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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Iris Gräßler studied mechanical engineering, received her doctorate degree and her qualification as a professor at the RWTH Aachen University. After thirteen years as a manager at Robert Bosch GmbH in product creation, she has held the Chair for Product Creation at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of Paderborn University since 2013. Her research focus lies on sustainable product creation of product-service systems based on mechatronic and cyber-physical systems. She is member of the WiGeP and the Advisory Boards of the Design Society, VDI/VDE GMA, Application Center Industry 4.0 Potsdam, Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH and ASIIN accreditation agency.
The linear economic model behind contemporary product lifecycle representations contradicts planetary boundaries and the idea of sustainability. At the same time, Circular Economy (CE) driven models lack consideration of profound technological insights. Based on observations in research and the application of projects of different industries, a quantitative and qualitative literature analysis is applied to identify both strengths and shortcomings of current lifecycle models. These findings are used to create lifecycle model portfolios and to derive a generic Product Lifecycle model (gPLC). The gPLC is validated by three industrial cases based on collaborative research projects. In practice, resource and energy consumption as well as waste production and emissions can be minimized with the help of established methods not only by economists, but also by engineers. Transparency of material and information circularity practically implies the opportunity to implement, for instance, Minimum Viable Products and DevOps approaches. The originality of the gPLC is characterized by three main aspects: first, material and information flows of multi-disciplinary product–service systems are recognized as the foundation for a modern CE; second, a differentiation between product classes and instances is elaborated to stimulate sustainable design of material core products and digital CE business models; and third, the stakeholder perspective is expanded from manufacturer and consumer/user to further perspectives, such as recycler and society.
Iris Gräßler; Jens Pottebaum. Generic Product Lifecycle Model: A Holistic and Adaptable Approach for Multi-Disciplinary Product–Service Systems. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4516 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, Jens Pottebaum. Generic Product Lifecycle Model: A Holistic and Adaptable Approach for Multi-Disciplinary Product–Service Systems. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (10):4516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; Jens Pottebaum. 2021. "Generic Product Lifecycle Model: A Holistic and Adaptable Approach for Multi-Disciplinary Product–Service Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10: 4516.
Technische Systeme des Maschinenbaus haben in den letzten Dekaden branchenübergreifend einen Wandel von ursprünglich kinematisch über hydraulisch, pneumatisch hin zu elektronisch angesteuerten und geregelten Systemen vollzogen. Hieraus resultiert der Bedarf, die disziplinspezifisch und historisch gewachsenen Begriffs- und Denkwelten zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen und zu synthetisieren. Unter dem Anspruch der industriellen Umsetzbarkeit werden in diesem Beitrag zentrale Referenzmodelle der Produktentstehung analysiert und in einem ersten Schritt synthetisiert. Hierfür wird zunächst der Handlungsrahmen Produktentstehung definiert und abgegrenzt. Auf der Grundlage der industriell verbreiteten ganzheitlichen Produktionssysteme wird ein ganzheitliches Produktentstehungssystem (PES) entwickelt. Das Produktentstehungssystem dient als Rahmen für die vergleichende Bewertung und die umsetzungsorientierte Synthese existierender mechatronischer Referenzmodelle. Hiermit wird der gemeinsame Kern identifiziert und die Grundlage zur Entwicklung eines übergeordneten multidisziplinären Referenzmodells geschaffen.
Iris Gräßler. Umsetzungsorienterte Synthese mechatronischer Referenzmodelle. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Umsetzungsorienterte Synthese mechatronischer Referenzmodelle. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2021. "Umsetzungsorienterte Synthese mechatronischer Referenzmodelle." , no. : 1.
Requirement changes and cascading effects of change propagation are major sources of inefficiencies in product development and increase the risk of project failure. Risk management regarding these requirement changes yields the potential to handle such changes efficiently. Currently unlocked, a systematic approach is required for risk management to assess the risk of a requirement change with appropriate effort in industrial application. Within the paper at hand, a novel method for systematic assessment of requirement change risk is presented. It is developed in a multiple case study approach with three product development projects from different industrial branches. The change risk is assessed by combining change likelihood and change impact. Propagation effects are considered by analyzing requirement interrelations. To limit application effort, a tailorable approach towards assessment of change causes based on generalized influence factors and a pre-defined rule set for semi-automatized assessment of requirements interrelations is used. A software prototype is developed and implemented to enable evaluation and transfer to industrial application. The approach is evaluated using a combination of case study projects, stakeholder workshops, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Applying the method, the risks of requirement changes are assessed systematically, and subsequent risk management is enabled. The contribution at hand opens up the research space of risk management in handling requirement changes which is currently almost unexploited. At the same time, it enables more efficient product development.
Iris Graessler; Christian Oleff; Philipp Scholle. Method for Systematic Assessment of Requirement Change Risk in Industrial Practice. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8697 .
AMA StyleIris Graessler, Christian Oleff, Philipp Scholle. Method for Systematic Assessment of Requirement Change Risk in Industrial Practice. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8697.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Graessler; Christian Oleff; Philipp Scholle. 2020. "Method for Systematic Assessment of Requirement Change Risk in Industrial Practice." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8697.
The business opportunity for innovative products lies at the interface of market needs, technological capabilities and the offerings of competitors. The most successful products are those that are not met by the competitors but can be met with technologically mature and viable solutions.
Iris Gräßler; Philipp Scholle; Henrik Thiele. Scenario Technique. Integrated Design Engineering 2020, 615 -645.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, Philipp Scholle, Henrik Thiele. Scenario Technique. Integrated Design Engineering. 2020; ():615-645.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; Philipp Scholle; Henrik Thiele. 2020. "Scenario Technique." Integrated Design Engineering , no. : 615-645.
Innovation process and innovation output is positively affected by adequate reference models and supporting means. For this reason, a New V-Model for Engineering Mechatronic and Smart Systems is being worked out by the Technical Committee VDI GMA 4.10 "Interdisciplinary Product Creation". Thus, the directive VDI 2206 "Development methodology for mechatronic systems" from the year 2004 (VDI 2206 2004) is being revised and adapted to the actual trend towards digital transformation of technical systems, business models and ecosystems. The core of the guideline is the V-Model describing mechatronic engineering (VDI 2206 2004). One core success criterium of organizing Requirements Elicitation is the established main feature list first published by Pahl and Beitz (Pahl et al. 1996). Based on this, a new Main Feature List enhanced for the usage in requirements elicitation of mechatronic and smart products is proposed. This Enhanced Main Feature List comprises additional requirements such as sampling rate, bus system, big data usage and fosters result quality and efficiency of requirements elicitation. This was proven and validated by applying it to Inline spectral measurement systems in the printing industry. The proposed Enhanced Main Feature List establishes new fundamentals in research and theory.
Iris Gräßler. Main Feature List as core success criteria of organizing Requirements Elicitation. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Main Feature List as core success criteria of organizing Requirements Elicitation. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Main Feature List as core success criteria of organizing Requirements Elicitation." , no. : 1.
The article describes the setup of an experimentation and validation environment by extending a production laboratory: All relevant elements of the production laboratory were equipped with computer systems, so-called "industry 4.0 boxes", and interconnected via a peer-to-peer radio network. The "industry 4.0 boxes" are used to upgrade dedicated sensors for recording machine behaviour and communication technology to be integrated into decentralized production control. In addition, digital twins were implemented to map machine and user behaviour, enable control and support information acquisition and processing. Thereby, a research infrastructure is created for research on potentials of cyber-physical production systems. Research outcomes will be used as a decision basis for companies and for validation of production optimizations. This paper describes the concept and implementation of industry 4.0 functionalities and derives a general concept of simulation platforms for CPPS.
Iris Gräßler. Simulation von Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen in einer Forschungsinfrastruktur. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Simulation von Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen in einer Forschungsinfrastruktur. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Simulation von Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen in einer Forschungsinfrastruktur." , no. : 1.
In the development of mechatronic systems, risks are caused by changing requirements. In this paper, an approach towards the assessment of such kind of risks is presented. Starting with the requirements list, interactions between requirements are structured in the Requirements Structure Matrix (RSM) semi-automatically. In parallel, requirements are categorized according to their source (“influence area”) and prioritized. This priorization is based on the risk of change. It is characterised by the criteria “dynamics”, “uncertainty of knowledge base” and “relevance for product development”. The approach is validated by two approaches: structured interviews with project managers and developers as well as a case study focusing on a pedelec. By application of the approach, cross-disciplinary relations of requirements can be considered in order to reduce iterations in the development of mechatronic systems such as the pedelec.
Iris Gräßler. Priorisierung von Anforderungen für die Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Priorisierung von Anforderungen für die Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Priorisierung von Anforderungen für die Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme." , no. : 1.
Systems Engineering enables development teams to manage the complexity of mechatronic systems, especially regarding the interdependencies of system elements. It is based on a systems thinking approach, which demands for an in depth understanding of the system. Traditional education concepts seem to be insufficient to teach Systems Engineering and in particular systems thinking [1]. Languages like the Systems Modelling Language enable the representation of systems as well as data and information across all life cycle phases. Thereby, they facilitate individual and collective systems thinking [2]. By means of Augmented Reality, additional information can be provided on mechatronic systems based on virtual product representations, which also increases understanding of complex structures and behaviours of mechatronic systems (e.g., [3]). This analysis is supported by a demonstrator and emphasizes how beneficial visualisation of additional information, according to the specific needs of one’s situation, is to build up Systems Engineering competencies.
Iris Gräßler. Augmented Reality für die Vermittlung von Systems Engineering-Kompetenzen. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Augmented Reality für die Vermittlung von Systems Engineering-Kompetenzen. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Augmented Reality für die Vermittlung von Systems Engineering-Kompetenzen." , no. : 1.
The development of mechatronic systems increasingly focuses on dependability aspects as reliability and functional safety. Model-based development of mechatronic systems enables for extensive dependability analysis at early design phases. During operation phase, state-of-the-art condition monitoring algorithms as well as methods of advanced control theory ensure an effective dependability investigation. The models used for development of mechatronic systems include substantial information about the architecture, behavior and dependability of the investigated system. Based on these models, a digital twin for use in predictive maintenance can be set up and combined with condition monitoring data of the real system. The integration of those models into a digital twin offers extensive potentials and supports its setup. The paper at hand describes and illustrates the integration of these models and shows the potentials that arise from the use of digital twins for predictive maintenance.
Iris Gräßler. Integration von Verlässlichkeitsmodellen der Entwicklung in einen Digitalen Zwilling zur Umsetzung einer vorausschauenden Instandhaltung. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Integration von Verlässlichkeitsmodellen der Entwicklung in einen Digitalen Zwilling zur Umsetzung einer vorausschauenden Instandhaltung. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Integration von Verlässlichkeitsmodellen der Entwicklung in einen Digitalen Zwilling zur Umsetzung einer vorausschauenden Instandhaltung." , no. : 1.
Modular lightweight design offers potentials for realizing cost-effective, customer specific and energy efficient products. However, modularization to allow multiple use of modules often implies oversizing of modules. Therefore, modular lightweight design is contradictory to the core idea of lightweight design. The interdisciplinary development of mechatronic systems increases the need for trade-offs between lightweight design and modularization, since all disciplines involved have a direct influence on the definition of the product architecture. These trade-offs lead to a highly iterative approach. To reduce iteration loops and shorten product development time, the requirements are transferred into a target system and decision criteria between the modularization of a mechatronic system and the potentials of lightweight design are derived. Validation is based on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The results are used to draw conclusions regarding the integration of modular lightweight design into the product development procedure according to VDI 2206.
Iris Gräßler. Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme und Modulleichtbau: Anforderungen am Beispiel von Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme und Modulleichtbau: Anforderungen am Beispiel von Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Entwicklung mechatronischer Systeme und Modulleichtbau: Anforderungen am Beispiel von Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)." , no. : 1.
Digitization of mechatronic products and the trend towards platforms and eco-system challenges providers of mechatronic products in the development of new, digital business models and sucessful innovations. In this paper, a novel tool forstrategic planning by means of scenario-technique directly linked to a -platform is presented. An efficient tool for strategic planning is offered to the providers of mechatronic systems who want to enhance the capabilties of their products by usingservices on the plattform to achieve an added value. By linking the tool to the platform, generic influence factors and selection rules can be provided. Thereby, the required effort for strategic planning can be significantly reduced. Providersof mechatronic systems are enabled to anticipate future scenarios and to identify business opportunities in an autonomous way. The integrated tool for strategic planning is validated in a case study. The case study comprises the mechatronicproduct of a low-cost flood level warning system which uses a pan-european data platform.
Iris Gräßler. Strategische Planung in Plattformen und Eco-Systemen mittels Szenario-Technik. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIris Gräßler. Strategische Planung in Plattformen und Eco-Systemen mittels Szenario-Technik. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler. 2020. "Strategische Planung in Plattformen und Eco-Systemen mittels Szenario-Technik." , no. : 1.
Faults in the realization and usage of cyber-physical systems can cause significant security issues. Attackers might exploit vulnerabilities in the physical configurations, control systems, or accessibility through internet connections. For CPS, two challenges are combined: Firstly, discipline-specific security measures should be applied. Secondly, new measures have to be created to cover interdisciplinary impacts. For instance, faulty software configurations in cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) might allow attackers to manipulate the correct control of production processes impacting the quality of end products. From liability and publicity perspective, a worst-case scenario is that such a corrupted product is delivered to a customer. In this context, security-oriented fault-tolerance in Systems Engineering (SE) requires measures to evaluate interdisciplinary system designs with regard to potential scenarios of attacks. The paper at hand contributes a conceptual threat modelling approach to cover potential attack scenarios. The approach can be used to derive both system-level and discipline-specific security solutions. As an application case, issues are focused on which attackers intend to exploit vulnerabilities in a CPPS. The goal is to support systems engineers in verification and validation tasks regarding security-oriented fault-tolerance.
Iris Gräßler; Eric Bodden; Jens Pottebaum; Johannes Geismann; Daniel Roesmann. Security-Oriented Fault-Tolerance in Systems Engineering: A Conceptual Threat Modelling Approach for Cyber-Physical Production Systems. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020, 1458 -1469.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, Eric Bodden, Jens Pottebaum, Johannes Geismann, Daniel Roesmann. Security-Oriented Fault-Tolerance in Systems Engineering: A Conceptual Threat Modelling Approach for Cyber-Physical Production Systems. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020; ():1458-1469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; Eric Bodden; Jens Pottebaum; Johannes Geismann; Daniel Roesmann. 2020. "Security-Oriented Fault-Tolerance in Systems Engineering: A Conceptual Threat Modelling Approach for Cyber-Physical Production Systems." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 1458-1469.
Dr.-Ing. Iris Graessler; -Ing. Kurt D. Bettenhausen; -Ing. Dr. H.C. Attila M. Bilgic; -Ing. Dagmar Dirzus. Which future do we want? It’s up to us! – 4 future scenarios for automation 2030. at - Automatisierungstechnik 2020, 68, 500 -507.
AMA StyleDr.-Ing. Iris Graessler, -Ing. Kurt D. Bettenhausen, -Ing. Dr. H.C. Attila M. Bilgic, -Ing. Dagmar Dirzus. Which future do we want? It’s up to us! – 4 future scenarios for automation 2030. at - Automatisierungstechnik. 2020; 68 (6):500-507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDr.-Ing. Iris Graessler; -Ing. Kurt D. Bettenhausen; -Ing. Dr. H.C. Attila M. Bilgic; -Ing. Dagmar Dirzus. 2020. "Which future do we want? It’s up to us! – 4 future scenarios for automation 2030." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 6: 500-507.
Die unter dem Begriff der Industrie 4.0 zusammengefassten Veränderungen implizieren erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die gesamte Produktentstehung. So erfordert die Entwicklung cyber-physischer Systeme neue Produkttechnologien und eine zunehmende informationstechnische und methodische Unterstützung. In diesem Kapitel werden die Phasen der Produktentstehung erläutert und mit Schwerpunkt auf die Schnittstelle zwischen Produktentwicklung und Produktion analysiert. Bekannte Auswirkungen von Industrie 4.0 für Beschäftigte werden herangezogen und am Beispiel der Produktionsplanung interpretiert.
Iris Gräßler; Alexander Pöhler. Produktentstehung im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0. Handbuch Gestaltung digitaler und vernetzter Arbeitswelten 2020, 383 -403.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, Alexander Pöhler. Produktentstehung im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0. Handbuch Gestaltung digitaler und vernetzter Arbeitswelten. 2020; ():383-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; Alexander Pöhler. 2020. "Produktentstehung im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0." Handbuch Gestaltung digitaler und vernetzter Arbeitswelten , no. : 383-403.
As time-to-market is getting shorter, customer needs have to be identified as early as possible in product development. Correctly applied, corporate foresight can give a glimpse into the future to anticipate such needs and thus gain a competitive advantage. A support tool to choose the appropriate method of foresight is not available yet. Thus, a literature study on foresight methods in industry is performed and a novel decision support tool is proposed which avoids high entrepreneurial risks. Based on the findings, potentials for future work are identified for different types of methods.
Iris Gräßler; H. Thiele; P. Scholle. ASSESSING THE FUTURE: METHODS AND CRITERIA. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020, 1, 569 -576.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, H. Thiele, P. Scholle. ASSESSING THE FUTURE: METHODS AND CRITERIA. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. 2020; 1 ():569-576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; H. Thiele; P. Scholle. 2020. "ASSESSING THE FUTURE: METHODS AND CRITERIA." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1, no. : 569-576.
The value of models is well recognised in product and systems engineering. Modelling languages and diagrams are used to capture mental models and to handle model complexity. Literature research indicates that there are only very few approaches to utilise the potential of virtual and augmented reality for supporting tasks in model based (systems) engineering. The paper at hand contributes a new morphology of intuitive interaction for Immersive Abstraction as a holistic approach to extend that coverage. It presents a holistic framework to categorise solutions and future research directions.
Iris Gräßler; J. Pottebaum. IMMERSIVE ABSTRACTION: A NEW MORPHOLOGY OF INTUITIVE INTERACTION WITH SYSTEM MODELS. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020, 1, 1295 -1304.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, J. Pottebaum. IMMERSIVE ABSTRACTION: A NEW MORPHOLOGY OF INTUITIVE INTERACTION WITH SYSTEM MODELS. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. 2020; 1 ():1295-1304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; J. Pottebaum. 2020. "IMMERSIVE ABSTRACTION: A NEW MORPHOLOGY OF INTUITIVE INTERACTION WITH SYSTEM MODELS." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1, no. : 1295-1304.
To enhance the success of innovations, various methods for foresight have been developed. Automatization yields the potential of shifting effort away from the process to the actual in-depth analysis of resulting scenarios in scenario-technique. Within this paper, an approach based on a user-specific classification of input factors (consistency values) is presented. Generic consistency patterns used for a semi-automatized consistency assessment based on artificial neural networks are identified using a case study approach. Hereby, the effort for scenario-technique can be reduced significantly.
Iris Gräßler; P. Scholle; H. Thiele. IMPROVING SCENARIO-TECHNIQUE BY A SEMI-AUTOMATIZED CONSISTENCY ASSESSMENT BASED ON PATTERN RECOGNITION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020, 1, 147 -156.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, P. Scholle, H. Thiele. IMPROVING SCENARIO-TECHNIQUE BY A SEMI-AUTOMATIZED CONSISTENCY ASSESSMENT BASED ON PATTERN RECOGNITION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. 2020; 1 ():147-156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; P. Scholle; H. Thiele. 2020. "IMPROVING SCENARIO-TECHNIQUE BY A SEMI-AUTOMATIZED CONSISTENCY ASSESSMENT BASED ON PATTERN RECOGNITION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1, no. : 147-156.
Since 2016, a new version of the VDI (German Association of Engineers) Guideline 2206 has been developed by the Technical Committee VDI GMA 4.10 “Interdisciplinary Product Creation”. This article presents the revision results of the VDI Guideline 2206:2004 “Design methodology for mechatronic systems”. The core content of the guideline is an updated and enhanced V-Model for Mechatronic and Cyber-Physical Systems. The inherent concern logic of the V-Model represents the logical sequence of tasks. Its key advantage lies in staying independent from the chosen form of project organization. This way, the V-Model can be applied in classically managed projects as well as in agile projects. In addition, the article describes how the revision was performed and which potentials were tapped. Based on the identified potentials, the new V-Model is derived, explained and illustrated. New contents such as the introduction of checkpoints and the integration of requirements engineering are explained in detail. Furthermore, the pursued scientific procedure and the results of the International Validation Workshop with 25 experts from science and industry are proposed.
Iris Graessler; Julian Hentze. The new V-Model of VDI 2206 and its validation. at - Automatisierungstechnik 2020, 68, 312 -324.
AMA StyleIris Graessler, Julian Hentze. The new V-Model of VDI 2206 and its validation. at - Automatisierungstechnik. 2020; 68 (5):312-324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Graessler; Julian Hentze. 2020. "The new V-Model of VDI 2206 and its validation." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 5: 312-324.
Assembly processes require flexibility to adapt to customer-driven requirements. Digital assistance systems are used that guarantee both efficiency and robustness of the assembly process. Content and functionality need to be developed based on product and process specifications in product development. These allow an individually adaption for the employee. While there is extensive literature on various kinds of assembly assistance systems, there is little research on understanding the relationship of integrated assistance and the learning effect. The paper at hand presents findings of an experimental study. Probands perform an assembly task with simple building bricks. Assuming that they learned during this first execution, they re-iterate the task with reduced instructions. Whereas inexperienced users receive a detailed step-by-step instruction, users with more experience require less details. The effects of this adaptation on usability and learning impact are investigated. Therefore, the analysis is carried out based on ethnographic methods supported by a portable observation system. This research setup contributes a new possibility to trace learning impacts induced by digital assistance systems in assembly processes.
Iris Gräßler; Daniel Roesmann; Jens Pottebaum. Traceable learning effects by use of digital adaptive assistance in production. Procedia Manufacturing 2020, 45, 479 -484.
AMA StyleIris Gräßler, Daniel Roesmann, Jens Pottebaum. Traceable learning effects by use of digital adaptive assistance in production. Procedia Manufacturing. 2020; 45 ():479-484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Gräßler; Daniel Roesmann; Jens Pottebaum. 2020. "Traceable learning effects by use of digital adaptive assistance in production." Procedia Manufacturing 45, no. : 479-484.
In the last decades, the increasing globalization as well as an increasing competitive situation lead to individualized products. This change is accompanied by an increasing variant variety, which leads to a high level of complexity in supply chain networks (SCNs). In particular, suppliers of mechatronic systems have to face the challenge of the increasing complexity of variants and the complexity of its corresponding SCNs. Since the mechatronic systems consist of different components from different industries, suppliers are usually widespread. Although variant variety is a major driver for complexity of SCNs especially regarding mechatronic products, both topics are currently viewed independently within the field of complexity research. This paper is motivated by the case study of the SCNs of the production of gas-insulated switchgears (GIS). The GIS are produced in a modular and customized way worldwide. In order to minimize increasing production costs resulting from the modularization, the company is developing a globally distributed SCN. In this SCN, standard modules are prefabricated in low-wage countries. The subsequent variant creation takes place in European plants. The final customization can be completed by adjustments during commissioning. Customer requirements lead accordingly to a dynamic SCN, in which both the participating value-adding partners and the relationships within the network change. The dynamics, the diverse relationships and the numerous actors create a high degree of complexity with a reduced added-value transparency. This paper contributes a detailed literature analysis and illustrates the research needs of a holistic approach of complexity assessment for the development of product variants and their SCNs. As a result, a holistic approach for the assessment of both, product variants and SCNs, is developed.
I. Graessler; X. Yang. A holistic approach of complexity assessment for the development of product variants of mechatronic products and their supply chain networks. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019, 52, 277 -282.
AMA StyleI. Graessler, X. Yang. A holistic approach of complexity assessment for the development of product variants of mechatronic products and their supply chain networks. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2019; 52 (15):277-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Graessler; X. Yang. 2019. "A holistic approach of complexity assessment for the development of product variants of mechatronic products and their supply chain networks." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 15: 277-282.