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Mr. Rubén Sánchez-López
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Performance Analysis
0 Soccer
0 Observational Methodology
0 tactical knowledge
0 football competence

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Short Biography

Rubén Sánchez is a fitness coach and game analyst for the second team of Getafe FC. He studied Physical Education Teaching and Sports Sciences at the Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain). His passion for the tactical dimension within the field of sports training moved him to Porto (Portugal), where he would specialize in football. Subsequently, he studied for several master's degrees and began his doctoral studies at the University of the Basque Country in order to investigate the evaluation of tactical knowledge in football, as well as the observational analysis of the football competence of the players.

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Review
Published: 24 July 2021 in Quality & Quantity
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In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluation tools which allow to measure the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) in soccer. Five databases (Web of Sciences, Pub Med, SportDiscus, Psycinfo and Eric) were used for the literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, according to five inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) tools that determinate DTK in soccer players, (ii) come from primary sources, that is, published for the first time, (iii) show game-play scenarios in video sequences or static images via questionnaires, (iv) have been submitted to a process of validity and reliability, (v) and avoid the use of verbal language. Nine tools were selected and analyzed in this systematic review: Soccer decision-making tests (McMorris, in Percept Mot Ski 85(2):467, 1997), Protocol for the evaluation of declarative tactical knowledge (Mangas, in Conhecimento declarativo no futebol: Estudo comparativo em praticantes federados e não-federados, do escalão de sub-14, Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 1999), Questionnaire for the evaluation of tactical comprehension applied to football—CECTAF—(De la Vega, in Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2002. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1723/11535_vega_marcos_ricardodela.pdf?sequence=1), Decision making instrument for Soccer (Fontana, in The development of a decision making instrument for soccer, Master’s degree dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2004. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10124/), Game Understanding Test (Blomqvist et al., in Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy 10(2):107–119, 2005), Offensive Football Tactical Knowledge Test—TCTOF—(Serra-Olivares and García-López, in Revista Internacional De Medicina y Ciencias De La Actividad Física y Del Deporte 16(63):521–536, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.63.008), Video-based decision-making test (Keller et al., in Int J Sports Sci Coach 13(6):1057–1066, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778), Decision-Making form IOS application (Bennett et al., in J Sci Med Sport 22(6):729–734, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.011) and TacticUP video test for soccer (Machado and Teoldo, in Front Psychol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01690). Most of the tools did not pass many of the criteria proposed to assess their quality. Fundamentally, it can be concluded that few tools show specific tactical scores based on game principles or subroles that allow identifying possible points of improvement in the knowledge that players have on specific aspects of the game. For this reason, and based on the other findings found in this review, future studies should consider: (i) the importance of designing tools that reflect scores based on tactical principles and game subroles; (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of designing tools based on static images or video sequences; (iii) the need to design tools that can access the DTK of young children; (iv) the requirement to design tools that present game-play scenarios in the first person; (v) the essentiality of facing the tools designed to rigorous processes of validity and reliability.

ACS Style

Rubén Sánchez-López; Ibon Echeazarra; Julen Castellano. Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer. Quality & Quantity 2021, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Rubén Sánchez-López, Ibon Echeazarra, Julen Castellano. Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer. Quality & Quantity. 2021; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rubén Sánchez-López; Ibon Echeazarra; Julen Castellano. 2021. "Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer." Quality & Quantity , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The use of instruments for the evaluation of a player’s procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) in sociomotor sports, such as football, is a line of research of growing interest since it allows a pertinent description of the player’s football competence. The aim of this study is to configure and validate an ad-hoc observational tool that allows evaluating the player’s PTK, understood as football competence, from the observation, coding and recording of the roles, the actions of the acquired subroles and the operational and specific principles of football in the attack and defense phases. Based on the Delphi method, a field format coding instrument was designed and validated where each criterion is a system of categories, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. The results showed excellent content validity (9.02 out of 10), and high values of intra-observer stability (k = 0.747) and inter-observer agreement (k = 0.665). Generalizability analysis showed an excellent reliability (G = 0.99). Additionally, the construct validity of the tool was calculated through a small-sided game Gk + 4v4 + Gk, using two independent samples: semi-professional and amateur players. The results reflected significant differences (α < 0.05) between both samples in the variables total score, offensive score and defensive score. Therefore, this study provides a valid and reliable instrument that allows data collection in a rigorous and pertinent way, as well as their analysis and evaluation in attack and defense according to the roles of the players and based on the motor behaviors that they perform using the subroles that they acquired, associated with the technical dimension, along with the principles that they develop in parallel, in support of the tactical dimension.

ACS Style

Rubén Sánchez-López; Ibon Echeazarra; Julen Castellano. Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6780 .

AMA Style

Rubén Sánchez-López, Ibon Echeazarra, Julen Castellano. Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rubén Sánchez-López; Ibon Echeazarra; Julen Castellano. 2021. "Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6780.