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Xia Lin
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China

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Review
Published: 19 July 2021 in Viruses
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The induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing evidence points to limitations associated with this approach. In this review, we aim to highlight the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination. We will then provide an overview of the major factors known to influence antibody responsiveness to influenza after infection and vaccination. We discuss the biological factors such as age, sex, influence of prior immunity, genetics, and some chronic infections that may affect the induction of influenza antibody responses. We also discuss the technical factors, such as assay choices, strain variations, and viral properties that may influence the sensitivity of the assays used to measure influenza antibodies. Understanding these factors will hopefully provide a more comprehensive picture of what influenza immunogenicity and protection means, which will be important in our effort to improve influenza vaccines.

ACS Style

Xia Lin; Fangmei Lin; Tingting Liang; Mariette Ducatez; Mark Zanin; Sook-San Wong. Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? Viruses 2021, 13, 1400 .

AMA Style

Xia Lin, Fangmei Lin, Tingting Liang, Mariette Ducatez, Mark Zanin, Sook-San Wong. Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xia Lin; Fangmei Lin; Tingting Liang; Mariette Ducatez; Mark Zanin; Sook-San Wong. 2021. "Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It?" Viruses 13, no. 7: 1400.