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The rapid development of nanotechnology and its widespread use have given rise to serious concerns over the potential adverse impacts of nanomaterials on the Earth’s ecosystems. Among all the nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most extensively used nanomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property. However, the toxic mechanism of AgNPs in nature is still unclear. One of the questions under debate is whether the toxicity is associated with the size of AgNPs or the silver ions released from AgNPs. In our previous study, a sub-micron hybrid sphere system with polydopamine-stabilized AgNPs ([email protected]) was synthesized through a facile and green method, exhibiting superior antibacterial properties. The current study aims to explore the unique toxicity profile of this hybrid sphere system by studying its effect on germination and early growth of Lolium multiflorum, with AgNO3 and 15 nm AgNPs as a comparison. The results showed the seed germination was insensitive/less sensitive to all three reagents; however, vegetative growth was more sensitive. Specifically, when the Ag concentration was lower than 40 mg/L, [email protected] almost had no adverse effects on the root and shoot growth of Lolium multiflorum seeds. By contrast, when treated with AgNO3 at a lower Ag concentration of 5 mg/L, the plant growth was inhibited significantly, and was reduced more in the case of AgNP treatment at the same Ag concentration. As the exposures of [email protected], AgNO3, and AgNPs increased, so did the Ag content in the root and shoot. In general, [email protected] was proven to be a potential useful hybrid material that retains antibacterial property with light phytotoxicity.
Xinrui Wang; Hongyong Luo; Weihua Zheng; Xinling Wang; Haijun Xiao; Zhen Zheng. Effects of Polydopamine Microspheres Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles on Lolium multiflorum: Bigger Size, Less Toxic. Toxics 2021, 9, 151 .
AMA StyleXinrui Wang, Hongyong Luo, Weihua Zheng, Xinling Wang, Haijun Xiao, Zhen Zheng. Effects of Polydopamine Microspheres Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles on Lolium multiflorum: Bigger Size, Less Toxic. Toxics. 2021; 9 (7):151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinrui Wang; Hongyong Luo; Weihua Zheng; Xinling Wang; Haijun Xiao; Zhen Zheng. 2021. "Effects of Polydopamine Microspheres Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles on Lolium multiflorum: Bigger Size, Less Toxic." Toxics 9, no. 7: 151.
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is a highly attractive strategy that promotes bone tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combination effect of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone repair capacity in rabbits with large humeral bone defect. Precise cylindrical bone defects of 10 mm diameter and 5 mm depth were established in rabbit humeral bones, which were unable to be repaired under natural conditions. The rabbits received treatment with M-MSCs/PRP gel, M-MSCs gel, or PRP gel, or no treatment. The bone tissue regeneration was evaluated at day 0–90 after surgery by HE morphological staining, Lane-Sandhu histopathological scoring, tetracycline detection, Gomori staining and micro-computed tomography. Beyond that, Transwell assay, CCK8 assay, Western blot analysis and ALP activity detection were performed in M-MSCs in vitro with or without PRP application to detect the molecular effects of PRP on M-MSCs. We found that the repair effect of M-MSCs group or PRP group was limited and the bone defects were not completely closed at post-operation 90 d. In contrast, M-MSCs/PRP group received obvious filling in the bone defects with a Lane-Sandhu evaluation score of 9. Tetracycline-labeled new bone area in M-MSCs/PRP group and new mineralized bone area were significantly larger than that in other groups. Micro-computed tomography result of M-MSCs/PRP group displayed complete recovery of humeral bone at post-operation 90 d. Further in vitro experiment revealed that PRP significantly induced migration, enhanced the growth, and promoted the expression of Cbfa-1 and Coll I in M-MSCs. In conclusion, PRP application significantly enhanced the regeneration capacity of M-MSCs in large bone defect via promoting the migration and proliferation of M-MSCs, and also inducing the osteogenic differentiation.
Nuo Yin; Yifei Wang; Liang Ding; Junjie Yuan; Li Du; Zhongsheng Zhu; Mingmang Pan; Feng Xue; Haijun Xiao. Platelet-rich plasma enhances the repair capacity of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells to large humeral bone defect in rabbits. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -13.
AMA StyleNuo Yin, Yifei Wang, Liang Ding, Junjie Yuan, Li Du, Zhongsheng Zhu, Mingmang Pan, Feng Xue, Haijun Xiao. Platelet-rich plasma enhances the repair capacity of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells to large humeral bone defect in rabbits. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuo Yin; Yifei Wang; Liang Ding; Junjie Yuan; Li Du; Zhongsheng Zhu; Mingmang Pan; Feng Xue; Haijun Xiao. 2020. "Platelet-rich plasma enhances the repair capacity of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells to large humeral bone defect in rabbits." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-13.
Open reduction and plate fixation have been widely used for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures (DMCF). The nonunion rate after plate fixation of DMCF has been reported to be between 0.1 and 15% and the construct failure rate is approximately 5%. Few studies have discussed the risk factors of construct failure. The aim of the present study was to identify possible risk factors of construct failure in plate fixation of DMCF and discuss the subsequent treatment strategies. Six patients who experienced plate breakage and clavicle nonunion between 2015 and 2017 were evaluated. All these patients were treated with open reduction and plate fixation of DMCF using a 3.5-mm locking compression plate. The plate breakage occurred 3–6 months after the initial injury. After the diagnosis of plate breakage, four patients underwent surgical management and two patients underwent nonoperative treatment. Potential risk factors for construct failure and efficacy of the subsequent treatment strategies were analyzed. We found that a risk factor for plate breakage was the increased stress in free hole area around the fracture zone. A second surgery for plate renewal and bone grafting may be necessary in a large percentage of these individuals. Based on the results of this study, our recommendation is that monocortical screws or simple obturators for the holes around the fracture zone should be used to protect the comminuted fragment for further damage and enhance plate strength. If a clavicle nonunion and plate breakage does occur, surgical repair and bone grafting provide high union rates and should be a necessary remedy.
Xiaoyan Huang; Haijun Xiao; Feng Xue. Clavicle nonunion and plate breakage after locking compression plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2019, 19, 308 -312.
AMA StyleXiaoyan Huang, Haijun Xiao, Feng Xue. Clavicle nonunion and plate breakage after locking compression plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2019; 19 (1):308-312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoyan Huang; Haijun Xiao; Feng Xue. 2019. "Clavicle nonunion and plate breakage after locking compression plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures." Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 19, no. 1: 308-312.
In the paper, graphene oxide (GO) and two kinds of styrenic resins, poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) and maleic anhydride (MA) grafted SEBS (MA-g-SEBS), were utilized to explore the interfacial interaction of carbon-based materials and block copolymers as layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly films. The details of the interlayer interaction of the two kinds of composite films were investigated through the analysis of the mechanical properties and internal structure of the composites. For the SEBS/GO composite film, the “interlock” structure tended to form between the GO sheets and SEBS resin, and the physical “interlocking effect” could make full use of the excellent mechanical properties of GO nanosheets. As a result, both failure strength and elongation at break of the SEBS/GO composite film were enhanced by 50 and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, some different structures were found in the MA-g-SEBS/GO composite film, where the GO sheets stacked onto the resin closely because of the chemical interaction between them and no obvious “interlocks” was found within the interface, and the chemical interface interaction was strong enough to prevent the slide of GO nanosheets under tension after the graphene sheets were highly oxidized, so the mechanical properties of the MA-g-SEBS/GO composite film could be also enhanced. Based on an overall consideration of the research results of these LBL assembled composites, choosing more perfect materials and structures is needed, which should use physical and chemical interfacial interactions more efficiently, to obtain better mechanical properties of inorganic carbon–organic resin composites.
Kun Lei; Chidao Zhang; Xinling Wang; Yunlong Sun; Haijun Xiao; Zhen Zheng. Interlock or Chemical Bond: Investigation on the Interface of Graphene Oxide and Styrenic Block Copolymers as Layer-by-Layer Films. ACS Omega 2019, 4, 9120 -9128.
AMA StyleKun Lei, Chidao Zhang, Xinling Wang, Yunlong Sun, Haijun Xiao, Zhen Zheng. Interlock or Chemical Bond: Investigation on the Interface of Graphene Oxide and Styrenic Block Copolymers as Layer-by-Layer Films. ACS Omega. 2019; 4 (5):9120-9128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKun Lei; Chidao Zhang; Xinling Wang; Yunlong Sun; Haijun Xiao; Zhen Zheng. 2019. "Interlock or Chemical Bond: Investigation on the Interface of Graphene Oxide and Styrenic Block Copolymers as Layer-by-Layer Films." ACS Omega 4, no. 5: 9120-9128.
Acquired heterotopic ossification (HO), the ectopic formation of bone in soft tissues, is a common cause of joint pain and confined motion. The pathogenesis of HO must be better understood to find a better prophylactic method. In the first part, we designed the brain-traumatic/burn/tenotomy rat model and testified its efficacy as HO model. 44 rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. After operation, the bilateral tendons of 2 rats were collected at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th weeks to determine the expression levels of p65. Additionally, the remaining rats were exposed to X-Ray examination at the 10th week. In the second part, 124 rats were randomly divided into four groups based on the administration dosage of Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC).Then, three rats of each group were euthanized every week in the first seven weeks to collect tendon to detect the expression levels of p65 by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. The remaining rats were exposed to X-Ray examination at the 10th week to assess the size of HO before being euthanized for HE staining. The success rate of Brain-traumatic/Burn/Tenotomy model was 100%. Pharmacologic inhibition of Nf-ҝb signaling pathway by PDTC could significantly reduce the expression levels of p53 and the size of HO, and the reduction was most significant in the 0.6mg dosage group. Brain-traumatic/Burn/Tenotomy model was highly reliable HO model. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb signaling pathway by PDTC could significantly reduce HO formation, and the most effective concentration was 6 mg/ml for local injection.
Jinyong Ju; Du Yu; Feng Xue; Yong Zhao; Weizhe Shi; Mingmang Pan; Guo Tang; Haijun Xiao. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model. Connective Tissue Research 2018, 60, 304 -310.
AMA StyleJinyong Ju, Du Yu, Feng Xue, Yong Zhao, Weizhe Shi, Mingmang Pan, Guo Tang, Haijun Xiao. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model. Connective Tissue Research. 2018; 60 (3):304-310.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinyong Ju; Du Yu; Feng Xue; Yong Zhao; Weizhe Shi; Mingmang Pan; Guo Tang; Haijun Xiao. 2018. "Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model." Connective Tissue Research 60, no. 3: 304-310.
Background. To find a better prophylactic regimen, the pathogenesis of acquired heterotopic ossification (AHO) must be more understood. To date, AHO formation is largely thought to be related to inflammation, which is activated by trauma, resulting in AHO by up-regulation of pro-osteogenic genes. Methods. Brain-traumatic/burn/tenotomy model is firstly used in experiment. At first, 44 rats were randomly divided into two groups: E group and C group. Two rats in every group were euthanized during second, third, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth weeks for collecting tendon. The remaining rats survived until tenth week for X-Ray radiation examination to confirm the size of AHO.Then, 124 rats were randomly divided into four group: P group, L group, M group, H group. The three rats of every group were euthanized during every week of the first seven weeks for collecting tendon to detect P65 protein. The remaining rats survived until tenth week for X-Ray examination to confirm the size of AHO. Results. The success rate of Brain-traumatic/Burn/Tenotomy model is 100%. Difference of P65 expression in E group and in C group are statistically significant,and that in E group is higher.Pharmacologic inhibition of Nf-ҝb signaling pathway limits AHO formation, and that The bone formation content of M group is decreased. Conclusion. Brain-traumatic/Burn/Tenotomy model is highly reliable.Results indicate that the Nf-ҝb /p65 signaling response occurs in the forming process of AHO. PDTC limits formation of AHO. The most effective concentration is 6mg/ml for local injection.
Jinyong Ju; Du Yu; Feng Xue; Yong Zhao; Weizhe Shi; Mingmang Pan; Guo Tang; Hai‑Jun Xiao. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleJinyong Ju, Du Yu, Feng Xue, Yong Zhao, Weizhe Shi, Mingmang Pan, Guo Tang, Hai‑Jun Xiao. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinyong Ju; Du Yu; Feng Xue; Yong Zhao; Weizhe Shi; Mingmang Pan; Guo Tang; Hai‑Jun Xiao. 2017. "Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model." , no. : 1.
Background. To find a better prophylactic regimen, the pathogenesis of acquired heterotopic ossification (AHO) must be more understood. To date, AHO formation is largely thought to be related to inflammation, which is activated by trauma, resulting in AHO by up-regulation of pro-osteogenic genes. Methods. Brain-traumatic/burn/tenotomy model is firstly used in experiment. At first, 44 rats were randomly divided into two groups: E group and C group. Two rats in every group were euthanized during second, third, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth weeks for collecting tendon. The remaining rats survived until tenth week for X-Ray radiation examination to confirm the size of AHO.Then, 124 rats were randomly divided into four group: P group, L group, M group, H group. The three rats of every group were euthanized during every week of the first seven weeks for collecting tendon to detect P65 protein. The remaining rats survived until tenth week for X-Ray examination to confirm the size of AHO. Results. The success rate of Brain-traumatic/Burn/Tenotomy model is 100%. Difference of P65 expression in E group and in C group are statistically significant,and that in E group is higher.Pharmacologic inhibition of Nf-ҝb signaling pathway limits AHO formation, and that The bone formation content of M group is decreased. Conclusion. Brain-traumatic/Burn/Tenotomy model is highly reliable.Results indicate that the Nf-ҝb /p65 signaling response occurs in the forming process of AHO. PDTC limits formation of AHO. The most effective concentration is 6mg/ml for local injection.
Jinyong Ju; Du Yu; Feng Xue; Yong Zhao; Weizhe Shi; Mingmang Pan; Guo Tang; Haijun Xiao. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleJinyong Ju, Du Yu, Feng Xue, Yong Zhao, Weizhe Shi, Mingmang Pan, Guo Tang, Haijun Xiao. Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinyong Ju; Du Yu; Feng Xue; Yong Zhao; Weizhe Shi; Mingmang Pan; Guo Tang; Haijun Xiao. 2017. "Inhibition of Nf-ҝb prevents trauma-induced heterotopic ossification in rat model." , no. : 1.
Du Yu; Haijun Xiao; Weizhe Shi; Jinyong Ju. [EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR SENILE CHRONIC SHOULDER DISLOCATION]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 2015, 29, 1 .
AMA StyleDu Yu, Haijun Xiao, Weizhe Shi, Jinyong Ju. [EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR SENILE CHRONIC SHOULDER DISLOCATION]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery. 2015; 29 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu Yu; Haijun Xiao; Weizhe Shi; Jinyong Ju. 2015. "[EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR SENILE CHRONIC SHOULDER DISLOCATION]." Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 29, no. 9: 1.
Weizhe Shi; Haijun Xiao; Feng Xue; Jiang Wu. [Dynamic changes of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in heterotopic ossification of rat model]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 2014, 28, 1 .
AMA StyleWeizhe Shi, Haijun Xiao, Feng Xue, Jiang Wu. [Dynamic changes of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in heterotopic ossification of rat model]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery. 2014; 28 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeizhe Shi; Haijun Xiao; Feng Xue; Jiang Wu. 2014. "[Dynamic changes of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in heterotopic ossification of rat model]." Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 28, no. 9: 1.
Jiang Wu; Haijun Xiao; Feng Xue; Weizhe Shi; Hang Zhao. [Effects of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on heterotopic ossification in rat model with Achilles tenotomy]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 2014, 28, 1 .
AMA StyleJiang Wu, Haijun Xiao, Feng Xue, Weizhe Shi, Hang Zhao. [Effects of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on heterotopic ossification in rat model with Achilles tenotomy]. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery. 2014; 28 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang Wu; Haijun Xiao; Feng Xue; Weizhe Shi; Hang Zhao. 2014. "[Effects of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on heterotopic ossification in rat model with Achilles tenotomy]." Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 28, no. 3: 1.
Feng Xue; Lei-Zi Chai; Hai-Jun Xiao; Liang Ding; Yu-Chun Shen; Yong Zhao. [Treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with unilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation]. Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology 2013, 26, 1 .
AMA StyleFeng Xue, Lei-Zi Chai, Hai-Jun Xiao, Liang Ding, Yu-Chun Shen, Yong Zhao. [Treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with unilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation]. Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology. 2013; 26 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng Xue; Lei-Zi Chai; Hai-Jun Xiao; Liang Ding; Yu-Chun Shen; Yong Zhao. 2013. "[Treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with unilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation]." Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology 26, no. 11: 1.
Feature Article Zhimin He, MD; Yang Liu, MD; Feng Xue, MD; Haijun Xiao, MD; Wen Yuan, MD; Deyu Chen, MD Congenital cervical kyphosis is a rare clinical condition. The purpose of this study was to review the surgical management and outcomes of 12 consecutive cases of congenital cervical kyphosis management by the same surgical team. The authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 12 patients (5 men and 7 women) with an average age of 18.4 years (range, 15–31 years) who underwent surgery for congenital cervical kyphosis at the authors’ institution between 2001 and 2005. All patients had congenital cervical kyphosis; those with secondary kyphosis deformity due to causes such as infection, tumors, and surgery were excluded. The indications for surgery were signs of spinal cord compression with progression of clinical symptoms such as decreased muscle strength and paresthesia. All patients had radiographic evidence of cervical kyphosis. Six patients underwent anterior decompression, autogenous bone grafting, and instrumentation, and the other 6 patients underwent combined anterior–posterior surgery. All surgeries were performed successfully with no complications. Bone graft fusion occurred in 11 patients. In 1 patient who underwent anterior surgery, the bone graft was partly absorbed, and pseudarthrosis was noted at 3 years postoperatively. Mean Japan Orthopaedic Association cervical myelopathy score and mean Cobb angle were significantly improved at 1 week and 1 year postoperatively compared with preoperative values. Anterior and combined anterior–posterior surgical approaches are useful for the correction of congenital cervical kyphosis. Bone graft fusion is also critical for maintaining the surgical correction. Choice of surgical methods depends on the patient’s clinical condition. Drs He, Xue, and Xiao are from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, and Drs Liu, Yuan, and Chen are from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. Drs He, Liu, Xue, Xiao, Yuan, and Chen have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Correspondence should be addressed to: Wen Yuan, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Rd, Shanghai, China, 200003 ([email protected]). Cervical kyphosis is relatively common and can be due to infection, tumors, or surgery; however, congenital cervical kyphosis is rare and seldom reported. Congenital cervical kyphosis is defined as kyphosis induced by an abnormal vertebral body, including congenital failure of formation (type I), congenital failure of segmentation (type II), and mixed failure (type III).1–4 Neurological symptoms can be caused by spinal cord compression or displacement because of accelerated degeneration of the cervical abnormalities. Paralysis often occurs in severe cases.1–4 Significant congenital kyphosis is often associated with other congenital disorders, such as neurofibromatosis I, Larsen syndrome, and diastrophic dysplasia.1,5,6 Congenital cervical kyphosis is not typically diagnosed until neurological symptoms occur. Treatment for congenital cervical kyphosis can range from expectant management with close monitoring of neurological function to palliative halo immobilization and traction.2 Surgical management is required in cases of significant neurological dysfunction when conservative treatments are ineffective.7 The rationale for the surgical treatment of congenital cervical kyphosis is that surgery can relieve the nerve compression from the anterior or posterior cervical spinal, completely or partially restore normal cervical physiological curvature, and improve the appearance of the cervical vertebrae. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the clinical characteristics, surgical strategies, complications, and outcomes of 12 patients with congenital cervical kyphosis who underwent surgery by the same surgical team over a 4-year period. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Shanghai Fengxian Center Hospital. Informed consent from patients was waived by the committee due to the retrospective nature of the study. A total of 12 patients who underwent surgery for congenital cervical kyphosis at the hospital between 2001 and 2005 were included in the study. Patients with secondary kyphosis due to infection, tumors, and surgery were excluded. Indications for surgery were signs of spinal cord compression such as decreased muscle strength and paresthesia. All patients had radiographic evidence of cervical kyphosis. The cervical kyphosis angle (Cobb angle) was measured on lateral cervical spine radiographs. A negative angle indicated kyphosis and a positive angle indicated lordosis. The angle was measured between the upper endplate line of the vertebral body above and lower endplate line of the vertebral body below the deformed apical vertebra (or intervertebral space) (Figure 1). All patients underwent cervical spine computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging. Kyphosis type was determined based on radiographic findings. Figure 1: Radiograph showing determination of the kyphosis Cobb angle. Preoperative skull traction was used in 9 cases. Preoperative skull traction was used to judge the flexibility of the deformity, partially correct the Cobb angle of kyphosis to improve the correction rate, and decrease contracture of the anterior soft tissues as much as possible. Traction was applied with a weight of 5 to 15 kg for 6 to 15 days. Cervical spine lateral radiographs were performed every 3 days to evaluate the improvement of the deformity. Traction was discontinued in 1 patient because of increased symptoms (Figure 2). In the other 3 patients, preoperative skull traction was not performed because the kyphosis angle was relatively small. Figure 2:...
Zhimin He; Yang Liu; Feng Xue; Haijun Xiao; Wen Yuan; Deyu Chen. Surgical Management of Congenital Cervical Kyphosis. Orthopedics 2012, 35, e1396 -401.
AMA StyleZhimin He, Yang Liu, Feng Xue, Haijun Xiao, Wen Yuan, Deyu Chen. Surgical Management of Congenital Cervical Kyphosis. Orthopedics. 2012; 35 (9):e1396-401.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhimin He; Yang Liu; Feng Xue; Haijun Xiao; Wen Yuan; Deyu Chen. 2012. "Surgical Management of Congenital Cervical Kyphosis." Orthopedics 35, no. 9: e1396-401.