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Dr. Maria Grazia Piancino
Dental School, Orthognathodontic Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, V. Nizza 230,10123 Turin, Italy

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0 Scoliosis
0 hippocampus
0 juvenile idiopathic arthritis
0 Malocclusions
0 Masticatory function

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Masticatory function
Chewing patterns
hippocampus
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Scoliosis
Malocclusions

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Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Unilateral posterior crossbite is a type of malocclusion that involves morpho-functional characteristics of masticatory muscle, such as the masseter: electrophysiological data have shown that the affected side works less than the contralateral muscle, which shows a normal or increased activity, probably in order to compensate for the affected side. The aim of present work was to measure the diameter and the cross-sectional area of ipsilateral and contralateral muscle fibers to verify if hypertrophy and/or hypotrophy take place in this malocclusion. We used immunofluorescence pictures to measure, using ImageJ software, the diameter and the cross-sectional area of fibers from control and crossbite groups; after that, the data were processed to perform statistical analyses. Results show that the fiber diameters of contralateral muscle are larger than the diameters of ipsilateral and control fibers, and that this difference is statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the fiber diameters of the ipsilateral and control muscles. All these data suggest that, during unilateral posterior crossbite, morphological changes take place in the contralateral masseter muscle, which undergoes hypertrophy, probably to compensate for the low activity of the affected muscle.

ACS Style

Giovanna Vermiglio; Mariagrazia Piancino; Michele Runci Anastasi; Giacomo Picciolo; Antonio Centofanti; Giuseppe Santoro; Mariachiara Malandrino; Giuseppina Cutroneo; Giuseppe Anastasi. Use of Immunofluorescence Technique to Perform a Quantitative Analysis of Masseter Muscle Fibers in Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Pilot Study. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5350 .

AMA Style

Giovanna Vermiglio, Mariagrazia Piancino, Michele Runci Anastasi, Giacomo Picciolo, Antonio Centofanti, Giuseppe Santoro, Mariachiara Malandrino, Giuseppina Cutroneo, Giuseppe Anastasi. Use of Immunofluorescence Technique to Perform a Quantitative Analysis of Masseter Muscle Fibers in Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Pilot Study. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (12):5350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanna Vermiglio; Mariagrazia Piancino; Michele Runci Anastasi; Giacomo Picciolo; Antonio Centofanti; Giuseppe Santoro; Mariachiara Malandrino; Giuseppina Cutroneo; Giuseppe Anastasi. 2021. "Use of Immunofluorescence Technique to Perform a Quantitative Analysis of Masseter Muscle Fibers in Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Pilot Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12: 5350.

Review
Published: 27 May 2021 in Archives of Oral Biology
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ACS Style

I. Tonni; G. Ricciardi; M.G. Piancino; C. Stretti; F. Costantinides; C. Paganelli. Corrigendum to “The influence of food hardness on the physiological parameters of mastication: A systematic review” [Arch. Oral Biol. 120 (December) (2020) 104903]. Archives of Oral Biology 2021, 128, 105140 .

AMA Style

I. Tonni, G. Ricciardi, M.G. Piancino, C. Stretti, F. Costantinides, C. Paganelli. Corrigendum to “The influence of food hardness on the physiological parameters of mastication: A systematic review” [Arch. Oral Biol. 120 (December) (2020) 104903]. Archives of Oral Biology. 2021; 128 ():105140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Tonni; G. Ricciardi; M.G. Piancino; C. Stretti; F. Costantinides; C. Paganelli. 2021. "Corrigendum to “The influence of food hardness on the physiological parameters of mastication: A systematic review” [Arch. Oral Biol. 120 (December) (2020) 104903]." Archives of Oral Biology 128, no. : 105140.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Unilateral posterior crossbite is a malocclusion disease that involves morpho-functional characteristics of masseter muscle; a normal or increased activity of contralateral muscle and a reduced activity of the ipsilateral muscle during unilateral crossbite have been shown. Since the extracellular matrix plays a key role in in mechano-transduction of transmitting forces during muscle contraction, the aim of the present study was to analyse the behaviour of extracellular matrix in this type of malocclusion through immunofluorescence reactions against laminin, collagen IV, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our results show an increased expression of Laminin, Collagen IV, and MMP-9 in the contralateral side if compared to the ipsilateral side. No differences have been found in MMP-2 expression between contralateral and ipsilateral muscles. Since the increased expression of Laminin, Collagen IV and MMP-9 is associated with muscle hypertrophy and MMP-2 is associated with muscle atrophy, our results support the existence of a hypertrophic response of contralateral muscle during unilateral posterior crossbite that probably aims to compensate the altered function of the ipsilateral one.

ACS Style

Giovanna Vermiglio; Antonio Centofanti; Maria Piancino; Maria Malandrino; Michele Runci Anastasi; Giacomo Picciolo; Giuseppina Cutroneo. Extracellular Matrix Behaviour in Masseter Muscle of Patients Affected by Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: An Immunofluorescence Study. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4649 .

AMA Style

Giovanna Vermiglio, Antonio Centofanti, Maria Piancino, Maria Malandrino, Michele Runci Anastasi, Giacomo Picciolo, Giuseppina Cutroneo. Extracellular Matrix Behaviour in Masseter Muscle of Patients Affected by Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: An Immunofluorescence Study. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (10):4649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanna Vermiglio; Antonio Centofanti; Maria Piancino; Maria Malandrino; Michele Runci Anastasi; Giacomo Picciolo; Giuseppina Cutroneo. 2021. "Extracellular Matrix Behaviour in Masseter Muscle of Patients Affected by Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: An Immunofluorescence Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10: 4649.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Children
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The question of whether orthodontic therapy by means of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) affects the spine during development is important in clinical practice. RPE is an expansive, fixed therapy conducted with heavy forces to separate the midpalatal suture at a rate of 0.2–0.5 mm/day. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of RPE on the curves of the spine of juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Eighteen patients under orthopedic supervision for juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and independently treated with RPE for orthodontic reasons were included in the study: Group A, 10 subjects (10.4 ± 1.3 years), first spinal radiograph before the application of the RPE, second one during the orthodontic therapy with RPE; Group B, 8 patients (11.3 ± 1.6 years), first radiograph during the use of RPE second one after the removal. Group A showed a significant worsening of the Cobb angle (p ≤ 0.005) at the second radiograph after RPE. Group B showed a significant improvement of the Cobb angle (p = 0.01) at the second radiograph after removal of RPE. Based on the results, the use of RPE during adolescence might influence the spinal curves of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

ACS Style

Maria Piancino; Francesco MacDonald; Ivana Laponte; Rosangela Cannavale; Vito Crincoli; Paola Dalmasso. Juvenile/Adolescent Idiopatic Scoliosis and Rapid Palatal Expansion. A Pilot Study. Children 2021, 8, 362 .

AMA Style

Maria Piancino, Francesco MacDonald, Ivana Laponte, Rosangela Cannavale, Vito Crincoli, Paola Dalmasso. Juvenile/Adolescent Idiopatic Scoliosis and Rapid Palatal Expansion. A Pilot Study. Children. 2021; 8 (5):362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Piancino; Francesco MacDonald; Ivana Laponte; Rosangela Cannavale; Vito Crincoli; Paola Dalmasso. 2021. "Juvenile/Adolescent Idiopatic Scoliosis and Rapid Palatal Expansion. A Pilot Study." Children 8, no. 5: 362.

Original article
Published: 30 March 2021 in European Journal of Oral Sciences
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the masticatory pattern in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) through investigation of the prevalence of reverse sequencing chewing cycles. The study group included 18 patients with CL/P (mean age: 7.4 yr, SD: 1.4 yr), 15 of whom had dental crossbite. The controls included a group of 18 non‐CL/P children with the same types of crossbite as the study group (mean age: 7.2 yr, SD: 1.5 yr) and a group of 18 non‐CL/P subjects with normal occlusion (mean age: 9.8 yr, SD: 1.9 yr). Mandibular movements during chewing of soft and hard bolus were recorded with a kinesiograph. Kinematic signals were analysed using a custom‐made software. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the degree of reverse‐sequencing chewing cycles between patients and controls (Kruskal–Wallis test with Dwass‐Steel‐Critchlow‐Fligner pairwise comparisons post hoc test). A significant difference between patients with CL/P and non‐CL/P subjects with normal occlusion was highlighted on the left side of mastication, which was the side with the higher prevalence of crossbite with both types of bolus. No statistical differences were found between CL/P patients and healthy controls with crossbite. Cleft‐affected patients with posterior crossbite exhibited an anomalous masticatory pattern with increased reverse chewing cycles on the crossbite side.

ACS Style

Diana Cassi; Alberto Di Blasio; Laura Di Benedetto; Corrado De Biase; Giuseppe Pedrazzi; Maria Grazia Piancino. Evaluation of masticatory function in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. European Journal of Oral Sciences 2021, 129, e12781 .

AMA Style

Diana Cassi, Alberto Di Blasio, Laura Di Benedetto, Corrado De Biase, Giuseppe Pedrazzi, Maria Grazia Piancino. Evaluation of masticatory function in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. European Journal of Oral Sciences. 2021; 129 (3):e12781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diana Cassi; Alberto Di Blasio; Laura Di Benedetto; Corrado De Biase; Giuseppe Pedrazzi; Maria Grazia Piancino. 2021. "Evaluation of masticatory function in patients with cleft lip and/or palate." European Journal of Oral Sciences 129, no. 3: e12781.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2020 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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A unilateral posterior crossbite is a malocclusion where the low activity of the affected masseter muscle is compensated by the contralateral muscle hypertrophy. It is still unknown if, in the same condition, myogenesis with new fibre formation takes place. Aim: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of myogenesis markers, such as Myf5 and MyoD, in masseter muscles of unilateral posterior crossbite patients. Materials and methods: biopsies from fifteen surgical patients with unilateral posterior crossbites have been analysed by immunofluorescence reactions. The results show the expression of Myf5 and MyoD in the contralateral muscle but not in the ipsilateral one. Moreover, statistical analysis shows the higher number of satellite cells in the contralateral side if compared to the ipsilateral one. Conclusions: these results suggest that in contralateral muscle, hyperplastic events take place, as well as hypertrophy.

ACS Style

Giovanna Vermiglio; Antonio Centofanti; Guglielmo Ramieri; Michele Tepedino; Michele Runci Anastasi; Antonio Micali; Alba Arco; Maria Piancino. Immunofluorescence Evaluation of Myf5 and MyoD in Masseter Muscle of Unilateral Posterior Crossbite Patients. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 80 .

AMA Style

Giovanna Vermiglio, Antonio Centofanti, Guglielmo Ramieri, Michele Tepedino, Michele Runci Anastasi, Antonio Micali, Alba Arco, Maria Piancino. Immunofluorescence Evaluation of Myf5 and MyoD in Masseter Muscle of Unilateral Posterior Crossbite Patients. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (4):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanna Vermiglio; Antonio Centofanti; Guglielmo Ramieri; Michele Tepedino; Michele Runci Anastasi; Antonio Micali; Alba Arco; Maria Piancino. 2020. "Immunofluorescence Evaluation of Myf5 and MyoD in Masseter Muscle of Unilateral Posterior Crossbite Patients." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 4: 80.

Review
Published: 09 September 2020 in Archives of Oral Biology
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This systematic review had the purpose to collect existing data concerning the influence of food hardness on mastication in adults. The review was listed with PROSPERO (CRD42017069760) and was directed following with PRISMA and CRD (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York) statement. A database search of articles issued from 1998 up to December 2018 was carried-out using four databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. The lists of references of the articles selected for the review were read to identify any other relevant studies. The included publications were analysed for level of evidence, study design, sample characteristics, test of mastication, primary outcomes and key results. A quality assessment of the articles included in the review was performed. 1686 articles were found through database searching. The studies that complied with all the inclusion criteria and were considered for the conclusive analysis were 38 and their methodological quality was scored as moderate/low. The findings of the analysed articles were consistent, despite the presence of different methodologies and the lack of a complete control of the bias. They revealed that the majority of the chewing parameters, which were gathered in four groups: 1) number of cycles, 2) sequence duration, 3) muscle activity and 4) coordination and amplitudes and shape of mandibular displacements, increased in the transition from soft to hard food. Hard-diet in adults has an impact on the masticatory function increasing almost all the physiological masticatory parameters, muscle coordination and changes of masticatory side.

ACS Style

Ingrid Tonni; Giulia Ricciardi; Maria Grazia Piancino; Chiara Stretti; Fulvia Costantinides; Corrado Paganelli. The influence of food hardness on the physiological parameters of mastication: A systematic review. Archives of Oral Biology 2020, 120, 104903 .

AMA Style

Ingrid Tonni, Giulia Ricciardi, Maria Grazia Piancino, Chiara Stretti, Fulvia Costantinides, Corrado Paganelli. The influence of food hardness on the physiological parameters of mastication: A systematic review. Archives of Oral Biology. 2020; 120 ():104903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ingrid Tonni; Giulia Ricciardi; Maria Grazia Piancino; Chiara Stretti; Fulvia Costantinides; Corrado Paganelli. 2020. "The influence of food hardness on the physiological parameters of mastication: A systematic review." Archives of Oral Biology 120, no. : 104903.

Review
Published: 20 August 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Recent results have established that masticatory function plays a role not only in the balance of the stomatognathic system and in the central motor control, but also in the trophism of the hippocampus and in the cognitive activity. These implications have been shown in clinical studies and in animal researches as well, by means of histological, biochemical and behavioural techniques. This systematic review describes the effects of three forms of experimentally altered mastication, namely soft-diet feeding, molar extraction and bite-raising, on the trophism and function of the hippocampus in animal models. Through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGray and GrayMatters, 645 articles were identified, 33 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and 28 articles were included in the review process. The comprehensiveness of reporting was evaluated with the ARRIVE guidelines and the risk of bias with the SYRCLE RoB tool. The literature reviewed agrees that a disturbed mastication is significantly associated with a reduced number of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 and CA3, downregulation of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), reduced synaptic activity, reduced neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus (DG), glial proliferation, and reduced performances in behavioural tests, indicating memory impairment and reduced spatial orientation. Moreover, while the bite-raised condition, characterized by occlusal instability, is known to be a source of stress, soft-diet feeding and molar extractions were not consistently associated with a stress response. More research is needed to clarify this topic. The emerging role of chewing in the preservation of hippocampal trophism, neurogenesis and synaptic activity is worthy of interest and may contribute to the study of neurodegenerative diseases in new and potentially relevant ways.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Alessandro Tortarolo; Antonella Polimeni; Ennio Bramanti; Placido Bramanti. Altered mastication adversely impacts morpho-functional features of the hippocampus: A systematic review on animal studies in three different experimental conditions involving the masticatory function. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0237872 .

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Alessandro Tortarolo, Antonella Polimeni, Ennio Bramanti, Placido Bramanti. Altered mastication adversely impacts morpho-functional features of the hippocampus: A systematic review on animal studies in three different experimental conditions involving the masticatory function. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (8):e0237872.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Alessandro Tortarolo; Antonella Polimeni; Ennio Bramanti; Placido Bramanti. 2020. "Altered mastication adversely impacts morpho-functional features of the hippocampus: A systematic review on animal studies in three different experimental conditions involving the masticatory function." PLOS ONE 15, no. 8: e0237872.

Review
Published: 31 July 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) consist of multifactorial musculoskeletal disorders associated with the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and annexed structures. This clinical condition is characterized by temporomandibular pain, restricted mandibular movement, and TMJ synovial inflammation, resulting in reduced quality of life of affected people. Commonly, TMD management aims to reduce pain and inflammation by using pharmacologic therapies that show efficacy in pain relief but their long-term use is frequently associated with adverse effects. For this reason, the use of natural compounds as an effective alternative to conventional drugs appears extremely interesting. Indeed, polyphenols could represent a potential therapeutic strategy, related to their ability to modulate the inflammatory responses involved in TMD. The present work reviews the mechanisms underlying inflammation-related TMD, highlighting the potential role of polyphenols as a promising approach to develop innovative management of temporomandibular diseases.

ACS Style

Stefania Moccia; Ludovica Nucci; Carmela Spagnuolo; Fabrizia D’Apuzzo; Maria Grazia Piancino; Giuseppe Minervini. Polyphenols as Potential Agents in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5305 .

AMA Style

Stefania Moccia, Ludovica Nucci, Carmela Spagnuolo, Fabrizia D’Apuzzo, Maria Grazia Piancino, Giuseppe Minervini. Polyphenols as Potential Agents in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefania Moccia; Ludovica Nucci; Carmela Spagnuolo; Fabrizia D’Apuzzo; Maria Grazia Piancino; Giuseppe Minervini. 2020. "Polyphenols as Potential Agents in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5305.

Review
Published: 01 November 2019 in Archives of Oral Biology
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To provide a systematic review of the effects of the bite-raised condition in animal models, a widespread technique in modern orthodontics. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Original articles were searched through Pubmed, Cochrane Central database and Embase until December 2018. 242 articles were identified through database searching. After removing the duplicates, 198 articles were screened by reviewing the abstracts. 27 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and, after 7 exclusions, 20 articles were included in the review process. Studies selected by the review process concerned animal models. Histological, molecular, biochemical and electromyographical studies were evaluated. The results, with a high level of agreement in different animals, showed that the bite-raised condition is a source of stress, inducing increased plasma corticosterone, urinary cortisol and HPA axis alterations; it predisposes the organism to react to subsequent stressful stimulation with a significantly greater incretion of glucocorticoids, thus inducing hypersensitivity to novel forms of stress; it affects the structure of the hippocampus, reducing the number of neurons, increasing the number of glial cells and worsening memory and spatial orientation; it alters the electromyographical activity of masticatory muscles. The results of research conducted on animal models do not necessarily apply directly to human beings. More clinical research, with special attention to adolescent patients, is necessary to clarify whether, in humans, the bite-raised condition is accompanied by adverse effects comparable to those observed in animals.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Alessandro Tortarolo; Antonella Polimeni; Rosangela Cannavale; Ingrid Tonni; Andrea Deregibus. Adverse effects of the bite-raised condition in animal studies: A systematic review. Archives of Oral Biology 2019, 107, 104516 .

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Alessandro Tortarolo, Antonella Polimeni, Rosangela Cannavale, Ingrid Tonni, Andrea Deregibus. Adverse effects of the bite-raised condition in animal studies: A systematic review. Archives of Oral Biology. 2019; 107 ():104516.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Alessandro Tortarolo; Antonella Polimeni; Rosangela Cannavale; Ingrid Tonni; Andrea Deregibus. 2019. "Adverse effects of the bite-raised condition in animal studies: A systematic review." Archives of Oral Biology 107, no. : 104516.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
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The relationship between thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and craniofacial morphology is still controversial. Evidence-based results are difficult to obtain and scientific studies are inhomogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine posture and cephalometric values comparing two groups of subjects with different cranial structure in the sagittal plane. Eighty-one subjects were consecutively selected and divided into two groups, according to the orientation of the condyle-orbital plane (CoOr) with respect to the superior maxilla (SpP): Group1: 49 subjects 11.6 (2.1) years showing posterior-rotation of CoOr: SpP^CoOr ≤ -2°, -4.1°(2.1°); Group2: 32 subjects 12.9 (2.3)years showing anterior-rotation of CoOr: SpP^CoOr ≥ 2°, 3.7°(1.9°). Each patient underwent in blinding, Spinal Mouse recording and cephalometry of the skull. Group1 showed a significant forward tilting of the spine 4.4°(1.8°) with respect to Group2 2.4°(1.3°) (p < 0.0001) and higher values related to the vertical dimension of the skull: higher maxillary divergency (p < 0.0001), steep occlusal plane (p < 0.0007), higher gonial angle (p < 0.001). The results of this study showed a difference in the thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine inclination between groups with different craniofacial morphology. The achievement of this outcome is important to improve our multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment planning.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Paola Dalmasso; Fabio Borello; Pasquale Cinnella; Vito Crincoli; Umberto Garagiola; Corrado de Biase; Ingrid Tonni; Giada Matacena; Andrea Deregibus. Thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and cranio-mandibular morphology in adolescents. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 2019, 48, 169 -175.

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Paola Dalmasso, Fabio Borello, Pasquale Cinnella, Vito Crincoli, Umberto Garagiola, Corrado de Biase, Ingrid Tonni, Giada Matacena, Andrea Deregibus. Thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and cranio-mandibular morphology in adolescents. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2019; 48 ():169-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Paola Dalmasso; Fabio Borello; Pasquale Cinnella; Vito Crincoli; Umberto Garagiola; Corrado de Biase; Ingrid Tonni; Giada Matacena; Andrea Deregibus. 2019. "Thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and cranio-mandibular morphology in adolescents." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 48, no. : 169-175.

Articles
Published: 17 October 2018 in CRANIO®
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Objective: To compare morphologic findings in MRI and skeletal divergence of a group of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) subdivided into condylar symmetric and asymmetric. Methods: Fifty-nine adults (26.7 years old) with TMD were retrospectively recruited. Condylar height symmetry was evaluated by orthopantomography (Habets’s method) and used to divide patients into Symmetric and Asymmetric groups; skeletal divergence was assessed on lateral cephalograms. MRI was used to evaluate the condylar long axis’ angle, the glenoid fossa morphology, and the degree of disc displacement. Results: Asymmetric subjects showed a hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (p = 0.036), asymmetric condylar long axis (p = 0.018), and deeper (p = 0.025) and asymmetric (p = 0.001) glenoid fossa compared to symmetric subjects. Conclusion: Patients with TMD and condylar asymmetry diagnosed with orthopantomography are more likely to show hyperdivergent skull in cephalometry, condylar asymmetry of both height and major axis, and a steeper glenoid fossa in MRI.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Michele Tepedino; Francesco Cavarra; Ennio Bramanti; Giuseppina Laganà; Claudio Chimenti; Stefano Cirillo. Condylar long axis and articular eminence in MRI in patients with temporomandibular disorders. CRANIO® 2018, 38, 342 -350.

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Michele Tepedino, Francesco Cavarra, Ennio Bramanti, Giuseppina Laganà, Claudio Chimenti, Stefano Cirillo. Condylar long axis and articular eminence in MRI in patients with temporomandibular disorders. CRANIO®. 2018; 38 (5):342-350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Michele Tepedino; Francesco Cavarra; Ennio Bramanti; Giuseppina Laganà; Claudio Chimenti; Stefano Cirillo. 2018. "Condylar long axis and articular eminence in MRI in patients with temporomandibular disorders." CRANIO® 38, no. 5: 342-350.

Review
Published: 12 September 2018 in Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
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Objects Rapid Palatal Expansion (RPE) is a widespread orthopedic procedure used in several clinical situations. Aim of the study is to provide a systematic review and meta‐analysis of transverse intercanine and intermolar width changes after RPE and long‐term effects. Setting and Sample Population: A systematic literature search was conducted until January 2018 on original studies with RPE treatment. Material and Methods Intercanine and intermolar distance was measured at the start of RPE (T1, median age 9,2years) and at the end of treatment(T2). Long‐term evaluation was conducted on a subset of articles with 5‐years follow‐up(T3). Results 18 studies T1‐T2 and 5 studies T3 were selected. Regarding the intercanine distance the RPE resulted associated with a gain of space T1‐T2 of 3.73 mm with a significant heterogeneity (P<0.0001; I2=94.21%) and a relapse T2‐T3 of ‐0.81 mm with a significant heterogeneity (P<0.0001; I2=95.8%); the overall gain of space was 2.91 mm. Regarding the intermolar distance the RPE resulted in a gain of space T1‐T2 of 4.85 mm with a significant heterogeneity (P<0.0001; I2=92.41%) and a relapse T2‐T3 of ‐0.47 mm with a significant heterogeneity (P<0.0001; I2=87.5%); the overall gain of space was 4.38 mm. Meta‐regression analysis showed that at younger age, the amount of anterior expansion is similar to posterior. With increasing age, the anterior opening diminishes significantly more than the posterior, being half of the posterior at 15 years. Conclusion Because long term results were obtained with simultaneously fixed appliances and long upper retention, RPE should be carefully considered before using. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Rosangela Cannavale; Paolo Chiodini; Letizia Perillo; Maria Grazia Piancino. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE): Meta-analysis of long-term effects. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 2018, 21, 225 -235.

AMA Style

Rosangela Cannavale, Paolo Chiodini, Letizia Perillo, Maria Grazia Piancino. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE): Meta-analysis of long-term effects. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 2018; 21 (4):225-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosangela Cannavale; Paolo Chiodini; Letizia Perillo; Maria Grazia Piancino. 2018. "Rapid palatal expansion (RPE): Meta-analysis of long-term effects." Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 21, no. 4: 225-235.

Original article
Published: 21 June 2018 in Clinical Rheumatology
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the cephalometric differences and condylar asymmetry between patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and normal control group. Sixty-two JIA patients with a latero-lateral cephalogram and orthopantomography, seeking for orthodontic therapy, and 62 normal matched subjects were comprised in the study. Cephalometric analysis was used for the evaluation of facial morphology while the method of Habets et al. (J Oral Rehabil 15(5): 465–471, 1988) was used to compare the condyles in orthopantomography. The significance of between-group differences was assessed using the Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate. The results showed a prevalence of the upper maxilla with hypomandibulia (class II), hyperdivergency with short vertical ramus posterior and posterior rotation of the mandible in JIA children (SNB, ANB, NSL/ML, Fh/ML, NL/ML, ArGo, ML P < 0.0001, ML/Oc P < 0.004, ArGo/GoGn P = 0.02, no difference for SNA). The condyles of the JIA group resulted highly asymmetric (P < 0.0001). The growth pattern of JIA patients resulted clearly different from normal subjects. This serious impairment of the cranial growth may be considered as an indicator of the need for early and continuous orthognatodonthic therapy during the entire period of development for all JIA patients, independently from temporomandibular joint signs or symptoms. To this end, it is important that rheumatologists and orthognathodontists set up a multidisciplinary treatment planned to control the side effects of a deranged growing pattern, to strictly avoid any orthodontic therapies that may worsen function and growth, and to promote treatments improving the physiology and biology of the cranial development.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Rosangela Cannavale; Paola Dalmasso; Ingrid Tonni; Umberto Garagiola; Letizia Perillo; Alma Nunzia Olivieri. Cranial structure and condylar asymmetry of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a risky growth pattern. Clinical Rheumatology 2018, 37, 2667 -2673.

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Rosangela Cannavale, Paola Dalmasso, Ingrid Tonni, Umberto Garagiola, Letizia Perillo, Alma Nunzia Olivieri. Cranial structure and condylar asymmetry of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a risky growth pattern. Clinical Rheumatology. 2018; 37 (10):2667-2673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Rosangela Cannavale; Paola Dalmasso; Ingrid Tonni; Umberto Garagiola; Letizia Perillo; Alma Nunzia Olivieri. 2018. "Cranial structure and condylar asymmetry of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a risky growth pattern." Clinical Rheumatology 37, no. 10: 2667-2673.

Review
Published: 27 December 2017 in Oral Diseases
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The masticatory muscles achieve a broad range of different activities such as chewing, sucking, swallowing and speech. In order to accomplish these duties, masticatory muscles have a unique and heterogeneous structure and fibre composition, enabling them to produce their strength and contraction speed largely dependent on their motor units and myosin proteins that can change in response to genetic and environmental factors. Human masticatory muscles express unique myosin isoforms, including a combination of thick fibers, expressing myosin light chains (MyLC) and myosin class I and II heavy chains (MyHC) -IIA, -IIX, α-cardiac, embryonic and neonatal and thin fibers, respectively. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the importance of fiber-type diversity in masticatory muscles versus supra- and infrahyoid muscles, and versus limb and trunk muscles. We also highlight new information regarding the adaptive response and specific genetic variations of muscle fibers on the functional significance of the masticatory muscles, which influences craniofacial characteristics, malocclusions or asymmetry. These findings may offer future possibilities for the prevention of craniofacial growth disturbances. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Gaetano Isola; Giuseppe Anastasi; Giovanni Matarese; Ray C. Williams; Giuseppina Cutroneo; Pietro Bracco; Maria Grazia Piancino. Functional and molecular outcomes of the human masticatory muscles. Oral Diseases 2017, 24, 1428 -1441.

AMA Style

Gaetano Isola, Giuseppe Anastasi, Giovanni Matarese, Ray C. Williams, Giuseppina Cutroneo, Pietro Bracco, Maria Grazia Piancino. Functional and molecular outcomes of the human masticatory muscles. Oral Diseases. 2017; 24 (8):1428-1441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Isola; Giuseppe Anastasi; Giovanni Matarese; Ray C. Williams; Giuseppina Cutroneo; Pietro Bracco; Maria Grazia Piancino. 2017. "Functional and molecular outcomes of the human masticatory muscles." Oral Diseases 24, no. 8: 1428-1441.

Review
Published: 12 February 2017 in Archives of Oral Biology
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This critical review summarizes the current knowledge of the structural and functional characteristics of periodontal mechanoreceptors, and understands their role in the signal pathways and functional motor control. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Original articles were searched through Pubmed, Cochrane Central database and Embase until january 2016. 1466 articles were identified through database searching and screened by reviewing the abstracts. 160 full-text were assessed for eligibility, and after 109 exclusion, 51 articles were included in the review process. Studies selected by the review process were mainly divided in studies on animal and studies on humans. Morphological, histological, molecular and electrophysiological studies investigating the periodontal mechanoreceptors in animals and in humans were included, evaluated and described. Our knowledge of the periodontal mechanoreceptors, let us conclude that they are very refined neural receptors, deeply involved in the activation and coordination of the masticatory muscles during function. Strictly linked to the rigid structure of the teeth, they determine all the functional physiological and pathological processes of the stomatognathic system. The knowledge of their complex features is fundamental for all dental professionists. Further investigations are of utmost importance for guiding the technological advances in the respect of the neural control in the dental field.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Gaetano Isola; Rosangela Cannavale; Giuseppina Cutroneo; Giovanna Vermiglio; Pietro Bracco; Giuseppe Pio Anastasi. From periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic review. Archives of Oral Biology 2017, 78, 109 -121.

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Gaetano Isola, Rosangela Cannavale, Giuseppina Cutroneo, Giovanna Vermiglio, Pietro Bracco, Giuseppe Pio Anastasi. From periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic review. Archives of Oral Biology. 2017; 78 ():109-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Gaetano Isola; Rosangela Cannavale; Giuseppina Cutroneo; Giovanna Vermiglio; Pietro Bracco; Giuseppe Pio Anastasi. 2017. "From periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic review." Archives of Oral Biology 78, no. : 109-121.

Review
Published: 02 April 2016 in Journal of Orthodontics
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Objectives: The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to investigate methodological quality and outcome of current systematic reviews (SRs) reporting on orthopaedic treatment for class III malocclusion. Materials and methods: Computerized and manual searches were performed in Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Angle Orthodontist, European Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orthodontics, Conference abstracts and Grey literature. No restrictions were set on language or date of publication. The search covered the starting date of the relevant databases until 30 April 2015. MeSH terms and free-text terms included ‘malocclusion’, ‘Angle class III’, ‘orthodontic appliances’, ‘functional’, facemask, review and meta-analysis. Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the SRs and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR (assessment of multiple systematic reviews). Results: A total of 222 studies were retrieved and after removal of duplicates, irrelevant studies, literature reviews and surgical approach treatments, 14 SRs and/or meta-analyses were included for qualitative synthesis. Mean AMSTAR score was 7.7/11 with a range of 3–10. There was evidence to demonstrate that face mask therapy can move the maxilla forward whilst causing a backward rotation of the mandible and increased facial height. There was also some evidence of mandibular growth retardation with chin cup therapy. Conclusions: Orthopaedic appliances can improve a class III malocclusion in growing patients over the short-term; however, each appliance has a characteristic effect on the underlying skeletal pattern.

ACS Style

Abdolreza Jamilian; Rosangela Cannavale; Maria Grazia Piancino; Sara Eslami; Letizia Perillo. Methodological quality and outcome of systematic reviews reporting on orthopaedic treatment for class III malocclusion: Overview of systematic reviews. Journal of Orthodontics 2016, 43, 102 -120.

AMA Style

Abdolreza Jamilian, Rosangela Cannavale, Maria Grazia Piancino, Sara Eslami, Letizia Perillo. Methodological quality and outcome of systematic reviews reporting on orthopaedic treatment for class III malocclusion: Overview of systematic reviews. Journal of Orthodontics. 2016; 43 (2):102-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdolreza Jamilian; Rosangela Cannavale; Maria Grazia Piancino; Sara Eslami; Letizia Perillo. 2016. "Methodological quality and outcome of systematic reviews reporting on orthopaedic treatment for class III malocclusion: Overview of systematic reviews." Journal of Orthodontics 43, no. 2: 102-120.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2016 in Archives of Oral Biology
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•Before therapy, unilateral posterior crossbite showed evident effects on mastication.•Masseter muscle coordination and chewing kinematics were evaluated after therapy.•The percent difference between bilateral masseter activity significantly increased on the crossbite-side.•The percentage of reverse cycles significantly decreased after therapy.•Mastication after therapy showed a significant symmetrization between sides. AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematic in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC).DesignFifty children (age: mean ± SD: 9.1 ± 2.3 years) with UPC (34 on the right side, 16 on the left side) and twenty children (age: 9.5 ± 2.6 years) with normal occlusion were selected for the study. The mandibular motion and the muscular activity during chewing soft and hard boli were simultaneously recorded, before and after correction with function generating bite, after a mean treatment time of 7.3 ± 2.4 months plus the retention time of 5–6 months. The percentage of reverse cycles and the percent difference between ipsilateral and contralateral peaks of the masseter electromyography envelopes were computed.ResultsBefore therapy, the percentage of reverse cycles during chewing on the crossbite side was greater in patients than in controls (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced after therapy (P < 0.001) towards the reference normal value (soft bolus; pre: 57 ± 30%, post:12 ± 17%; hard bolus; pre: 65 ± 34%, post: 12 ± 13%; reference value: soft bolus 4 ± 2%, hard bolus 5 ± 3%). Before therapy the percent difference between electromyography envelope peaks in patients was lower than in controls (P < 0.01) and significantly increased after therapy (P < 0.05) becoming similar to the reference normal value.ConclusionsThe correction induced a normal-like coordination of masseter muscles activity together with a significant reduction of the reverse chewing patterns. The previous altered muscular activation corresponded to the altered kinematics of reverse chewing cycles that might be considered a useful indicator of the severity of the masticatory function involvement.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Deborah Falla; Andrea Merlo; Teresa Vallelonga; Corrado De Biase; Domenico Dalessandri; Cesare Debernardi. Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite. Archives of Oral Biology 2016, 67, 61 -67.

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Deborah Falla, Andrea Merlo, Teresa Vallelonga, Corrado De Biase, Domenico Dalessandri, Cesare Debernardi. Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite. Archives of Oral Biology. 2016; 67 ():61-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Deborah Falla; Andrea Merlo; Teresa Vallelonga; Corrado De Biase; Domenico Dalessandri; Cesare Debernardi. 2016. "Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite." Archives of Oral Biology 67, no. : 61-67.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
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Knowing that the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is highly susceptible to inflammatory alterations during growth, even in absence of symptomatology, and being the OPT a cost-benefit favorable imaging tool widespread in the dental field, the latter could be used as a first screening examination in JIA patients to calculate the condylar asymmetry index. The use of this screening tool will help the physicians in addressing the patients that should undergo a more detailed TMJ imaging to early detect TMJ abnormalities and to early set up a targeted therapy of the related cranial growth alterations.

ACS Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Rosangela Cannavale; Paola Dalmasso; Ingrid Tonni; Federica Filipello; Letizia Perillo; Marco Cattalini; Antonella Meini. Condylar asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Could it be a sign of a possible temporomandibular joints involvement? Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2015, 45, 208 -213.

AMA Style

Maria Grazia Piancino, Rosangela Cannavale, Paola Dalmasso, Ingrid Tonni, Federica Filipello, Letizia Perillo, Marco Cattalini, Antonella Meini. Condylar asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Could it be a sign of a possible temporomandibular joints involvement? Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2015; 45 (2):208-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Grazia Piancino; Rosangela Cannavale; Paola Dalmasso; Ingrid Tonni; Federica Filipello; Letizia Perillo; Marco Cattalini; Antonella Meini. 2015. "Condylar asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Could it be a sign of a possible temporomandibular joints involvement?" Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 45, no. 2: 208-213.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2013 in Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate, through clinical and electromyographic (EMG) assessments, the electric activity of masseter muscle and anterior temporalis muscles during clenching, before and after orthodontic treatment and mandibular setback, with or without LeFort I osteotomy, for correction of mandibular excess. Seventeen adult patients (10 males, 7 females, mean age: 22.5 ± 2.4 years) were recruited for this study. All patients received orthodontic treatment and surgical corrections. EMG recordings were obtained from 4 channels of the 8-channel electromyograph FREELY (DeGoetzen spa, Olgiate Olona, VA, Italy). A significant difference was found in the value of activity index at T0-T1 (33% T0, 1% T1) (P < .05), of asymmetry index at T0-T1 (21% T0, 4% T1) (P < .05), and of torque index at T0-T1 (24% T0, 5% T1) (P < .05). The evaluation of EMG activity after surgery may be considered a sign of good adaptation of the neuromuscular system to the new occlusal condition and a good method for detecting nonresponding patients who might require further treatment.

ACS Style

Gianluigi Frongia; Guglielmo Ramieri; Corrado De Biase; Pietro Bracco; Maria Grazia Piancino. Changes in electric activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles before and after orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 2013, 116, 398 -401.

AMA Style

Gianluigi Frongia, Guglielmo Ramieri, Corrado De Biase, Pietro Bracco, Maria Grazia Piancino. Changes in electric activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles before and after orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. 2013; 116 (4):398-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gianluigi Frongia; Guglielmo Ramieri; Corrado De Biase; Pietro Bracco; Maria Grazia Piancino. 2013. "Changes in electric activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles before and after orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 116, no. 4: 398-401.