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Yibo Wu
Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province, Health Culture Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi’an 712046, China

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Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Vaccines
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Objectives: To investigate the differences in vaccine hesitancy and preference of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines between two countries, namely, China and the United States (U.S.). Method: A cross-national survey was conducted in both China and the United States, and discrete choice experiments, as well as Likert scales, were utilized to assess vaccine preference and the underlying factors contributing to vaccination acceptance. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to enable a direct comparison between the two countries. Results: A total of 9077 (5375 and 3702 from China and the United States, respectively) respondents completed the survey. After propensity score matching, over 82.0% of respondents from China positively accepted the COVID-19 vaccination, while 72.2% of respondents from the United States positively accepted it. Specifically, only 31.9% of Chinese respondents were recommended by a doctor to have COVID-19 vaccination, while more than half of the U.S. respondents were recommended by a doctor (50.2%), local health board (59.4%), or friends and families (64.8%). The discrete choice experiments revealed that respondents from the United States attached the greatest importance to the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (44.41%), followed by the cost of vaccination (29.57%), whereas those from China held a different viewpoint, that the cost of vaccination covered the largest proportion in their trade-off (30.66%), and efficacy ranked as the second most important attribute (26.34%). Additionally, respondents from China tended to be much more concerned about the adverse effect of vaccination (19.68% vs. 6.12%) and have a lower perceived severity of being infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: Although the overall acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in both countries are high, underpinned distinctions between these countries were observed. Owing to the differences in COVID-19 incidence rates, cultural backgrounds, and the availability of specific COVID-19 vaccines in the two countries, vaccine rollout strategies should be nation-dependent.

ACS Style

Taoran Liu; Zonglin He; Jian Huang; Ni Yan; Qian Chen; Fengqiu Huang; Yuejia Zhang; Omolola Akinwunmi; Babatunde Akinwunmi; Casper Zhang; Yibo Wu; Wai-Kit Ming. A Comparison of Vaccine Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in China and the United States. Vaccines 2021, 9, 649 .

AMA Style

Taoran Liu, Zonglin He, Jian Huang, Ni Yan, Qian Chen, Fengqiu Huang, Yuejia Zhang, Omolola Akinwunmi, Babatunde Akinwunmi, Casper Zhang, Yibo Wu, Wai-Kit Ming. A Comparison of Vaccine Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in China and the United States. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (6):649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taoran Liu; Zonglin He; Jian Huang; Ni Yan; Qian Chen; Fengqiu Huang; Yuejia Zhang; Omolola Akinwunmi; Babatunde Akinwunmi; Casper Zhang; Yibo Wu; Wai-Kit Ming. 2021. "A Comparison of Vaccine Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in China and the United States." Vaccines 9, no. 6: 649.

Preprint content
Published: 02 May 2021
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Objectives To investigate the differences in vaccine hesitancy and preference of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines between two countries, viz. China and the United States (US). Method A cross-national survey was conducted in both China and the US, and discrete choice experiments as well as Likert scales were utilized to assess vaccine preference and the underlying factors contributing to the vaccination acceptance. A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to enable a direct comparison between the two countries. Results A total of 9,077 (5,375 and 3,702, respectively, from China and the US) respondents have completed the survey. After propensity score matching, over 82.0% respondents from China positively accept the COVID-19 vaccination, while 72.2% respondents form the US positively accept it. Specifically, only 31.9% of Chinese respondents were recommended by a doctor to have COVID-19 vaccination, while more than half of the US respondents were recommended by a doctor (50.2%), local health board (59.4%), or friends and families (64.8%). The discrete choice experiments revealed that respondents from the US attached the greatest importance to the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (44.41%), followed by the cost of vaccination (29.57%), whereas those from China held a different viewpoint that the cost of vaccination covers the largest proportion in their trade-off (30.66%), and efficacy ranked as the second most important attribute (26.34%). Also, respondents from China tend to concerned much more about the adverse effect of vaccination (19.68% vs 6.12%) and have lower perceived severity of being infected with COVID-19. Conclusion While the overall acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in both countries are high, underpinned distinctions between countries are observed. Owing to the differences in COVID-19 incidence rates, cultural backgrounds, and the availability of specific COVID-19 vaccines in two countries, the vaccine rollout strategies should be nation-dependent.

ACS Style

Taoran Liu; Zonglin He; Jian Huang; Ni Yan; Qian Chen; Fengqiu Huang; Yuejia Zhang; Omolola M Akinwunmi; Babatunde Akinwunmi; Casper J.P Zhang; Yibo Wu; Wai-Kit Ming. The comparison of vaccine hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in China and the United States. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Taoran Liu, Zonglin He, Jian Huang, Ni Yan, Qian Chen, Fengqiu Huang, Yuejia Zhang, Omolola M Akinwunmi, Babatunde Akinwunmi, Casper J.P Zhang, Yibo Wu, Wai-Kit Ming. The comparison of vaccine hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in China and the United States. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taoran Liu; Zonglin He; Jian Huang; Ni Yan; Qian Chen; Fengqiu Huang; Yuejia Zhang; Omolola M Akinwunmi; Babatunde Akinwunmi; Casper J.P Zhang; Yibo Wu; Wai-Kit Ming. 2021. "The comparison of vaccine hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in China and the United States." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Journal of Advances in Health
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Objective: To analyze and discuss the phenomenon of empty return of ambulance in pre-hospital emergency care. Methods: The data of pre-hospital emergency ambulance departure from August 2018 to July 2019 in our sub-station were collected, the empty return rates of the ambulance were counted, the factors were analyzed and the countermeasures were discussed. Result: The phenomenon of the empty return of ambulance in prehospital emergency care was commonly seen and the empty return rates of the empty ambulance were 7.37%, indicating that the waste of resources was obvious. The phenomenon was caused by the halfway return of the ambulance, or the leaving of patients before the ambulance arrives. Conclusion: There are many reasons for the empty return of ambulance, therefore we should strengthen the policies and regulations, popularize the common knowledge of pre-hospital first aid, improve residents medical literacy, reduce the empty ambulance rates of pre-hospital first aid, and give full play to the efficiency of pre-hospital first aid.

ACS Style

Jinyi Meng; Tao Wang; Jing Han; Yibo Wu; Jingde Xu. Analysis and Discussion on the Empty Return of Ambulance in Pre-hospital Emergency Care in Pudong New Area: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Advances in Health 2019, 1, 252 -258.

AMA Style

Jinyi Meng, Tao Wang, Jing Han, Yibo Wu, Jingde Xu. Analysis and Discussion on the Empty Return of Ambulance in Pre-hospital Emergency Care in Pudong New Area: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Advances in Health. 2019; 1 (4):252-258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinyi Meng; Tao Wang; Jing Han; Yibo Wu; Jingde Xu. 2019. "Analysis and Discussion on the Empty Return of Ambulance in Pre-hospital Emergency Care in Pudong New Area: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Advances in Health 1, no. 4: 252-258.