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Dr. Suhaib Ahmed
Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Internet of Things
0 Machine learing
0 Electronics and Communication Engineering
0 Sensor and ad hoc wireless networking
0 artificial intelligence

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Research article
Published: 23 August 2021 in International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields
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In this paper, a loop based coplanar random access memory (RAM) cell with set/reset ability using quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is first proposed. The operation of the RAM cell is validated physically as well as by simulations using QCADesigner tool. The energy dissipation analysis of the proposed RAM cell demonstrates that the proposed design dissipates very low energy. Additionally, the fault tolerance to single cell missing and addition defects of the proposed RAM cell is also presented. Further, we designed a coplanar 1 × 4 RAM which consists of four proposed RAM cells, one 2:4 decoder and one 5-input majority voter along with the control signals required for the proper operation of the RAM. The proposed RAM cell and 1 × 4 RAM designs achieve performance improvement of up to 88.16% and 79.28%, respectively from the existing design in terms of QCA circuit cost. These structures can therefore be used to design efficient higher order RAM structures.

ACS Style

Syed Farah Naz; Suhaib Ahmed; Seok‐Bum Ko; Ambika Prasad Shah; Sparsh Sharma. QCA based cost efficient coplanar 1 × 4 RAM design with set/reset ability. International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2021, e2946 .

AMA Style

Syed Farah Naz, Suhaib Ahmed, Seok‐Bum Ko, Ambika Prasad Shah, Sparsh Sharma. QCA based cost efficient coplanar 1 × 4 RAM design with set/reset ability. International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields. 2021; ():e2946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Farah Naz; Suhaib Ahmed; Seok‐Bum Ko; Ambika Prasad Shah; Sparsh Sharma. 2021. "QCA based cost efficient coplanar 1 × 4 RAM design with set/reset ability." International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields , no. : e2946.

Research article
Published: 03 August 2021 in International Journal of Communication Systems
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Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an emerging field of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) which facilitates intelligent transport system (ITS). It thus helps in enhancing the real-time driving experience and road safety. Due to association of VANET with life-critical applications, there is a dire need to understand each and every aspect of it in terms of architecture, security, applications, routing, and so forth, before bringing it into implementation. Although there exist numerous studies on VANETs, they tend to cover only individual aspects of it. This first of its kind survey aims to provide a combined and thorough study of each aspect of VANET along with their advantages and limitations in a single solid document. Different architectures proposed till date have been explored along with their shortcomings and the possible applications which are supported in VANETs. Comparison of various wireless technologies used in VANET based on the range requirement of different VANET applications and various routing protocols that are best suited for VANET on the basis of the application requirement is done. It also discusses the various security attacks possible in VANET, the risks associated with them, and the possible security solutions available for these attacks. Various optimization and bio-inspired techniques as well as intrusion detection systems for enhancing security in VANET are also analyzed. Finally, various simulators have been investigated, and comprehensive analysis has been done with respect to the feasibility of implementation of VANETs in these simulators. This research is believed to assist the researchers in understanding the current state of research in VANETs.

ACS Style

Sparsh Sharma; Ajay Kaul; Suhaib Ahmed; Surbhi Sharma. A detailed tutorial survey on VANETs: Emerging architectures, applications, security issues, and solutions. International Journal of Communication Systems 2021, 34, e4905 .

AMA Style

Sparsh Sharma, Ajay Kaul, Suhaib Ahmed, Surbhi Sharma. A detailed tutorial survey on VANETs: Emerging architectures, applications, security issues, and solutions. International Journal of Communication Systems. 2021; 34 (14):e4905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sparsh Sharma; Ajay Kaul; Suhaib Ahmed; Surbhi Sharma. 2021. "A detailed tutorial survey on VANETs: Emerging architectures, applications, security issues, and solutions." International Journal of Communication Systems 34, no. 14: e4905.

Original research
Published: 19 July 2021 in International Journal of Information Technology
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In this paper, we focus on novel designs for digital code converter and parity generator circuits in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology, which is transistor less computation approach and encodes binary information through the configuration of charges among quantum dots. In existing works, code converters and parity generators have been designed using majority gate and inverter-based XOR gates that is the basic structure of these circuits. However, our proposed designs use explicit cell interaction-based XOR gate to designing a compact form of QCA circuits. As a result, novel designs for generating parity bit, Binary to Gray, Gray to Binary code converter are presented with low complexity. Moreover, we will first demonstrate the bifunctional parity generator in QCA. The correct operation of the structures has been verified using the QCADesigner tool. A structural comparison was made with previous works and found that the proposed designs have significant improvements over existing ones.

ACS Style

Nuriddin Safoev; Suhaib Ahmed; Komil Tashev; Syed Farah Naz. Design of fault tolerant bifunctional parity generator and scalable code converters based on QCA technology. International Journal of Information Technology 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Nuriddin Safoev, Suhaib Ahmed, Komil Tashev, Syed Farah Naz. Design of fault tolerant bifunctional parity generator and scalable code converters based on QCA technology. International Journal of Information Technology. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuriddin Safoev; Suhaib Ahmed; Komil Tashev; Syed Farah Naz. 2021. "Design of fault tolerant bifunctional parity generator and scalable code converters based on QCA technology." International Journal of Information Technology , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in IEEE Access
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High Blood Pressure (HBP) over a long period of time leads to a medical condition known as Hypertension (HTN or HT), in which the arterial blood pressure is persistently inflated. In this research, a blood pressure biosensor has been implemented that monitors the different stages of hypertension by measuring the varying blood pressure values. Further, a system design has been proposed for the theranostics (combination of diagnosis and therapy) of hypertension. The proposed sensor takes blood pressure as the input, and gives the corresponding electrical signal variations at the output, so as to detect the exact stage of hypertension. The working principle of this BP sensor is based on the electrostatic transduction mechanism. The proposed system aims to design a low-cost, easily available, implantable lab-on-chip (LoC) platform for the continuous measurement of blood pressure by keeping track of the patient history, so as to prevent chronic hypertensive disorders. Further, such an implantable LoC theranostic platform is among the best possible solutions for the e-healthcare systems, owing to its potential in a wireless body area network (WBAN) using Internet of Things (IoT) and other similar technologies.

ACS Style

Shagun Gupta; Vipan Kakkar; Suhaib Ahmed; Farooq Ahmad Khanday; Sparsh Sharma; Saurabh Singh; ByungUn Yoon. Modelling of On-Chip Biosensor for the in vivo Diagnosis of Hypertension in Wireless Body Area Networks. IEEE Access 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Shagun Gupta, Vipan Kakkar, Suhaib Ahmed, Farooq Ahmad Khanday, Sparsh Sharma, Saurabh Singh, ByungUn Yoon. Modelling of On-Chip Biosensor for the in vivo Diagnosis of Hypertension in Wireless Body Area Networks. IEEE Access. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shagun Gupta; Vipan Kakkar; Suhaib Ahmed; Farooq Ahmad Khanday; Sparsh Sharma; Saurabh Singh; ByungUn Yoon. 2021. "Modelling of On-Chip Biosensor for the in vivo Diagnosis of Hypertension in Wireless Body Area Networks." IEEE Access PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Conference paper
Published: 09 June 2021 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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In this paper, a meta-surface inspired flexible antenna prototype is proposed for bio-medical applications. A 1.5 mm Rogers high frequency laminate with permittivity of 3.3 and loss tangent of 0.002 is used as substrate owing to its flexible nature. The proposed antenna is suitable for on-body applications and as such the performance of the prototype was verified on a multilayer phantom model using HFSS tool. Unique properties of meta-surface make miniaturization of the antenna possible with optimum antenna dimensions of 0.24 λ0 × 0.15 λ0 × 0.013 λ0. The designed antenna is investigated for on-body applications and thereof it is observed that the radiator radiates in the range of 2.14 GHz − 3.4 GHz resulting in resonance at 2.67 GHz.

ACS Style

Umhara Rasool Khan; Javaid A. Sheikh; Shahid Bashir; Suhaib Ahmed. Metamaterial inspired wideband on-body antenna design for bio-medical applications. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Umhara Rasool Khan, Javaid A. Sheikh, Shahid Bashir, Suhaib Ahmed. Metamaterial inspired wideband on-body antenna design for bio-medical applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umhara Rasool Khan; Javaid A. Sheikh; Shahid Bashir; Suhaib Ahmed. 2021. "Metamaterial inspired wideband on-body antenna design for bio-medical applications." Materials Today: Proceedings , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering
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Plant disease detection is a critical issue that needs to be focused on for productive agriculture and economy. Detecting plant disease using traditional methods is a tedious job as it requires a tremendous amount of work, time, and expertise. Automatic plant disease detection is an important research area that has recently gained a lot of attention among the academicians, researchers, and practitioners. Machine Learning and Deep Learning can help identify the plant disease at the initial stage as soon as it appears on plant leaves. In this state-of-an-art review, a thorough investigation has been performed to evaluate the possibility of using Machine Learning models to identify plant diseases. In this study, diseases and infections of four types of crops, i.e., Tomato, Rice, Potato, and Apple, are considered. Initially, numerous possible infections and diseases on these four kinds of crops are studied along with their reason for the occurrence and possible symptoms for their detections. An in-depth study of the different steps involved in plant disease detection and classification using Machine Learning and Deep Learning is provided. Various datasets available online for plant disease detection have also been presented. Along with this, a detailed study on various existing Machine Learning and Deep Learning-based classification models proposed by different researchers across the world for four considered crops in terms of their performance evaluations, the dataset used, and the feature extraction method is discussed. At last, various challenges in the use of machine learning and deep learning for plant disease detection and future research directions are enumerated and presented.

ACS Style

Javaid Ahmad Wani; Sparsh Sharma; Malik Muzamil; Suhaib Ahmed; Surbhi Sharma; Saurabh Singh. Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Computational Techniques in Automatic Agricultural Diseases Detection: Methodologies, Applications, and Challenges. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 2021, 1 -37.

AMA Style

Javaid Ahmad Wani, Sparsh Sharma, Malik Muzamil, Suhaib Ahmed, Surbhi Sharma, Saurabh Singh. Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Computational Techniques in Automatic Agricultural Diseases Detection: Methodologies, Applications, and Challenges. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 2021; ():1-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javaid Ahmad Wani; Sparsh Sharma; Malik Muzamil; Suhaib Ahmed; Surbhi Sharma; Saurabh Singh. 2021. "Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Computational Techniques in Automatic Agricultural Diseases Detection: Methodologies, Applications, and Challenges." Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering , no. : 1-37.

Original research paper
Published: 09 April 2021 in IET Quantum Communication
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There is a need for secure and powerful nano communication systems with ultra‐low power consumption in the new digital age. Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is a technology which can be used for designing these systems. In the nano regime, relative to complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, QCA is able to work with greater speed and lower power dissipation along with high density. This study examines the applicability and viability of using QCA to construct the sequential circuits. An optimized D flip flop is designed in QCA. The fault tolerance for single cell omission and single cell addition defects of the proposed flip flop is also presented. This flip flop is then used to design 2‐, 3‐, 4‐ and 8‐bit shift registers which can be efficiently scaled up to N‐bits. The operations of all proposed designs are validated using QCADesigner tool and the energy dissipation analysis is done using QCAPro tool. The performance comparison shows that the proposed QCA designs are cost efficient and they can be utilized efficiently in designing digital communication systems which require small area along with high speed and ultra‐low power consumption.

ACS Style

Salma Yaqoob; Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz; Sadaf Bashir; Sparsh Sharma. Design of efficient N‐bit shift register using optimized D flip flop in quantum dot cellular automata technology. IET Quantum Communication 2021, 2, 32 -41.

AMA Style

Salma Yaqoob, Suhaib Ahmed, Syed Farah Naz, Sadaf Bashir, Sparsh Sharma. Design of efficient N‐bit shift register using optimized D flip flop in quantum dot cellular automata technology. IET Quantum Communication. 2021; 2 (2):32-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salma Yaqoob; Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz; Sadaf Bashir; Sparsh Sharma. 2021. "Design of efficient N‐bit shift register using optimized D flip flop in quantum dot cellular automata technology." IET Quantum Communication 2, no. 2: 32-41.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2021 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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ACS Style

Sparsh Sharma; Vinit Jhaketiya; Ajay Kaul; Abrar Ahmed Raza; Suhaib Ahmed; Mohd. Naseem. Automatic Prediction of Road Angles using Deep Learning-Based Transfer Learning Models. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021, 1099, 1 .

AMA Style

Sparsh Sharma, Vinit Jhaketiya, Ajay Kaul, Abrar Ahmed Raza, Suhaib Ahmed, Mohd. Naseem. Automatic Prediction of Road Angles using Deep Learning-Based Transfer Learning Models. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021; 1099 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sparsh Sharma; Vinit Jhaketiya; Ajay Kaul; Abrar Ahmed Raza; Suhaib Ahmed; Mohd. Naseem. 2021. "Automatic Prediction of Road Angles using Deep Learning-Based Transfer Learning Models." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1099, no. 1: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 13 January 2021 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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The issues faced by CMOS technology in the nanoregime has led to the research of other possible technologies which can operate with same functionalities, however, with higher speed and lower power dissipation. One such technology is quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In this paper, QCA and reversible logic have been combined to design a 2 × 2 Feynman reversible gate-based fingerprint authentication system (FSA). An 8 × 8 size input fingerprint image is compared with the images present in the database and upon successful match, the FSA gives an output of logic ‘1’ to confirm the match. Based on the performance analysis, it is shown that the proposed design achieves performance improvement of up to 89.05% compared to the previously reported design with respect to various parameters such as cell count, area, quantum cost, etc.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Soha Maqbool Bhat; Seok-Bum Ko. Design of Reversible Gate-Based Fingerprint Authentication System in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata for Secure Nanocomputing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2021, 729 -740.

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Soha Maqbool Bhat, Seok-Bum Ko. Design of Reversible Gate-Based Fingerprint Authentication System in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata for Secure Nanocomputing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():729-740.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Soha Maqbool Bhat; Seok-Bum Ko. 2021. "Design of Reversible Gate-Based Fingerprint Authentication System in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata for Secure Nanocomputing." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 729-740.

Review
Published: 11 January 2021 in Sensors
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Ensuring soil strength, as well as preliminary construction cost and duration prediction, is a very crucial and preliminary aspect of any construction project. Similarly, building strong structures is very important in geotechnical engineering to ensure the bearing capability of structures against external forces. Hence, in this first-of-its-kind state-of-the-art review, the capability of various artificial intelligence (AI)-based models toward accurate prediction and estimation of preliminary construction cost, duration, and shear strength is explored. Initially, background regarding the revolutionary AI technology along with its different models suited for geotechnical and construction engineering is presented. Various existing works in the literature on the usage of AI-based models for the abovementioned applications of construction and maintenance are presented along with their advantages, limitations, and future work. Through analysis, various crucial input parameters with great impact on the estimation of preliminary construction cost, duration, and soil shear strength are enumerated and presented. Lastly, various challenges in using AI-based models for accurate predictions in these applications, as well as factors contributing to the cost-overrun issues, are presented. This study can, thus, greatly assist civil engineers in efficiently using the capabilities of AI for solving complex and risk-sensitive tasks, and it can also be used in Internet of things (IoT) environments for automated applications such as smart structural health-monitoring systems.

ACS Style

Sparsh Sharma; Suhaib Ahmed; Mohd Naseem; Waleed S. Alnumay; Saurabh Singh; Gi Hwan Cho. A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Pre-Parametric Project Cost and Soil Shear-Strength Estimation in Construction and Geotechnical Engineering. Sensors 2021, 21, 463 .

AMA Style

Sparsh Sharma, Suhaib Ahmed, Mohd Naseem, Waleed S. Alnumay, Saurabh Singh, Gi Hwan Cho. A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Pre-Parametric Project Cost and Soil Shear-Strength Estimation in Construction and Geotechnical Engineering. Sensors. 2021; 21 (2):463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sparsh Sharma; Suhaib Ahmed; Mohd Naseem; Waleed S. Alnumay; Saurabh Singh; Gi Hwan Cho. 2021. "A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Pre-Parametric Project Cost and Soil Shear-Strength Estimation in Construction and Geotechnical Engineering." Sensors 21, no. 2: 463.

Original research papers
Published: 19 December 2020 in IET Networks
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It is a well‐known research outcome that clustering helps in increasing the network lifetime and the routing performance. This research thus aims to optimize the energy consumption of wide scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by proposing a novel and an adaptive energy efficient fuzzy (AEEF) clustering for a WSN. It is an improvement and modification on the traditional clustering of the cells of the network for Landslide Detection systems. It incorporates the concept of fuzziness and state machine in selecting the cluster heads, unlike previously clustering algorithms such as low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy and so on. The proposed AEEF approach is validated by carrying out simulations and the results show that the average energy consumption per node under no‐clustering is 0.5144892 mJ, whereas it reduces drastically to 0.084482 mJ using the proposed AEEF clustering algorithm. Hence, the proposed algorithm is approximately 83.5% more energy efficient and thus increases the lifetimes of the nodes deployed for sensing a landslide along with being adaptive to any changes in the ambient conditions.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Swastik Gupta; Ashish Suri; Sparsh Sharma. Adaptive energy efficient fuzzy: An adaptive and energy efficient fuzzy clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network‐based landslide detection system. IET Networks 2020, 10, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Swastik Gupta, Ashish Suri, Sparsh Sharma. Adaptive energy efficient fuzzy: An adaptive and energy efficient fuzzy clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network‐based landslide detection system. IET Networks. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Swastik Gupta; Ashish Suri; Sparsh Sharma. 2020. "Adaptive energy efficient fuzzy: An adaptive and energy efficient fuzzy clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network‐based landslide detection system." IET Networks 10, no. 1: 1-12.

Research article
Published: 16 December 2020 in International Journal of Communication Systems
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In the current digital era, there is a need of secure and efficient nano communication systems with ultra‐low power consumption. One technology that can be used for designing these systems is quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA). In the nano regime, QCA is able to operate with higher speed and lower power dissipation along with high density compared to CMOS technology. This work explores the applicability and feasibility of designing nano communication systems using code converters. In this paper, efficient 4‐bit, 8‐bit, and 16‐bit designs of binary to gray (B2G) and gray to binary (G2B) converters which can be scaled up to N‐bits are proposed. The N‐bit B2G and G2B converters can be designed using 33 + 38 (0.25N − 1) and 63 + 76 (0.25N − 1) cells with a latency of 0.5 and 0.25N clock cycles, respectively. The converters are then used to design 4‐bit, 8‐bit, 16‐bit, and 32‐bit communication systems for efficient data transmission and reception. Based on the performance comparison, it is observed that the proposed B2G and G2B designs achieve up to 90.03% and 99.64% improvement in terms of cost of the circuit thereby making them most cost efficient QCA designs. In addition to this, exhaustive energy dissipation analysis of the proposed designs is also presented. It is observed that the proposed designs can be efficiently utilized in designing nano communication systems requiring minimal area and ultra‐low power consumption.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz; Sparsh Sharma; Seok‐Bum Ko. Design of quantum‐dot cellular automata‐based communication system using modular N‐bit binary to gray and gray to binary converters. International Journal of Communication Systems 2020, 34, 1 .

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Syed Farah Naz, Sparsh Sharma, Seok‐Bum Ko. Design of quantum‐dot cellular automata‐based communication system using modular N‐bit binary to gray and gray to binary converters. International Journal of Communication Systems. 2020; 34 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz; Sparsh Sharma; Seok‐Bum Ko. 2020. "Design of quantum‐dot cellular automata‐based communication system using modular N‐bit binary to gray and gray to binary converters." International Journal of Communication Systems 34, no. 4: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 14 October 2020 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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The latest developments in the electronics industry demands for ultra-low power dissipation circuit designing. Reversible logic, an emerging technology for designing digital circuits, is being investigated along with Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology for designing high density and ultra-low power circuits in the sub-nano regime. Considering this, in this paper, a new and efficient design of 3x3 reversible Fredkin gate in QCA is proposed which utilizes only 48 cells. It is then used to design a new reversible logic based D Flip Flop. The proposed QCA circuit of reversible D Flip Flop is designed using only 59 cells. From the performance evaluation, it is seen that the proposed reversible logic based D Flip Flop achieves performance improvement of 41% percent in terms of cell count and cell area and 44% in terms of total area from the existing best design in the literature. In addition to this, proposed designs are more energy efficient hence making them more feasible and suitable for implementation in various ultra-low power applications.

ACS Style

Syed Farah Naz; Suhaib Ahmed; Sparsh Sharma; Firdous Ahmad; D. Ajitha. Fredkin gate based energy efficient reversible D flip flop design in quantum dot cellular automata. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020, 46, 5248 -5255.

AMA Style

Syed Farah Naz, Suhaib Ahmed, Sparsh Sharma, Firdous Ahmad, D. Ajitha. Fredkin gate based energy efficient reversible D flip flop design in quantum dot cellular automata. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 46 ():5248-5255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Farah Naz; Suhaib Ahmed; Sparsh Sharma; Firdous Ahmad; D. Ajitha. 2020. "Fredkin gate based energy efficient reversible D flip flop design in quantum dot cellular automata." Materials Today: Proceedings 46, no. : 5248-5255.

Review
Published: 14 October 2020 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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Water is an all-important need of all living beings. With the exponential growth of the human population, the need for conservation of water resources is gaining greater importance. Many water management systems have been proposed in the past using different technologies to address the issue which are high in cost and energy consumption. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the pursuit of the smart water management system is gaining momentum. This study first discusses the architecture and various components of IoT based water management system in detail followed by in-depth survey of all existing IoT based water management systems. Various measurement parameters such as water level, pH level, turbidity, salinity, etc. used in different water management systems proposed in the literature have also been identified and a comparison of various systems based on these parameters has also been presented. Finally, based on the survey, list of various essential attributes of these systems are framed which must be incorporated in future designs. In addition to this, an architecture of a smart water management system based on IoT and Machine learning has also been proposed as future scope which addresses all these essential attributes and also uses machine learning based predictions which can increase the efficiency of the smart management system.

ACS Style

Manmeet Singh; Suhaib Ahmed. IoT based smart water management systems: A systematic review. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020, 46, 5211 -5218.

AMA Style

Manmeet Singh, Suhaib Ahmed. IoT based smart water management systems: A systematic review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 46 ():5211-5218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manmeet Singh; Suhaib Ahmed. 2020. "IoT based smart water management systems: A systematic review." Materials Today: Proceedings 46, no. : 5211-5218.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
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The advantages such as high operating frequency (in the range of few THz), low power dissipation, small size and high density in the nano regime has led to the application of Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) in designing various digital circuits. In this brief, an ultra-efficient two input XOR gate design in QCA is proposed. It is a single layer design consisting of only 9 cells with no crossover and operating on cell to cell interaction. The functionality of the proposed gate has been verified at both physical and simulation level. In addition to this, fault tolerance to single cell missing defect, single cell addition defect and single cell displacement defect of the proposed XOR gate has also been presented. Based on the performance evaluation, it is seen that the proposed XOR gate has least cell count, least area and least latency which in turn leads to least circuit cost. Also, the proposed design dissipates least energy. The applicability of proposed XOR gate has also been investigated by designing various cost efficient digital circuits such as full adder, parity checker, etc.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz. Design of Cost Efficient Modular Digital QCA Circuits using Optimized XOR Gate. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 2020, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Syed Farah Naz. Design of Cost Efficient Modular Digital QCA Circuits using Optimized XOR Gate. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. 2020; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz. 2020. "Design of Cost Efficient Modular Digital QCA Circuits using Optimized XOR Gate." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2020 in International Journal of Quantum Information
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The issues faced by Complementary metal oxide semi-conductor (CMOS) technology in the nanoregime have led to the research of other possible technologies which can operate with same functionalities however, with higher speed and lower power dissipation. One such technology is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). At present, logic circuit designs using QCA have been comprehensively researched and one such application area being investigated is data transmission. Various data transfer techniques for reliable data transfer are available and among them convolution coding is being widely used in mobile, radio and satellite communications. Considering the evolution towards nano communication networks, in this paper an ultra-proficient designs of 1/2 rate and 1/3 rate convolution encoders based on a cost-efficient and fault tolerant XOR gate design have been proposed for application in nano communication networks. Based on the performance analysis, it is observed that the proposed designs are efficient in respect to cell count, area, delay and circuit cost and achieves performance improvement up to 40.21% for 1/2 encoder and 31.81% for 1/3 encoder compared to the best design in the literature. In addition to this, the energy dissipation analysis of the proposed designs is also presented. The proposed designs can thus be efficiently utilized in various nanocommunication applications requiring minimal area and ultra-low power consumption.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz. Design of quantum dot cellular automata based fault tolerant convolution encoders for secure nanocomputing. International Journal of Quantum Information 2020, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Syed Farah Naz. Design of quantum dot cellular automata based fault tolerant convolution encoders for secure nanocomputing. International Journal of Quantum Information. 2020; 18 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Syed Farah Naz. 2020. "Design of quantum dot cellular automata based fault tolerant convolution encoders for secure nanocomputing." International Journal of Quantum Information 18, no. 6: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 September 2020 in 2020 IEEE-HYDCON
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The issues faced by CMOS technology in the nano regime has led to the research of other possible technologies which can operate with same functionalities however with higher speed and lower power dissipation. One such technology is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). In this paper, two 1-bit comparator designs using QCA nanotechnology are presented. These designs do not utilize any crossovers and hence can be easily fabricated without any defects. Based on the performance analysis, it is perceived that the proposed comparator designs are highly efficient in respect to cell count, area, delay and quantum cost and achieves performance improvement in the range of 62.91% to 99.67% in terms of quantum cost from the existing comparator designs. Hence, the proposed designs can be efficiently utilized in various digital logics requiring minimal area and ultra-low power consumption such as central processing units (CPUs), microcontrollers, etc.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Soha Maqbool Bhat; Vipan Kakkar. Design of Efficient 1-bit Comparator in Quantum dot Cellular Automata Nano-computing. 2020 IEEE-HYDCON 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Soha Maqbool Bhat, Vipan Kakkar. Design of Efficient 1-bit Comparator in Quantum dot Cellular Automata Nano-computing. 2020 IEEE-HYDCON. 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Soha Maqbool Bhat; Vipan Kakkar. 2020. "Design of Efficient 1-bit Comparator in Quantum dot Cellular Automata Nano-computing." 2020 IEEE-HYDCON , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Journal of Nanophotonics
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The issues faced by CMOS technology in the nanoregime have led to research for other possible technologies that can operate with the same functionalities but with higher speed and lower power dissipation. One such technology is quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). A 3 × 3 reversible universal and multifunctional gate is presented that is reversible, universal, and multifunctional in nature. The gate is then used as a building block to design an ultra-efficient 1-bit full adder and 1-bit full subtractor in QCA. Based on the performance analysis, it is concluded that the proposed designs are efficient in respect to cell count, area, delay, and quantum cost and achieve performance improvements over existing designs in the literature. Hence, the proposed designs can be efficiently utilized in various digital logics requiring minimal area and ultra-low-power consumption such as central processing units, microcontrollers, etc.

ACS Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Majid I. Baba; Soha M. Bhat; Insha Manzoor; Naira Nafees; Seok-Bum Ko. Design of reversible universal and multifunctional gate-based 1-bit full adder and full subtractor in quantum-dot cellular automata nanocomputing. Journal of Nanophotonics 2020, 14, 036002 .

AMA Style

Suhaib Ahmed, Majid I. Baba, Soha M. Bhat, Insha Manzoor, Naira Nafees, Seok-Bum Ko. Design of reversible universal and multifunctional gate-based 1-bit full adder and full subtractor in quantum-dot cellular automata nanocomputing. Journal of Nanophotonics. 2020; 14 (3):036002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhaib Ahmed; Majid I. Baba; Soha M. Bhat; Insha Manzoor; Naira Nafees; Seok-Bum Ko. 2020. "Design of reversible universal and multifunctional gate-based 1-bit full adder and full subtractor in quantum-dot cellular automata nanocomputing." Journal of Nanophotonics 14, no. 3: 036002.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Journal of Nanophotonics
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The existing CMOS technology is facing severe challenges to keep up with the complicated needs of nanoscale devices due to several issues such as leakage current at nanoscale levels. Quantum-dot cellular automata has the ability to become an alternative to CMOS technology. In general, adder and subtractor are implemented as a single hardware, at the cost of a small reduction in the speed of addition and subtraction. A dedicated hardware for subtractor will reduce the circuit complexity and increase the speed of the operation. Four different subtractor circuit designs are proposed in quantum-dot cellular automata using different wire crossings and implementation techniques. Wire crossing count is critical in determining the cost of the circuit. The proposed multilayer crossover subtractor circuit has 12% fewer cells, 50% wire crossing reduction, and 10% area reduction compared to the existing design. The proposed rotated cell crossover subtractor circuit has 24% fewer cells, 33% clock phase reduction, 50% wire crossing reduction, and 40% area reduction compared to the existing design. Two clock zone crossover subtractor circuit designs are also proposed with smaller area and crossings. The proposed designs can be stretched to construct different N-bit subtractors. The proposed circuit designs are validated using coherence vector engine in QCADesigner.

ACS Style

MarshaL Raj; Suhaib Ahmed; Lakshminarayanan Gopalakrishnan. Subtractor circuits using different wire crossing techniques in quantum-dot cellular automata. Journal of Nanophotonics 2020, 14, 026007 .

AMA Style

MarshaL Raj, Suhaib Ahmed, Lakshminarayanan Gopalakrishnan. Subtractor circuits using different wire crossing techniques in quantum-dot cellular automata. Journal of Nanophotonics. 2020; 14 (2):026007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

MarshaL Raj; Suhaib Ahmed; Lakshminarayanan Gopalakrishnan. 2020. "Subtractor circuits using different wire crossing techniques in quantum-dot cellular automata." Journal of Nanophotonics 14, no. 2: 026007.

Conference paper
Published: 20 December 2019 in Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence
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The latest trend in electronic industry demands the design of ultralow-power circuits. One such technology that can address this demand is reversible logic which is an alternative technology to design various digital circuits with almost zero power dissipation. In this paper, a new 3 × 3 NNG reversible gate has been proposed which is both universal and multifunctional in nature. The universal nature has been verified by designing all the logic gates from the proposed NNG gate whereas the multifunctional nature is verified by implementing all the 13 standard Boolean functions. In addition to this, the future scope of the proposed gate has also been presented wherein reversible logic can be combined with Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology to implement various ultraefficient digital circuits in nano-regime. Based on the performance comparison, it is observed that the proposed gate is highly efficient and thus can be used in various nano-electronic applications.

ACS Style

Naira Nafees; Insha Manzoor; Majid Irfan Baba; Soha Maqbool Bhat; Vishal Puri; Suhaib Ahmed. Modeling and Logic Synthesis of Multifunctional and Universal 3 × 3 Reversible Gate for Nanoscale Applications. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence 2019, 1423 -1431.

AMA Style

Naira Nafees, Insha Manzoor, Majid Irfan Baba, Soha Maqbool Bhat, Vishal Puri, Suhaib Ahmed. Modeling and Logic Synthesis of Multifunctional and Universal 3 × 3 Reversible Gate for Nanoscale Applications. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence. 2019; ():1423-1431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naira Nafees; Insha Manzoor; Majid Irfan Baba; Soha Maqbool Bhat; Vishal Puri; Suhaib Ahmed. 2019. "Modeling and Logic Synthesis of Multifunctional and Universal 3 × 3 Reversible Gate for Nanoscale Applications." Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence , no. : 1423-1431.