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Academic research is increasingly cross-disciplinary and collaborative, between and within institutions. In this context, what is the role and relevance of an individual’s spatial position on a campus? We examine the collaboration patterns of faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, through their academic output (papers and patents), and their organizational structures (institutional affiliation and spatial configuration) over a 10-year time span. An initial comparison of output types reveals: 1. diverging trends in the composition of collaborative teams over time (size, faculty versus non-faculty, etc.); and 2. substantively different patterns of cross-building and cross-disciplinary collaboration. We then construct a multi-layered network of authors, and find two significant features of collaboration on campus: 1. a network topology and community structure that reveals spatial versus institutional collaboration bias; and 2. a persistent relationship between proximity and collaboration, well fit with an exponential decay model. This relationship is consistent for both papers and patents, and present also in exclusively cross-disciplinary work. These insights contribute an architectural dimension to the field of scientometrics, and take a first step toward empirical space-planning policy that supports collaboration within institutions.
Matthew Claudel; Emanuele Massaro; Paolo Santi; Fiona Murray; Carlo Ratti. An exploration of collaborative scientific production at MIT through spatial organization and institutional affiliation. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0179334 .
AMA StyleMatthew Claudel, Emanuele Massaro, Paolo Santi, Fiona Murray, Carlo Ratti. An exploration of collaborative scientific production at MIT through spatial organization and institutional affiliation. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (6):e0179334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthew Claudel; Emanuele Massaro; Paolo Santi; Fiona Murray; Carlo Ratti. 2017. "An exploration of collaborative scientific production at MIT through spatial organization and institutional affiliation." PLOS ONE 12, no. 6: e0179334.
Flow maps are an established cartographic method to depict movements over time and space. In recent years, the exponential increase of geospatial information – what we call urban 'big data' – has introduced new uses and highlighted the need to expand cartography. In this paper, we define existing visualization strategies and tools, and examine their characteristics. From this, we identify challenges and opportunities for data-driven flow maps and suggest future developments. Specifically, we apply a new taxonomy to compare several geospatial data visualizations from the MIT Senseable City Lab and extract principles that can define the capabilities of a new interactive flow mapping tool. We have begun to work on such a tool – called the Datacollider – that is public, powerful, intuitive, and scalable. In the latter portion of this paper, we describe the Datacollider, detail its limitations, and outline directions for future development. We conclude by extrapolating broader trends for the field of geospatial data visualization. We articulate a shift from visualization as a set of graphic tools for representing found insights, to visualization as a way of engaging with data and deriving knowledge.
Matthew Claudel; Till Nagel; Carlo Ratti. From Origins to Destinations: The Past, Present and Future of Visualizing Flow Maps. Built Environment 2016, 42, 338 -355.
AMA StyleMatthew Claudel, Till Nagel, Carlo Ratti. From Origins to Destinations: The Past, Present and Future of Visualizing Flow Maps. Built Environment. 2016; 42 (3):338-355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthew Claudel; Till Nagel; Carlo Ratti. 2016. "From Origins to Destinations: The Past, Present and Future of Visualizing Flow Maps." Built Environment 42, no. 3: 338-355.
Architects are sometimes criticised for prioritising aesthetics over functionality; but attempts to involve end users in building design all too often encounter apathy. Is a successful participatory design process possible? Carlo Ratti and Matthew Claudel of MIT's Senseable City Lab have been researching ways to make it so. Their solutions include an adaptation of the A/B testing method used in software development, together with means from questionnaires to immersive virtual systems that can draw both conscious and unconscious public feedback while maintaining architects' central role.
Carlo Ratti; Matthew Claudel. A/B Architecture: Publicly Augmented Design. Architectural Design 2016, 86, 42 -47.
AMA StyleCarlo Ratti, Matthew Claudel. A/B Architecture: Publicly Augmented Design. Architectural Design. 2016; 86 (5):42-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo Ratti; Matthew Claudel. 2016. "A/B Architecture: Publicly Augmented Design." Architectural Design 86, no. 5: 42-47.