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Hubert Hirwa
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Review
Published: 07 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Given the impact of COVID-19 and the desert locust plague, the Ethiopian food security issue has once again received widespread attention. Its food crisis requires comprehensive and systematic research to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger. This review discusses the current situation and the causes of food security in Ethiopia. We focus on the challenges in the food security assessment field. The article lists seven typical causes of food insecurity and three roots of food security in Ethiopia. Long-term food security assessment and a comprehensive understanding and manageability for food security causes are considered as the main existing research challenges. Climate-resilient management, water management, and long-term ecosystem network monitoring and data mining are suggested as potential roadmap for future research.

ACS Style

Yu Peng; Hubert Hirwa; Qiuying Zhang; Guoqin Wang; Fadong Li. Dryland Food Security in Ethiopia: Current Status, Opportunities, and a Roadmap for the Future. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6503 .

AMA Style

Yu Peng, Hubert Hirwa, Qiuying Zhang, Guoqin Wang, Fadong Li. Dryland Food Security in Ethiopia: Current Status, Opportunities, and a Roadmap for the Future. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Peng; Hubert Hirwa; Qiuying Zhang; Guoqin Wang; Fadong Li. 2021. "Dryland Food Security in Ethiopia: Current Status, Opportunities, and a Roadmap for the Future." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6503.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Water is the key limiting factor in socioeconomic and ecological development, but it is adversely affected by climate change. The novel virtual water (VW) concept and water, energy, food, biodiversity, and human health (WEFBH) nexus approach are powerful tools to assess the sustainability of a region through the lens of climate change. Climate change-related challenges and water are complex and intertwined. This paper analyzed the significant WEFBH sectors using the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. The AHP model demonstrated quantitative relationships among WEFBH nexus sustainability indicators in the Greater Horn of Africa countries. Besides, the net VW imports and water footprints of major staple crops were assessed. The composite WEFBH nexus indices varied from 0.10 to 0.14. The water footprint of crops is increasing period by period. The results also revealed that most countries in the study area are facing WEFBH domains unsustainability due to weak planning or improper management strategies. The strong policy constancy among the WEFBH sector is vital for dissociating the high-water consumption from crop production, energy, environmental, and human health system. Thus, this study enhances insights into the interdependencies, interconnectedness, and interactions of sectors thereby strengthening the coordination, complementarities, and synergies among them. To attain sustainable development, we urgently call all public and private entities to value the amount of VW used in their daily activities and design better policies on the complex WEFBH nexus and future climate change.

ACS Style

Hubert Hirwa; Qiuying Zhang; Yunfeng Qiao; Yu Peng; Peifang Leng; Chao Tian; Sayidjakhon Khasanov; Fadong Li; Alphonse Kayiranga; Fabien Muhirwa; Auguste Itangishaka; Gabriel Habiyaremye; Jean Ngamije. Insights on Water and Climate Change in the Greater Horn of Africa: Connecting Virtual Water and Water-Energy-Food-Biodiversity-Health Nexus. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6483 .

AMA Style

Hubert Hirwa, Qiuying Zhang, Yunfeng Qiao, Yu Peng, Peifang Leng, Chao Tian, Sayidjakhon Khasanov, Fadong Li, Alphonse Kayiranga, Fabien Muhirwa, Auguste Itangishaka, Gabriel Habiyaremye, Jean Ngamije. Insights on Water and Climate Change in the Greater Horn of Africa: Connecting Virtual Water and Water-Energy-Food-Biodiversity-Health Nexus. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hubert Hirwa; Qiuying Zhang; Yunfeng Qiao; Yu Peng; Peifang Leng; Chao Tian; Sayidjakhon Khasanov; Fadong Li; Alphonse Kayiranga; Fabien Muhirwa; Auguste Itangishaka; Gabriel Habiyaremye; Jean Ngamije. 2021. "Insights on Water and Climate Change in the Greater Horn of Africa: Connecting Virtual Water and Water-Energy-Food-Biodiversity-Health Nexus." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6483.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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River ecosystems are under increasing stress in the background of global change and ever-growing anthropogenic impacts in Central Asia. However, available water quality data in this region are insufficient for a reliable assessment of the current status, which come as no surprise that the limited knowledge of regulating processes for further prediction of solute variations hinders the development of sustainable management strategies. Here, we analyzed a dataset of various water quality variables from two sampling campaigns in 2019 in the catchments of two major rivers in Central Asia—the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers. Our results suggested high spatial heterogeneity of salinity and major ion components along the longitudinal directions in both river catchments, pointing to an increasing influence of human activities toward downstream areas. We linked the modeling outputs from the global nutrient model (IMAGE-GNM) to riverine nutrients to elucidate the effect of different natural and anthropogenic sources in dictating the longitudinal variations of the riverine nutrient concentrations (N and P). Diffuse nutrient loadings dominated the export flux into the rivers, whereas leaching and surface runoff constituted the major fractions for N and P, respectively. Discharge of agricultural irrigation water into the rivers was the major cause of the increases in nutrients and salinity. Given that the conditions in Central Asia are highly susceptible to climate change, our findings call for more efforts to establish holistic management of water quality.

ACS Style

Peifang Leng; Qiuying Zhang; Fadong Li; Rashid Kulmatov; Guoqin Wang; Yunfeng Qiao; Jianqi Wang; Yu Peng; Chao Tian; Nong Zhu; Hubert Hirwa; Sayidjakhon Khasanov. Agricultural impacts drive longitudinal variations of riverine water quality of the Aral Sea basin (Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers), Central Asia. Environmental Pollution 2021, 284, 117405 .

AMA Style

Peifang Leng, Qiuying Zhang, Fadong Li, Rashid Kulmatov, Guoqin Wang, Yunfeng Qiao, Jianqi Wang, Yu Peng, Chao Tian, Nong Zhu, Hubert Hirwa, Sayidjakhon Khasanov. Agricultural impacts drive longitudinal variations of riverine water quality of the Aral Sea basin (Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers), Central Asia. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 284 ():117405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peifang Leng; Qiuying Zhang; Fadong Li; Rashid Kulmatov; Guoqin Wang; Yunfeng Qiao; Jianqi Wang; Yu Peng; Chao Tian; Nong Zhu; Hubert Hirwa; Sayidjakhon Khasanov. 2021. "Agricultural impacts drive longitudinal variations of riverine water quality of the Aral Sea basin (Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers), Central Asia." Environmental Pollution 284, no. : 117405.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Arid areas are widespread globally and support a third of the world's population's livelihoods. The increasing population, urbanization, land-use changes, and the climate significantly affect coupled natural and human systems and threaten environments and socio-ecological land systems. The degradation of drylands poses a severe and widespread threat to the lives of millions of people, especially in developing countries and in the global environment. This review assesses published literature on dryland socio-ecological systems to reveal current research trends and changes in research themes over time and introduces basic theories and advances in dryland socio-ecological system frameworks, resilience measurement, and regime shifts. Developing a more general but adaptable framework and a more practical strategy for long-term coordination and partnership and attaining specific insights into ecological services should receive more attention and be strengthened in future studies on drylands sustainability.

ACS Style

Peng Yu; Zhang Qiuying; Chen Yuanzhan; Xu Ning; Qiao Yunfeng; Tian Chao; Hubert Hirwa; Salif Diop; Aliou Guisse; Li Fadong. Resilience, Adaptability, and Regime Shifts Thinking: A Perspective of Dryland Socio-Ecology System. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2021, 12, 376 -383.

AMA Style

Peng Yu, Zhang Qiuying, Chen Yuanzhan, Xu Ning, Qiao Yunfeng, Tian Chao, Hubert Hirwa, Salif Diop, Aliou Guisse, Li Fadong. Resilience, Adaptability, and Regime Shifts Thinking: A Perspective of Dryland Socio-Ecology System. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2021; 12 (3):376-383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Yu; Zhang Qiuying; Chen Yuanzhan; Xu Ning; Qiao Yunfeng; Tian Chao; Hubert Hirwa; Salif Diop; Aliou Guisse; Li Fadong. 2021. "Resilience, Adaptability, and Regime Shifts Thinking: A Perspective of Dryland Socio-Ecology System." Journal of Resources and Ecology 12, no. 3: 376-383.

Article
Published: 21 January 2021
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Humanity is facing an increasing challenge with respect to water scarcity (WS). This issue is driven by climate change, population growth, and socioeconomic growth combined with inadequate water resources management. In particular, there is considerable concern over virtual water (VW) transfers, which pose difficulties for water resources and food security sustainability. In this study, we assessed the i) VW content of crops, ii) VW flows, iii) WS, iv) water dependency (WD), v) water self-sufficiency, and vi) water savings/losses in African countries at different time series. We also addressed censorious issues and challenges for sustainable development in water-scarce regions. The results showed that the average net VW import was positive (108.9 x 10^9 m3/a). The WS values for East African countries were > 100, indicating overexploitation. In addition, the overall WD in Africa was 4655% in recent years. The trade of main grains between Africa and the rest of the planet corresponded to a global water loss of 2820.7 x 10^9 m3/a. However, a shift was observed in the ranking of commodities imported from one region to another owing to the evolution of a country’s economic development. The VW export of a country depended on the population size, gross domestic product, agricultural production, and area of arable land. Finally, we highlight opportunities for enhancing water use efficiency by increasing food production in water-scarce regions, thereby contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.

ACS Style

Hubert Hirwa; Yu Peng; Qiuying Zhang; Yunfeng Qiao; Peifang Leng; Chao Tian; Guang Yang; Fabien Muhirwa; Salif Diop; Alphonse Kayiranga; Li Fadong. Sustainable Virtual Water Transfers: A Comparative Assessment of the Topical Condition of Water Scarcity and Water Savings in Africa. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Hubert Hirwa, Yu Peng, Qiuying Zhang, Yunfeng Qiao, Peifang Leng, Chao Tian, Guang Yang, Fabien Muhirwa, Salif Diop, Alphonse Kayiranga, Li Fadong. Sustainable Virtual Water Transfers: A Comparative Assessment of the Topical Condition of Water Scarcity and Water Savings in Africa. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hubert Hirwa; Yu Peng; Qiuying Zhang; Yunfeng Qiao; Peifang Leng; Chao Tian; Guang Yang; Fabien Muhirwa; Salif Diop; Alphonse Kayiranga; Li Fadong. 2021. "Sustainable Virtual Water Transfers: A Comparative Assessment of the Topical Condition of Water Scarcity and Water Savings in Africa." , no. : 1.