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Plastics recycling is becoming a common action to reduce our products and processes' environmental impact, and it is of the utmost importance to introduce circular economy strategies. However, for most of the different types of thermoplastics, recycling is not currently its usual end of life due to the technical difficulties in the sorting and recycling processes. This paper presents the complete life cycle assessment of an industrial component made with three different thermoplastics; two virgin thermoplastics typically used for similar parts in the market as Polyamide 6 and Polypropylene, and an alternative source of 100% recycled Polypropylene. All life cycle stages are included in the study. After carrying out the life cycle inventory, calculations of the environmental impact of each life cycle steps have been performed with ReCiPe 2016 EndPoint (H/A) v1.03/World and with IPCC 2013 GWP 100a v1.03 methodologies, comparing all three materials under the same conditions. A sensibility assessment has also been performed, calculating a worst-case scenario of the recycled material, and considering higher material acquisition distances. This study shows that recycled Polypropylene contributes to reducing the overall environmental impact of the component life cycle by 29.8% under ReCiPe, and by 42.8% under Carbon Footprint when compared to virgin Polypropylene. For the worst-case scenario, these reductions in the environmental impact of the component life cycle are also significant: 23.2% and 36.4%, respectively, showing that the use of recycled polymers is a key approach to reduce the environmental impact of plastic components.
José Eduardo Galve; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. Life Cycle Assessment of a Plastic Part Injected with Recycled Polypropylene: A Comparison with Alternative Virgin Materials. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleJosé Eduardo Galve, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Carlos Javierre. Life Cycle Assessment of a Plastic Part Injected with Recycled Polypropylene: A Comparison with Alternative Virgin Materials. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Eduardo Galve; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Plastic Part Injected with Recycled Polypropylene: A Comparison with Alternative Virgin Materials." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology , no. : 1-14.
The influence of the material composition of surface-mount device (SMD) diodes on the environment has been analysed in this research. This impact assessment has been performed by means of an environmental impact calculation through a life cycle assessment (LCA), in which the EcoInvent dataset has been updated and customised, generating a more precise environmental impact analysis by considering the exact material composition provided by several suppliers of diodes and also recycling during the production stage. Considering the EcoInvent diode dataset as a reference, variations from nearly 1640% to only 8.5% of the environmental impact have been achieved. For example, the impact per 1 g of SMD diodes can change the global warming potential from 292 g CO2 eq up to 354 g CO2 eq, whereas for abiotic depletion, values can change from 9.9 × 10−7 up to 1.9 × 10−4 kg Sb eq. The presence of critical raw materials such as antimony, cobalt, or magnesium, together with precious metals as gold or silver, highly influences the environmental impact values obtained, demonstrating the considerable influence on the environmental impact of the material composition of the SMD diodes analysed.
Carmelo Pina; Daniel Elduque; Patricia Gómez; Judith Sarasa; Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Material Composition SMD Diodes on Their Environmental Impact. Electronics 2021, 10, 1033 .
AMA StyleCarmelo Pina, Daniel Elduque, Patricia Gómez, Judith Sarasa, Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Material Composition SMD Diodes on Their Environmental Impact. Electronics. 2021; 10 (9):1033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmelo Pina; Daniel Elduque; Patricia Gómez; Judith Sarasa; Carlos Javierre. 2021. "Influence of the Material Composition SMD Diodes on Their Environmental Impact." Electronics 10, no. 9: 1033.
The influence of the composition of magnesium alloys on their environmental impact was analyzed. In order to perform a more accurate environmental impact calculation, life cycle assessment (LCA) with the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint and IPCC 2013 GWP (100 y) methodology was used, taking the EcoInvent AZ91 magnesium alloy dataset as reference. This dataset has been updated with the material composition range of several alloys included in the European standard EN 1753:2019. The balanced, maximum, and minimum environmental impact values were obtained. In general, the overall impact of the studied magnesium alloys varied from 3.046 Pt/kg to 4.853 Pt/kg and from 43.439 kg CO2 eq./kg to 55.427 kg CO2 eq./kg, depending on the composition. In the analysis of maximum and minimum environmental impacts, the alloy that had the highest uncertainty was 3.5251, with a range of ±7.20%. The element that contributed the most to increase its impact was silver. The AZ91 alloy, provided by the EcoInvent dataset, had a lower environmental impact than all the magnesium alloys studied in this work. The content of critical raw materials (CRMs) was also assessed, showing a high content in CRMs, between 89.72% and 98.22%.
Isabel García Gutiérrez; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Rafael Tobajas; Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Casting Magnesium Alloy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10494 .
AMA StyleIsabel García Gutiérrez, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Rafael Tobajas, Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Casting Magnesium Alloy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10494.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel García Gutiérrez; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Rafael Tobajas; Carlos Javierre. 2020. "Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Casting Magnesium Alloy." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10494.
A systematic study comparing the wear behaviour of composites with nylon matrix (PA66, PA46, PA12) and different nanoadditives and reinforcing additives (graphite, graphene, MoS2 and ZrO2) has been carried out in order to achieve a proper self-lubricant material for bearing cages. The wear characterisation was done using pin-on-disc tests, SEM and EDX analysis. The results show that better outcomes are obtained for composites based on PA12. The addition of ZrO2 offers negative values of wear due to the metallic particle transference from the counterface to the polymeric pin.
Isabel Clavería; Sofía Gimeno; Ignacio Miguel; Gemma Mendoza; Aleida Lostalé; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Daniel Elduque. Tribological Performance of Nylon Composites with Nanoadditives for Self-Lubrication Purposes. Polymers 2020, 12, 2253 .
AMA StyleIsabel Clavería, Sofía Gimeno, Ignacio Miguel, Gemma Mendoza, Aleida Lostalé, Ángel Fernández, Pere Castell, Daniel Elduque. Tribological Performance of Nylon Composites with Nanoadditives for Self-Lubrication Purposes. Polymers. 2020; 12 (10):2253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Clavería; Sofía Gimeno; Ignacio Miguel; Gemma Mendoza; Aleida Lostalé; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Daniel Elduque. 2020. "Tribological Performance of Nylon Composites with Nanoadditives for Self-Lubrication Purposes." Polymers 12, no. 10: 2253.
During the formatting phase of this article
Ana Elduque; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Isabel Clavería; Carlos Javierre. Correction: Elduque, A., et al. Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application. Materials 2020, 13, 2548 .
AMA StyleAna Elduque, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Isabel Clavería, Carlos Javierre. Correction: Elduque, A., et al. Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application. Materials. 2020; 13 (11):2548.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Elduque; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Isabel Clavería; Carlos Javierre. 2020. "Correction: Elduque, A., et al. Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application." Materials 13, no. 11: 2548.
Most of the mechanical components manufactured in rubber materials experience fluctuating loads, which cause material fatigue, significantly reducing their life. Different models have been used to approach this problem. However, most of them just provide life prediction only valid for each of the specific studied material and type of specimen used for the experimental testing. This work focuses on the development of a new generalized model of multiaxial fatigue for rubber materials, introducing a multiparameter variable to improve fatigue life prediction by considering simultaneously relevant information concerning stresses, strains, and strain energies. The model is verified through its correlation with several published fatigue tests for different rubber materials. The proposed model has been compared with more than 20 different parameters used in the specialized literature, calculating the value of the R2 coefficient by comparing the predicted values of every model, with the experimental ones. The obtained results show a significant improvement in the fatigue life prediction. The proposed model does not aim to be a universal and definitive approach for elastomer fatigue, but it provides a reliable general tool that can be used for processing data obtained from experimental tests carried out under different conditions.
Rafael Tobajas; Daniel Elduque; Elena Ibarz; Carlos Javierre; Luis Gracia. A New Multiparameter Model for Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction of Rubber Materials. Polymers 2020, 12, 1194 .
AMA StyleRafael Tobajas, Daniel Elduque, Elena Ibarz, Carlos Javierre, Luis Gracia. A New Multiparameter Model for Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction of Rubber Materials. Polymers. 2020; 12 (5):1194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Tobajas; Daniel Elduque; Elena Ibarz; Carlos Javierre; Luis Gracia. 2020. "A New Multiparameter Model for Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction of Rubber Materials." Polymers 12, no. 5: 1194.
This paper focuses on the tribological behaviour of ZrN/ZrCN coating on bearing steel substrates DIN 17230, 100Cr6/1.3505. Coatings are applied at room temperature processes by means of Cathodic Arc Evaporation (CAE), a kind of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique. In order to achieve a satisfactory compromise between coating-substrate adhesion and the surface roughness requirement of the bearing rings, a polish post-processing is proposed. Different polish post-processing times and conditions are applied. The coated and polished bearing rings are tested under real friction torque test protocols. These tests show that the application of the coating does not entail a significant improvement in friction performance of the bearing. However, fatigue tests in real test bench are pending to evaluate the possible improvement in bearing life time.
Isabel Clavería; Aleida Lostalé; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Daniel Elduque; Gemma Mendoza; Cristina Zubizarreta. Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of Rolling Bearings by Applying a Multilayer ZrN/ZrCN Coating. Coatings 2019, 9, 434 .
AMA StyleIsabel Clavería, Aleida Lostalé, Ángel Fernández, Pere Castell, Daniel Elduque, Gemma Mendoza, Cristina Zubizarreta. Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of Rolling Bearings by Applying a Multilayer ZrN/ZrCN Coating. Coatings. 2019; 9 (7):434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Clavería; Aleida Lostalé; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Daniel Elduque; Gemma Mendoza; Cristina Zubizarreta. 2019. "Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of Rolling Bearings by Applying a Multilayer ZrN/ZrCN Coating." Coatings 9, no. 7: 434.
The usage of recycled polymers for industrial purposes arises as one of the most promising methods of reducing environmental impact and costs associated with scrapping parts. This paper presents a systematic study of the dimensional stability of a raw and 100% recycled polypropylene subjected to realistic environmental conditions occurring along its working life. The component studied is an internal part of an induction hob assembly. Industrial samples manufactured with both materials, in the same mold, and in the same injection machine, are subjected to ejection conditions, storage conditions (50 °C), and extreme performance conditions (80 °C). Induced dimensional changes are registered and analyzed using a coordinate measuring machine, and a tactile sensing probe. To verify the process capability of the samples manufacturing, Cp and Cpk values are calculated to evaluate the suitability of the recycled material as an alternative. Results conclude that, although the use of recycled material implies slight differences in terms of dimensional stability due to the changes induced in the polymer structure, these differences are not significant enough to affect the injection process capability. Therefore, recycling arises as one effective method to reduce both overruns associated with the consumption of raw polypropylene material and its environmental impact.
José Eduardo Galve; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Isabel Clavería; Raquel Acero; Ángel Fernández; Carlos Javierre. Dimensional Stability and Process Capability of an Industrial Component Injected with Recycled Polypropylene. Polymers 2019, 11, 1063 .
AMA StyleJosé Eduardo Galve, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Isabel Clavería, Raquel Acero, Ángel Fernández, Carlos Javierre. Dimensional Stability and Process Capability of an Industrial Component Injected with Recycled Polypropylene. Polymers. 2019; 11 (6):1063.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Eduardo Galve; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Isabel Clavería; Raquel Acero; Ángel Fernández; Carlos Javierre. 2019. "Dimensional Stability and Process Capability of an Industrial Component Injected with Recycled Polypropylene." Polymers 11, no. 6: 1063.
An exhaustive study of the influence of ceramic glass material composition on the environmental impact has been performed. In order to perform a more accurate calculation of the environmental impact a life cycle assessment (LCA) was implemented using real material composition of ceramic glasses. Employing a sequential X-rays Fluorescence spectrometer, the composition of several ceramic glasses were analyzed, as this information is not published by the manufacturers. The environmental impact results of each ceramic glass were surveyed using EcoInvent v3.4 data, and SimaPro 8.4 software, following ReCiPe Endpoint and Carbon Footprint methodologies. The importance of considering the composition on the LCA is shown, establishing significant differences among the analyzed glasses. Few variations in the quantity of material composition generate high differences on the environmental impact values, demonstrating the high influence of the material composition on the environmental impact. Elements such as tin, lithium, and titanium are the ones that generate the highest contribution on the environmental impact. In contrast, silica sand shows the lowest impact in both methodologies despite it supposes between 58% and 63% of their compositions. Others such as barite and magnesium, together with neodymium emerged in the composition of the studied ceramic glasses as they are considered Critical Raw Materials by the European Union, due to their supply risk and economic importance.
Patricia Gómez; Daniel Elduque; Isabel Clavería; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Material Composition on the Environmental Impact of Ceramic Glasses. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 2019, 7, 431 -442.
AMA StylePatricia Gómez, Daniel Elduque, Isabel Clavería, Carmelo Pina, Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Material Composition on the Environmental Impact of Ceramic Glasses. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology. 2019; 7 (2):431-442.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Gómez; Daniel Elduque; Isabel Clavería; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. 2019. "Influence of the Material Composition on the Environmental Impact of Ceramic Glasses." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 7, no. 2: 431-442.
This paper focuses on tribological behavior of ZrCN coating on bearing steel substrates DIN 17230, 100Cr6 / 1.3505, fulfilling also roughness and adherence requirements. Two strategies are followed to achieve a reduction of coefficient of friction. Initially, a low roughness coating by using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD sputtering process) is developed. At this stage, PVD conditions guarantying adherence step and avoiding drops generated during that process are achieved. A second strategy consisting of application of several polish post-processes is proposed. These polish post-processes pretend to reduce roughness keeping, at the same time, a proper adherence. Different post-process durations and conditions are analysed to achieve positive adherence results. Coated bearing samples obtained from the application of these two strategies are tested in friction test rigs. These tests concluded that there is not a significant improvement of friction performance by applying ZrCN coatings compared to bearing baseline.
Isabel Claveria; Aleida Lostalé; Cristina Zubizarreta; Gemma Mendoza; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Daniel Elduque. Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of ZrCN Coating. Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleIsabel Claveria, Aleida Lostalé, Cristina Zubizarreta, Gemma Mendoza, Ángel Fernández, Pere Castell, Daniel Elduque. Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of ZrCN Coating. Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Claveria; Aleida Lostalé; Cristina Zubizarreta; Gemma Mendoza; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Daniel Elduque. 2019. "Enhancement of Tribological Behavior of ZrCN Coating." Proceedings of 1st Coatings and Interfaces Web Conference , no. : 1.
Graphene nanoflakes and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) were added to polyamide 66-based composites with glass fibre in order to improve their self-lubricating properties and make them suitable for high-performance bearing applications. The influence of texturing the surfaces was also investigated. The tribological behaviour was analysed for different combinations of hybrid polymeric composites, percentages of additive, and texturing geometries. The results show that the lowest low friction coefficients are obtained for PA66 + 30GF with 5% graphene. Worn surfaces, analysed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy confirm the enhancement of the tribological properties with the addition of graphene. Texturing results under dry lubrication are not relevant for tribological purposes.
Isabel Clavería; Daniel Elduque; Aleida Lostalé; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Carlos Javierre. Analysis of self-lubrication enhancement via PA66 strategies: Texturing and nano-reinforcement with ZrO2 and graphene. Tribology International 2018, 131, 332 -342.
AMA StyleIsabel Clavería, Daniel Elduque, Aleida Lostalé, Ángel Fernández, Pere Castell, Carlos Javierre. Analysis of self-lubrication enhancement via PA66 strategies: Texturing and nano-reinforcement with ZrO2 and graphene. Tribology International. 2018; 131 ():332-342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Clavería; Daniel Elduque; Aleida Lostalé; Ángel Fernández; Pere Castell; Carlos Javierre. 2018. "Analysis of self-lubrication enhancement via PA66 strategies: Texturing and nano-reinforcement with ZrO2 and graphene." Tribology International 131, no. : 332-342.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the composition on the environmental impact of the two main types of soft ferrites, allowing scientists and engineers to compare them based not only on cost and properties, but also on an environmental point of view. Iron oxides are the basis of soft ferrites, but these ferrites have a wide range of compositions, using materials such as manganese or nickel, which affect their magnetic properties, but also modify the environmental impact. A Life Cycle Assessment has been carried out for manganese‒zinc (MnZn) and nickel‒zinc (NiZn) soft ferrites, with a Monte Carlo approach to assess multiple compositions. The LCA model was developed with SimaPro 8.4, using the EcoInvent v3.4 life cycle inventory database. Environmental impact values were calculated under the ReCiPe and Carbon Footprint methodologies, obtaining a broad variety of results depending on the composition. The results were also significantly different from the standard EcoInvent ferrite. For the analyzed soft ferrites, the presence of manganese or nickel is a key factor from an environmental perspective, as these materials involve high environmental impacts, and their supply risk has increased during recent years, making them a concern for European manufacturers.
Patricia Gómez; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites. Materials 2018, 11, 1789 .
AMA StylePatricia Gómez, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites. Materials. 2018; 11 (10):1789.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Gómez; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. 2018. "Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites." Materials 11, no. 10: 1789.
Polymer injection-molding is one of the most used manufacturing processes for the production of plastic products. Its electricity consumption highly influences its cost as well as its environmental impact. Reducing these factors is one of the challenges that material science and production engineering face today. However, there is currently a lack of data regarding electricity consumption values for injection-molding, which leads to significant errors due to the inherent high variability of injection-molding and its configurations. In this paper, an empirical model is proposed to better estimate the electricity consumption and the environmental impact of the injection-molding process. This empirical model was created after measuring the electricity consumption of a wide range of parts. It provides a method to estimate both electricity consumption and environmental impact, taking into account characteristics of both the molded parts and the molding machine. A case study of an induction cooktop housing is presented, showing adequate accuracy of the empirical model and the importance of proper machine selection to reduce cost, electricity consumption, and environmental impact.
Ana Elduque; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Isabel Clavería; Carlos Javierre. Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application. Materials 2018, 11, 1740 .
AMA StyleAna Elduque, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Isabel Clavería, Carlos Javierre. Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application. Materials. 2018; 11 (9):1740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Elduque; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Isabel Clavería; Carlos Javierre. 2018. "Electricity Consumption Estimation of the Polymer Material Injection-Molding Manufacturing Process: Empirical Model and Application." Materials 11, no. 9: 1740.
In this work a nonlinear phenomenological visco-hyperelastic model including damage consideration is developed to simulate the behavior of Santoprene 101-73 material. This type of elastomeric material is widely used in the automotive and aeronautic sectors, as it has multiple advantages. However, there are still challenges in properly analyzing the mechanical phenomena that these materials exhibit. To simulate this kind of material a lot of theories have been exposed, but none of them have been endorsed unanimously. In this paper, a new model is presented based on the literature, and on experimental data. The test samples were extracted from an air intake duct component of an automotive engine. Inelastic phenomena such as hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity and damage are considered singularly in this model, thus modifying and improving some relevant models found in the literature. Optimization algorithms were used to find out the model parameter values that lead to the best fit of the experimental curves from the tests. An adequate fitting was obtained for the experimental results of a cyclic uniaxial loading of Santoprene 101-73.
Rafael Tobajas; Daniel Elduque; Elena Ibarz; Carlos Javierre; Alfonso F. Canteli; Luis Gracia. Visco-Hyperelastic Model with Damage for Simulating Cyclic Thermoplastic Elastomers Behavior Applied to an Industrial Component. Polymers 2018, 10, 668 .
AMA StyleRafael Tobajas, Daniel Elduque, Elena Ibarz, Carlos Javierre, Alfonso F. Canteli, Luis Gracia. Visco-Hyperelastic Model with Damage for Simulating Cyclic Thermoplastic Elastomers Behavior Applied to an Industrial Component. Polymers. 2018; 10 (6):668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Tobajas; Daniel Elduque; Elena Ibarz; Carlos Javierre; Alfonso F. Canteli; Luis Gracia. 2018. "Visco-Hyperelastic Model with Damage for Simulating Cyclic Thermoplastic Elastomers Behavior Applied to an Industrial Component." Polymers 10, no. 6: 668.
Polymer injection moulding is one of the most used manufacturing processes in the industry. Material and electricity consumption are two of the main points when analyzing the cost and also the environmental impact of this manufacturing processes. Reducing both cost and environmental impact of materials and manufacturing process is one of the key challenges that material science and engineering face today to be more sustainable. In the case of the polymer injection moulding manufacturing process, reducing its electricity consumption is key to achieve a more sustainable manufacturing process. However, a lack of data regarding real electrical consumption values, and how to estimate them has been found. In this paper, a model to estimate the electric consumption of the injectin molding manufacturing process is proposed. This consumption estimation is obtained by means of a parametric model which was created after monitoring the electricity consumption of a wide range of injected parts. By applying this empirical model a better assessment of the electricity consumption, and also the environmental impact of the process can be achieved. This model can be of great interest for manufacturing process engineers, Life Cycle Assessment practitioners and also the industry, as it provides a method to estimate the electricity consumption and cost of an injected part depending on its characteristics and the selected injection machine.
Daniel Elduque; Ana Elduque; Isabel Clavería; Carlos Javierre. Empirical Model to estimate the Electricity Consumption of the Polymer Material Injection Molding Manufacturing Process. Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Materials Sciences 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniel Elduque, Ana Elduque, Isabel Clavería, Carlos Javierre. Empirical Model to estimate the Electricity Consumption of the Polymer Material Injection Molding Manufacturing Process. Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Materials Sciences. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Elduque; Ana Elduque; Isabel Clavería; Carlos Javierre. 2018. "Empirical Model to estimate the Electricity Consumption of the Polymer Material Injection Molding Manufacturing Process." Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Materials Sciences , no. : 1.
The aim of this paper is to better understand the influence of the composition on the environmental impact of soft ferrite magnetic materials. Magnetically soft ferrites are ceramic homogeneous materials that have a cubic crystal structure. Soft ferrites have low coercitivity with a high resistivity, low losses and high permeability, and are commonly used in high frequency applications. A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out analyzing EcoInvent average ferrite dataset and updating it with material compositions of manganese-zinc (MnZn) ferrites, one of the major categories of soft ferrites. MnZn ferrites use iron oxide as their main component adding manganese oxide (17%-24.5% in weight) and zinc oxide (6.5%-14% in weight). Depending on their composition, their magnetical properties change (such as permeability, losses, Curie temperature…). The influence of the material composition has been assessed, obtaining more knowledge of their environmental impact. The main environmental problem that generates the use of soft ferrites, under ReCiPe methodology, is in the metal depletion category. Ferrites use in their composition metals that are scarce, such as Manganese. Manganese is included in the 2017 EU strategic materials list due to its high economic importance in the EU industry, and also its supply risk. The software used to develop the LCA model was SimaPro 8.4, with EcoInvent v3.4 life cycle inventory database. Both are currently the most used tools to evaluate environmental impact in the LCA scientific community. By means of the performed LCA, environmental impact values under ReCiPe methodology will be obtained to assess the influence of the composition on the overall impact. This analysis shows the large influence of material composition on the environmental impact of ferrites, allowing engineers and material scientist to choose between different ones taking also into account its sustainability.
Daniel Elduque; Patricia Gomez; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites. Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Materials Sciences 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniel Elduque, Patricia Gomez, Carmelo Pina, Carlos Javierre. Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites. Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Materials Sciences. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Elduque; Patricia Gomez; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. 2018. "Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites." Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Materials Sciences , no. : 1.
Luis Gracia; Carlos Javierre; Elena Ibarz; Daniel Elduque; Rafael Tobajas. A comparative study of hyperelastic constitutive models for an automotive shaft seal material. International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing 2018, 3, 171 .
AMA StyleLuis Gracia, Carlos Javierre, Elena Ibarz, Daniel Elduque, Rafael Tobajas. A comparative study of hyperelastic constitutive models for an automotive shaft seal material. International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing. 2018; 3 (2/3):171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Gracia; Carlos Javierre; Elena Ibarz; Daniel Elduque; Rafael Tobajas. 2018. "A comparative study of hyperelastic constitutive models for an automotive shaft seal material." International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing 3, no. 2/3: 171.
The use of thermoplastic elastomers has increased strongly in recent decades in order to improve the manufacturing of numerous components within the machinery construction and automotive industry. The high manufacturing costs for this type of materials require a careful design phase in order to the final product can be according with the required specifications. One of the most important challenges that engineers face when designing with this type of materials is the simulation of mechanical behaviour using numerical methods. This task is not always easy since these materials often have a strongly nonlinear behaviour. In this work, a thermoplastic elastomer material has been analysed and an automotive component has been studied by means of five numerical simulations with five different constitutive models of material. This study shows that a careful selection of the constitutive model must be made to obtain reliable results since although several constitutive models fit well with the experimental data of the uniaxial and planar extension tests, when used in real components, there are significant differences in the obtained results.
Rafael Tobajas; Daniel Elduque; Carlos Javierre; Elena Ibarz; Luis Gracia. A comparative study of hyperelastic constitutive models for an automotive shaft seal material. International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing 2018, 3, 171 .
AMA StyleRafael Tobajas, Daniel Elduque, Carlos Javierre, Elena Ibarz, Luis Gracia. A comparative study of hyperelastic constitutive models for an automotive shaft seal material. International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing. 2018; 3 (2/3):171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Tobajas; Daniel Elduque; Carlos Javierre; Elena Ibarz; Luis Gracia. 2018. "A comparative study of hyperelastic constitutive models for an automotive shaft seal material." International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing 3, no. 2/3: 171.
This paper analyzes the influence of the supply chain management on the environmental impact of a 2400 L waste disposal container used in most cities of Spain. The studied functional unit, a waste disposal container, made up mostly of plastic materials and a metallic structure, and manufactured in Madrid (Spain), is distributed to several cities at an average distance of 392 km. A life cycle assessment of four different scenarios (SC) has been calculated with the software EcoTool v4.0 (version 4.0; i+: Zaragoza, Spain, 2015) and using Ecoinvent v3.0 database (version 3.0; Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories: St. Gallen, Switzerland, 2013). The environmental impact has been characterized with two different methodologies, recipe and carbon footprint. In order to reduce the environmental impact, several end of life scenarios have been performed, analyzing the influence of the supply chain on a closed-looped system that increases recycling. Closed loop management of the waste and reuse of parts allows companies to stop selling products and start selling the service that their products give to the consumers.
José Eduardo Galve; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. Sustainable Supply Chain Management: The Influence of Disposal Scenarios on the Environmental Impact of a 2400 L Waste Container. Sustainability 2016, 8, 564 .
AMA StyleJosé Eduardo Galve, Daniel Elduque, Carmelo Pina, Carlos Javierre. Sustainable Supply Chain Management: The Influence of Disposal Scenarios on the Environmental Impact of a 2400 L Waste Container. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (6):564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Eduardo Galve; Daniel Elduque; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. 2016. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management: The Influence of Disposal Scenarios on the Environmental Impact of a 2400 L Waste Container." Sustainability 8, no. 6: 564.
The influence of alloy composition on the environmental impact of the production of six aluminum casting alloys (Al Si12Cu1(Fe), Al Si5Mg, Al Si9Cu3Zn3Fe, Al Si10Mg(Fe), Al Si9Cu3(Fe)(Zn) and Al Si9) has been analyzed. In order to perform a more precise environmental impact calculation, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with ReCiPe Endpoint methodology has been used, with the EcoInvent v3 AlMg3 aluminum alloy dataset as a reference. This dataset has been updated with the material composition ranges of the mentioned alloys. The balanced, maximum and minimum environmental impact values have been obtained. In general, the overall impact of the studied aluminum alloys varies from 5.98 × 10−1 pts to 1.09 pts per kg, depending on the alloy composition. In the analysis of maximum and minimum environmental impact, the alloy that has the highest uncertainty is AlSi9Cu3(Fe)(Zn), with a range of ±9%. The elements that contribute the most to increase its impact are Copper and Tin. The environmental impact of a specific case, an LED luminaire housing made out of an Al Si12Cu1(Fe) cast alloy, has been studied, showing the importance of considering the composition. Significant differences with the standard datasets that are currently available in EcoInvent v3 have been found.
Patricia Gómez; Daniel Elduque; Judith Sarasa; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. Influence of Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Cast Aluminum Alloy. Materials 2016, 9, 412 .
AMA StylePatricia Gómez, Daniel Elduque, Judith Sarasa, Carmelo Pina, Carlos Javierre. Influence of Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Cast Aluminum Alloy. Materials. 2016; 9 (6):412.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Gómez; Daniel Elduque; Judith Sarasa; Carmelo Pina; Carlos Javierre. 2016. "Influence of Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Cast Aluminum Alloy." Materials 9, no. 6: 412.