ():113257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth Eastmure; Steven Cummins; Leigh Sparks. 2020. "Non-market strategy as a framework for exploring commercial involvement in health policy: A primer." Social Science & Medicine 262, no. : 113257.
A human capital perspective emphasises employer image as a powerful asset for a company's operations. It is also an intangible factor potentially influential for consumers' purchase decisions. This study answers the question whether there is any correlation between consumers' purchase decisions and the image of the company as an employer. Results of quantitative research with 896 respondents show that whilst employer image is not an explicitly stated priority for consumers' decision-making, it does moderate consumers' choice and satisfaction. With decreasing differentiation amongst offers in the retail and service sector, this is significant for competitive advantage and can be used by marketers. Our study widens understanding of brand equity by providing a new perspective on relevance and use of the company's image as an employer as a component of marketing activities.
Maria Rybaczewska; Leigh Sparks; Łukasz Sułkowski. Consumers’ purchase decisions and employer image. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2020, 55, 102123 .
AMA StyleMaria Rybaczewska, Leigh Sparks, Łukasz Sułkowski. Consumers’ purchase decisions and employer image. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2020; 55 ():102123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Rybaczewska; Leigh Sparks; Łukasz Sułkowski. 2020. "Consumers’ purchase decisions and employer image." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 55, no. : 102123.
Background The range of products stocked and their promotions in food retail outlets in healthcare settings can affect food choices by staff, patients and visitors. The innovative Scottish Healthcare Retail Standard (HRS) is a national mandatory scheme requiring all hospital food retail outlets to change the balance of food products stocked and their promotion to comply with nutritional criteria and promotional restrictions. The aim is to facilitate healthier food choices in healthcare settings. This study examined the implementation of HRS and the impact on foods stocked and promoted. Methods The study aimed to examine implementation process and changes to the retail environment in relation to food promotions and choice. A sample of hospital retail outlets (n = 17) including shops and trolley services were surveyed using a mixed methods design comprising: (a) structured observational audits of stock, layout and promotions (with a specific focus on chocolate and fruit product lines), and (b) face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the shop manager or nominated members of staff (n = 32). Data were collected at Wave 1 (2016), at the beginning and during the early stages of HRS implementation; and Wave 2, 12 months later, after the HRS implementation deadline. Results All outlets, both commercial and not-for-profit, in the sample successfully implemented HRS. Implementation was reported to be more challenging by independent shop managers compared to chain store staff. Retail managers identified areas where more implementation guidance and support could have been provided. The number of chocolate product lines and promotions reduced substantially between Waves 1 and 2, but with no substantial increase in fruit product lines and promotions. Despite initial negative expectations of HRS’s impact, managers identified some opportunities in the scheme and positive changes in the supply chain. Conclusions Positive changes in food retail outlets occurred after hospital shops were required to implement HRS. By creating a consistent approach across hospital shops in Scotland, HRS changed the food retail environment for hospital staff, visitors and patients. HRS provides a regulatory template and implementation learning points for influencing retail environments in other jurisdictions and settings.
Martine Stead; Douglas Eadie; Jennifer McKell; Leigh Sparks; Andy MacGregor; Annie S. Anderson. Making hospital shops healthier: evaluating the implementation of a mandatory standard for limiting food products and promotions in hospital retail outlets. BMC Public Health 2020, 20, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMartine Stead, Douglas Eadie, Jennifer McKell, Leigh Sparks, Andy MacGregor, Annie S. Anderson. Making hospital shops healthier: evaluating the implementation of a mandatory standard for limiting food products and promotions in hospital retail outlets. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartine Stead; Douglas Eadie; Jennifer McKell; Leigh Sparks; Andy MacGregor; Annie S. Anderson. 2020. "Making hospital shops healthier: evaluating the implementation of a mandatory standard for limiting food products and promotions in hospital retail outlets." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1: 1-11.
The convenience store sector in the UK has been growing strongly in recent years. Anecdotal commentary and media coverage claims that locally-owned stores are more advantageous for community coherence and resilience, being embedded socially and economically more strongly (than chain stores) in their local community. This paper extends our understanding of this. Following a review of the literature on social and economic aspects of convenience store operation, a multi-stage mainly qualitative research process was undertaken. Using four case stores in Scotland, this research demonstrates the local engagement of locally owned convenience stores and points to a stronger awareness and detail of the economic rather than the social aspects of this engagement. Differences with corporately owned convenience stores are identified. In policy terms the research shows that more work needs to be done to identify, quantify and then promote the advantages of local ownership of stores.
Maria Rybaczewska; Leigh Sparks. Locally-owned convenience stores and the local economy. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2019, 52, 101939 .
AMA StyleMaria Rybaczewska, Leigh Sparks. Locally-owned convenience stores and the local economy. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2019; 52 ():101939.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Rybaczewska; Leigh Sparks. 2019. "Locally-owned convenience stores and the local economy." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 52, no. : 101939.
Studies of places have been dichotomised as rural or urban. Towns, however, are neither rural nor urban. Towns have been neglected in research and policy agendas. In England the recent focus has been on high streets whereas in Scotland it has been on places and towns. Understanding Scottish Places (USP) is a web based platform that has become a key tool for evidence gathering, town comparison, knowledge exchange, regeneration planning and informed decision making for Scottish towns. USP is novel and contemporary and is engaging new ways of looking at, and planning in, and for, towns. This paper places USP in its research context and considers its development and use.
Anne Findlay; Matthew Jackson; Neil McInroy; Phil Prentice; Ewan Robertson; Leigh Sparks. Putting Towns on the Policy Map: Understanding Scottish Places (USP). Scottish Affairs 2018, 27, 294 -318.
AMA StyleAnne Findlay, Matthew Jackson, Neil McInroy, Phil Prentice, Ewan Robertson, Leigh Sparks. Putting Towns on the Policy Map: Understanding Scottish Places (USP). Scottish Affairs. 2018; 27 (3):294-318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Findlay; Matthew Jackson; Neil McInroy; Phil Prentice; Ewan Robertson; Leigh Sparks. 2018. "Putting Towns on the Policy Map: Understanding Scottish Places (USP)." Scottish Affairs 27, no. 3: 294-318.
Research question: The sports industry has witnessed sustained growth. The cultural, symbolic and stakeholder-embedded nature of sport provides a dynamic setting for developing service research. In this context, an evolution in the logic of value creation can be observed; fans are no longer passive receivers of value but, instead, can be active value co-creators. The sport fan exhibits distinctive characteristics and an ability and willingness to integrate resources and co-produce value propositions, which necessitates an understanding of fan value co-creation. We answer one key research question: what is the role of fans in value co-creation in sports? We do so by conceptually exploring the processes through which sport fans co-create and provide value propositions. Research methods: We use case exemplars to provide a base for the theoretical consideration of the role of sport fans in value co-creation. We verify and consolidate the service-dominant logic (SDL) in the sport context. However, due to the high level of abstraction of the SDL as a general theory, we utilize consumer culture theory (CCT) as a middle range theory (MRT) to bridge the gap between contextual descriptions of the role of fans and the SDL. Results and findings: Fans evaluate, redefine and reposition value propositions in different sport settings. The three roles of assimilators, adaptors and authenticators in value co-creation are identified through five case exemplars. We extend the theoretical understanding of the processes through which sport fans co-create value. Implications: Knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of sport fans and their roles in value co-creation will assist managers in developing effective marketing propositions. Our theoretical contribution will generate new lines of research in the field.
Dimitrios Kolyperas; Georgios Maglaras; Leigh Sparks. Sport fans’ roles in value co-creation. European Sport Management Quarterly 2018, 19, 201 -220.
AMA StyleDimitrios Kolyperas, Georgios Maglaras, Leigh Sparks. Sport fans’ roles in value co-creation. European Sport Management Quarterly. 2018; 19 (2):201-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimitrios Kolyperas; Georgios Maglaras; Leigh Sparks. 2018. "Sport fans’ roles in value co-creation." European Sport Management Quarterly 19, no. 2: 201-220.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the background to the development of the World Towns’ Framework, developed in June 2016 at the inaugural World Towns Leadership Summit in Scotland. The paper also provides an academic underpinning to the four pillars of the agreement; a unique sense of identity and place, economy, leadership and citizenship and environment. It ends with a call to action for practitioners, policymakers and organisations providing support to people in places who want to contribute to the development of the Framework and adopt it.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is divided into four sections. The first section gives the background to the development of the World Towns Framework. The second section publishes the World Towns Framework in its entirety. The third section builds an evidence-base for the components or pillars of the World Towns Framework, based upon work undertaken by the think tanks and academic partners involved in its development. The final section sets out a call for action – explaining how the Framework can be further developed and utilised.FindingsThe paper contains three main contributions. It articulates a new narrative for towns, neighbourhoods and city districts in responding to contemporary urban challenges; it shapes a new urban agenda for these urban places and it asserts the need for new alliances and approaches essential for a strong competitive economy, which is more inclusive of towns and smaller places, combined with a fairer, more equal society.Research limitations/implicationsThe evidence base for the research is limited to the work that has been carried out by the academic institutions and think tanks that supported the development of the World Towns’ Framework.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of the World Towns Framework are a shared understanding of how towns and smaller places can engage in management, development and marketing practices that will lead to a stronger economy and fairer society.Social implicationsThe focus upon place uniqueness and identity, a more equitable economy, a greener and cleaner environment and stronger place leadership and citizenship can lead to better, fairer and more liveable places.Originality valueThis is the first attempt to develop a World Towns Framework to shape urban change outside of cities and metropoles.
Ian Davison Porter; Diarmaid Lawlor; Neil McInroy; Cathy Parker; Phil Prentice; Leigh Sparks; Gary Warnaby. The World Towns Framework: a call to action. Journal of Place Management and Development 2017, 10, 504 -520.
AMA StyleIan Davison Porter, Diarmaid Lawlor, Neil McInroy, Cathy Parker, Phil Prentice, Leigh Sparks, Gary Warnaby. The World Towns Framework: a call to action. Journal of Place Management and Development. 2017; 10 (5):504-520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIan Davison Porter; Diarmaid Lawlor; Neil McInroy; Cathy Parker; Phil Prentice; Leigh Sparks; Gary Warnaby. 2017. "The World Towns Framework: a call to action." Journal of Place Management and Development 10, no. 5: 504-520.
Purpose While some football clubs are recognised as popular brands, little is known about the way they leverage their brand in their merchandise retailing. To address this gap the purpose of this paper is to investigate retail branding strategies used by professional football clubs through brand equity and supply chain management. In particular, it analyses the type of product merchandised, the reasons for selling certain products and the ways through which football clubs merchandise, including their partners in distribution channels. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was undertaken involving content analysis of 22 Scottish professional football clubs’ websites and annual reports, and semi-structured interviews with seven football clubs retail managers and four supply chain partners. Transcribed data were coded and thematically organised through an inductive process using the qualitative data analysis software NVivo 10. Findings Three types of merchandise have been identified: basic, fashion and short season. Building brand equity is considered the main motive for retailing merchandise. Some football clubs use intermediaries or outsourcers to respond to sudden consumer demands and to ensure high levels of service, whereas others have an integrated supply chain which allows for greater control. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the discussion on the role of retailing in football club brand equity. It suggests initiating intermediaries in the distribution channels to build brand equity thus enabling clubs to become more responsive to consumer demand. Originality/value This is the first paper to look at retail branding strategies of professional football clubs.
Adam Szymoszowskyj; Mathieu Winand; Dimitrios Kolyperas; Leigh Sparks. Professional football clubs retail branding strategies. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 2016, 6, 579 -598.
AMA StyleAdam Szymoszowskyj, Mathieu Winand, Dimitrios Kolyperas, Leigh Sparks. Professional football clubs retail branding strategies. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2016; 6 (5):579-598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Szymoszowskyj; Mathieu Winand; Dimitrios Kolyperas; Leigh Sparks. 2016. "Professional football clubs retail branding strategies." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 6, no. 5: 579-598.
Despite the increasing number and significance of charitable foundations in various business sectors, their role in cocreating corporate social responsibility (CSR) value remains unclear. This paper identifies CSR value cocreation in professional team sport organizations (PTSOs) and answers three key research questions: (a) Why have PTSOs developed charitable foundations as their means toward CSR value cocreation? (b) What CSR-related resources do PTSOs and their charitable foundations integrate? and (c) How do they manage, share, and transfer such resources to cocreate CSR value? Drawing theoretical insights from service dominant logic and consumer culture theory—and using empirical data from 47 semistructured interviews of UK-based professional football (soccer) clubs—this study develops a communicating vessels framework to illustrate the role of charitable foundations in the CSR value cocreation process. Through four tentative CSR value cocreation levels of relationship (bolt-on, cooperative, controlled, and strategic) the study suggests several internal strategies that can enhance the level of collaboration between founders and foundations. These include information sharing through customer relationship management (CRM) systems and social media platforms; staff sharing or flexible movement across the organizations; quality assurance agreements; flexible team cooperation; partnership protocols with social, media, cultural, and commercial stakeholders; and cotraining of personnel.
Dimitrios Kolyperas; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Simon Chadwick; Leigh Sparks. Applying a Communicating Vessels Framework to CSR Value Co-creation: Empirical Evidence From Professional Team Sport Organizations. Journal of Sport Management 2016, 30, 702 -719.
AMA StyleDimitrios Kolyperas, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Simon Chadwick, Leigh Sparks. Applying a Communicating Vessels Framework to CSR Value Co-creation: Empirical Evidence From Professional Team Sport Organizations. Journal of Sport Management. 2016; 30 (6):702-719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimitrios Kolyperas; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Simon Chadwick; Leigh Sparks. 2016. "Applying a Communicating Vessels Framework to CSR Value Co-creation: Empirical Evidence From Professional Team Sport Organizations." Journal of Sport Management 30, no. 6: 702-719.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of image and consumer factors in influencing store brand (SB) choice between two retail chains (Carrefour and Extra) in a Latin American market, Brazil. SBs are increasingly offered by retailers in emerging markets. What is less clear, however, is how emerging market consumers make their choices between the SBs on offer from different retail chains. Design/methodology/approach – A mall-intercept survey conducted by a Brazilian market research company generated 600 usable questionnaires collected in two retail chains. Structural equation modelling was used to test a series of proposed hypotheses. Findings – The results revealed that SB attitude, SB price-image, store image perceptions, SB perceived value and SB purchase intention have significant and positive direct or indirect effects on SB choice overall, and for each retail chain. However, for price-related constructs, the relationships are stronger for the Extra chain compared to the Carrefour chain. Results show that the Brazilian market presents some departures from both developed and other emerging countries. Research limitations/implications – Respondents were consumers in only one Latin American market (Brazil) and shoppers of only two retail chains. Caution should therefore be exercised when generalising the results to other markets in Latin America. Practical implications – Understanding which factors influence consumer choice of SBs in an emerging market while taking into account the presence of different operators allows retailers to launch new SB programs and implement the appropriate strategies to increase SB sales in this market. Originality/value – The main contribution of this research lies in clarifying consumer behaviour towards SBs in an emerging Latin American market. It fills a major gap in the marketing literature and research in stressing the need to rethink the application of conventional business models to Latin America.
Mbaye Fall Diallo; Steve Burt; Leigh Sparks. The influence of image and consumer factors on store brand choice in the Brazilian market. European Business Review 2015, 27, 495 -512.
AMA StyleMbaye Fall Diallo, Steve Burt, Leigh Sparks. The influence of image and consumer factors on store brand choice in the Brazilian market. European Business Review. 2015; 27 (5):495-512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMbaye Fall Diallo; Steve Burt; Leigh Sparks. 2015. "The influence of image and consumer factors on store brand choice in the Brazilian market." European Business Review 27, no. 5: 495-512.
Dimitrios Kolyperas; Stephen Morrow; Leigh Sparks. Developing CSR in professional football clubs: drivers and phases. Corporate Governance 2015, 15, 177 -195.
AMA StyleDimitrios Kolyperas, Stephen Morrow, Leigh Sparks. Developing CSR in professional football clubs: drivers and phases. Corporate Governance. 2015; 15 (2):177-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimitrios Kolyperas; Stephen Morrow; Leigh Sparks. 2015. "Developing CSR in professional football clubs: drivers and phases." Corporate Governance 15, no. 2: 177-195.
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are an increasingly familiar component of the management of places and the delivery of some services. However, how do we know if they succeed? An extended framework for the evaluation of BIDs is developed and then used in primary research on the Pathfinder BIDs in Scotland. The proposed framework, incorporating less tangible aspects of BIDs operations, appears to capture broad dimensions of activities, outcomes, impacts and processes. The Scottish experience shows limitations in traditional evaluation of BIDs and the benefits of an extended evaluation framework.
Mhairi Donaghy; Anne Findlay; Leigh Sparks. The evaluation of Business Improvement Districts: Questions and issues from the Scottish experience. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 2013, 28, 471 -487.
AMA StyleMhairi Donaghy, Anne Findlay, Leigh Sparks. The evaluation of Business Improvement Districts: Questions and issues from the Scottish experience. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit. 2013; 28 (5):471-487.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMhairi Donaghy; Anne Findlay; Leigh Sparks. 2013. "The evaluation of Business Improvement Districts: Questions and issues from the Scottish experience." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 28, no. 5: 471-487.
A pre-occupation with the ‘new’ and a focus on corporate retailers and spaces has led to a lack of consideration of change and issues in secondary or ‘other places’ of retail. Using a longitudinal survey methodology, data on retail stock, churn, vacancy and use are considered for one such ‘other place’ – Shettleston in Glasgow. The data show complex dimensions and aspects of vulnerability and resilience, compounded by reactions to exogenous retail and other economic and social changes. Far from being ‘seedy, pre-historical backwaters’, Shettleston and similar ‘other’ places can be vital, local centres playing a variety of useful roles. They require support and attention every bit as much as more high profile town centres and high streets.
Anne Findlay; Leigh Sparks. Far from the ‘Magic of the Mall’: Retail (Change) in ‘Other Places’. Scottish Geographical Journal 2012, 128, 24 -41.
AMA StyleAnne Findlay, Leigh Sparks. Far from the ‘Magic of the Mall’: Retail (Change) in ‘Other Places’. Scottish Geographical Journal. 2012; 128 (1):24-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Findlay; Leigh Sparks. 2012. "Far from the ‘Magic of the Mall’: Retail (Change) in ‘Other Places’." Scottish Geographical Journal 128, no. 1: 24-41.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model that includes drivers of supply chain management (SCM) adoption and execution identified in the literature, provide a set of measurement scales that operationalise constructs within this model, empirically verify a hierarchical order of antecedents that affects the adoption and execution of SCM, and assist management by providing a focus on those SCM conditions and processes that need to be prioritised to increase successful SCM adoption and execution. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual model is tested empirically through a survey of 174 senior supply chain managers representing the biggest organisations within a central European country. Findings – Using structural equation modelling the hypothesised hierarchical order of three proposed antecedents is verified: “internal SCM conditions”, that affect “joint or external SCM conditions”, which in turn influence collaborative “SCM-related processes”. Firms that adopt these steps should enjoy a rigorous and appropriate road to the full execution of SCM. Research limitations/implications – The survey results reflect the views of large organisations in a country-specific supply chain setting. Practical implications – The findings provide a hierarchical focus for financial, personnel and management initiatives to increase integration within a supply chain and improve competitiveness. Originality/value – The major contribution of this paper is that it provides empirical proof of the antecedents that affect the adoption and execution of SCM.
Herbert Kotzab; Christoph Teller; David B Grant; Leigh Sparks. Antecedents for the adoption and execution of supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 2011, 16, 231 -245.
AMA StyleHerbert Kotzab, Christoph Teller, David B Grant, Leigh Sparks. Antecedents for the adoption and execution of supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. 2011; 16 (4):231-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerbert Kotzab; Christoph Teller; David B Grant; Leigh Sparks. 2011. "Antecedents for the adoption and execution of supply chain management." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 16, no. 4: 231-245.
Leigh Sparks. Settling for second best? International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 2011, 39, 114 -129.
AMA StyleLeigh Sparks. Settling for second best? International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. 2011; 39 (2):114-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeigh Sparks. 2011. "Settling for second best?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 39, no. 2: 114-129.