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Kazuyo Matsubae is a professor at the Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Japan. Specializing in the analysis of sustainable material cycles, she has engaged in IO-based material flow analysis and conducted several case studies on agricultural nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, and critical metals including Ni, Cr, Mo, and other steel alloying elements. Her current interest is in the identification of supply chain risks through resource consumption from a life cycle perspective.
While the successful reclamation of coal post-mining land sites in Indonesia has been evaluated, no cost-benefit analysis has been carried out on the reclamation of mined land, and the impact of the reclamation work has not been determined. The results of this case study indicate that reclamation work is not an emission-free process, but that the benefits delivered from this work are considerable. It was found that the emissions involved at the coal mined reclamation in Indonesia were 25.4–26.6 t-CO2/ha, with topsoil management and land preparation contributing over 98% of the total emissions (9.5 t-CO2/ha and 16 t-CO2/ha, respectively). The ability of the trees on the reclaimed land to absorb CO2 emissions was calculated to be 26.4 t-CO2/ha, with the amount of oxygen produced calculated to be as much as 143 t-O2/ha of oxygen. The economic value of the ecosystem services delivered by reclamation was over USD 27,750/ha. This is higher than the USD 8642–9417/ha cost of establishing the reclamation work. Improvements to reclamation work could be designed mining and reclamation plans with attention paid to reducing fuel consumption, and therefore, reducing CO2 emissions. Furthermore, law enforcement and transparency, human resource development, and community participation are strongly required.
Imam Setiawan; Zhengyang Zhang; Glen Corder; Kazuyo Matsubae. Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Land Reclamation in the Indonesian Coal Mining Industry. Resources 2021, 10, 60 .
AMA StyleImam Setiawan, Zhengyang Zhang, Glen Corder, Kazuyo Matsubae. Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Land Reclamation in the Indonesian Coal Mining Industry. Resources. 2021; 10 (6):60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImam Setiawan; Zhengyang Zhang; Glen Corder; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2021. "Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Land Reclamation in the Indonesian Coal Mining Industry." Resources 10, no. 6: 60.
The excessive consumption of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), two vital nutrients for living organisms, is associated with negative environmental and health impacts. While food production contributes to a large amount of N and P loss to the environment, very little N and P is consumed as food. Food habits are affected by multiple regulations, including the dietary restrictions and dictates of various religions. In this study, religion-sensitive N-Calculator and P-Calculator approaches were used to determine the impact of religious dietary culture on the food N and P footprints of India in the major religious communities. Using 2013 data, the food N footprint of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists was 10.70, 11.45, 11.47, and 7.39 kg-N capita−1 year−1 (10.82 kg-N capita−1 year−1 was the national average), and the food P footprint was 1.46, 1.58, 1.04. and 1.58 kg-P capita−1 year−1 (1.48 kg-P capita−1 year−1 was the national average). The findings highlight the impact of individual choice on the N and P food footprints, and the importance of encouraging the followers of religion to follow a diet consistent with the food culture of that religion. The results of this study are a clear indication of the requirement for religion-sensitive analyses in the collecting of data pertinent to a particular country for use in making government policies designed to improve the recycling of food waste and the treatment of wastewater.
Aurup Dhar; Azusa Oita; Kazuyo Matsubae. The Effect of Religious Dietary Cultures on Food Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprints: A Case Study of India. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1926 .
AMA StyleAurup Dhar, Azusa Oita, Kazuyo Matsubae. The Effect of Religious Dietary Cultures on Food Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprints: A Case Study of India. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (6):1926.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAurup Dhar; Azusa Oita; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2021. "The Effect of Religious Dietary Cultures on Food Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprints: A Case Study of India." Nutrients 13, no. 6: 1926.
The importance of recycling end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has been widely acknowledged as a means of reducing ELV waste to the environment. This reduced environmental waste contributes to achieving a number of UN SDGs, including the creation of sustainable cities. The recovery of secondary resources, such as metals, from the recycling of ELVs also reduces over-dependence on primary resources. This promotes efficient resource utilization and resource conservation. While recycling systems have been established and laws governing ELV recycling have been implemented in some developed countries, there are no such systems in much of the world, and regulations are few if any. To determine the challenges and opportunities for ELV recycling in developing countries, the literature on ELV recycling processes and activities was reviewed, and a SWOT analysis was done based on the data compiled from the literature, to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. From the SWOT analysis, the common features identified as opportunities were large market size, low labor cost, and the presence of recyclers of ELV parts. The common strengths were identified to be the vehicle registration system, vehicle manufacturing, ELV legislation, ELV recycling, and the waste management system. In the case of weaknesses, the identified features were the technological capacity, waste regulatory framework, vehicle deregistration, ELV regulatory framework, environmental impact and pollution, and the lack of access to information regarding ELVs, and ELV recycling infrastructure. The common threats were perceived as the little attention given to ELV recycling by the governing authorities, the difficulty of doing business, and political and social instability. The results of the SWOT analysis also showed that the opportunities were considerable and the threats were significant for all of the countries in this study. The weaknesses were significant in Nigeria and the other developing countries, and the strengths of the emerging economies tended to be greater. While weaknesses and threats were clearly identified by the SWOT analysis, the SWOT analysis also revealed the strengths and opportunities for recycling ELVs in developing and emerging countries.
Solange Numfor; Geoffrey Omosa; Zhengyang Zhang; Kazuyo Matsubae. A Review of Challenges and Opportunities for End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies: A SWOT Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4918 .
AMA StyleSolange Numfor, Geoffrey Omosa, Zhengyang Zhang, Kazuyo Matsubae. A Review of Challenges and Opportunities for End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies: A SWOT Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4918.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSolange Numfor; Geoffrey Omosa; Zhengyang Zhang; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2021. "A Review of Challenges and Opportunities for End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies: A SWOT Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4918.
To meet the Paris Agreement’s climate mitigation objectives, there is an urgent global need to reduce coal combustion. Yet coal usage, particularly in the power sector, is rising in many developing countries. Indonesia is a notable example. While government policy is widely considered as the principle driver of Indonesia’s increasing coal consumption, studies have largely overlooked the influence of socioeconomic forces. To understand these effects, we utilize a decomposition analysis to capture the individual effect of five drivers of coal consumption in Indonesia over 1965 to 2017: (1) the energy mix, (2) energy intensity of GDP, (3) population, (4) urbanization, and (5) urban incomes. Results show the energy mix has exerted the largest effect on coal consumption. In addition, by accounting for other socio-economic influences, we found that other less appreciated factors have contributed to rising coal consumption. In order of contribution these were the urban economic effect, the growing relative share of urban population, and the population increase itself in absolute terms. We thus demonstrate that the drivers of growing coal consumption are multi-faced, complex and intertwined. Our findings show that developing nations such as Indonesia share a need to decouple urban population growth and increasing per capita wealth from fossil fuel (and coal) emissions.
Robi Kurniawan; Gregory P. Trencher; Achmed S. Edianto; Imam E. Setiawan; Kazuyo Matsubae. Understanding the Multi-Faceted Drivers of Increasing Coal Consumption in Indonesia. Energies 2020, 13, 3660 .
AMA StyleRobi Kurniawan, Gregory P. Trencher, Achmed S. Edianto, Imam E. Setiawan, Kazuyo Matsubae. Understanding the Multi-Faceted Drivers of Increasing Coal Consumption in Indonesia. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobi Kurniawan; Gregory P. Trencher; Achmed S. Edianto; Imam E. Setiawan; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2020. "Understanding the Multi-Faceted Drivers of Increasing Coal Consumption in Indonesia." Energies 13, no. 14: 3660.
Substantial losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the environment occur during food production. These emissions of reactive N (Nr) and P have adverse effects on the environment. The life cycle emissions of Nr and P due to resource consumption can be quantified using N and P footprints. In this study, a common framework developed for the purpose of making comparisons was used to examine the food N and P footprints of China, India, and Japan from 1961 to 2013. The footprints increased significantly in China after 1976 (5.4–19.3 kg-N capita−1 yr−1 and 1.20–4.77 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 1976–2013) with the higher consumption of meat and vegetables. In India, an increase in milk and vegetable consumption resulted in a gradual increase in the footprints since 1976 (8.5–11.4 kg-N capita−1 yr−1, 0.99–1.6 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 1976–2013). In Japan, the footprints increased until 1993 (12.2–28.3 kg-N capita−1 yr−1, 2.59–8.43 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 1961–1993) before declining (21.8 kg-N capita−1 yr−1, 6.05 kg-P capita−1 yr−1 in 2013), with a constant increase in meat consumption, a decrease in cereals, and improvements in nutrient use efficiency. The N footprint tends to be more sensitive to the consumption of meat, milk, oil crops, fish, and seafood, and the P footprint tends to be more sensitive to vegetables. By analysing the Asian giants, the key food items to target to reduce the footprints are identified. If the per-capita average footprints in high and middle income countries were the same as that in Japan in 1993, the global food N and P footprints would increase by factors of 1.18–1.89 by 2030. The use of these results with other advances in agriculture practices has the potential to improve nutrient use efficiency and to promote more efficiently-produced food.
Azusa Oita; Farah Wirasenjaya; Jiarui Liu; Elizabeth Webeck; Kazuyo Matsubae. Trends in the food nitrogen and phosphorus footprints for Asia's giants: China, India, and Japan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 157, 104752 .
AMA StyleAzusa Oita, Farah Wirasenjaya, Jiarui Liu, Elizabeth Webeck, Kazuyo Matsubae. Trends in the food nitrogen and phosphorus footprints for Asia's giants: China, India, and Japan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 157 ():104752.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzusa Oita; Farah Wirasenjaya; Jiarui Liu; Elizabeth Webeck; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2020. "Trends in the food nitrogen and phosphorus footprints for Asia's giants: China, India, and Japan." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 157, no. : 104752.
Understanding the impacts of tsunamis, especially in terms of damage and losses, is important for disaster mitigation and management. The aim of this study is to present our estimations of the potential losses from tsunami damage on Okinawa Island. We combine the use of a tsunami hazard map and our proposed economic loss model to estimate the potential losses that would be sustained by Okinawa Island in the event of a tsunami. First, to produce the tsunami hazard map, we calculated tsunami flow characteristics using the mathematical model TUNAMI-N2 and incorporating 6 earthquake fault scenarios around the study area. The earthquake scenarios are based on historical records along the Ryukyu Trench and the Okinawa. The resulting inundation map is overlaid with economic land use type and topography maps to identify vulnerable regions, which are then employed to compute potential economic losses. Second, we used our proposed economic model for this study area to calculate the potential losses that would be sustained in these vulnerable regions. Our economic model extends the multi-regional-input-output (MRIO) model, where the economic values of industrial sectors are scaled to correlate with land use and topography types (coastal and inland areas) to calculate losses through the Chenery–Moses estimation method. Direct losses can be estimated from the total input of the MRIO table, while indirect losses are computed from the direct losses and interaction parameter of the MRIO table. The interaction parameter is formed by linear programming and calculated using the Leontief methodology. Our results show that the maximum total damaged area under the 6 earthquake scenarios is approximately 30 km2. Inundation ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 m in depth covers the largest area of approximately 10 km2 and is followed by areas with inundation depths of 1.0–2.0 m and >5.0 m. Our findings show that direct losses will occur, while indirect losses are only approximately 56% that of direct losses. This approach could be applied to other areas and tsunami scenarios, which will aid disaster management and adaptation policies.
Kwanchai Pakoksung; Anawat Suppasri; Kazuyo Matsubae; Fumihiko Imamura. Estimating Tsunami Economic Losses of Okinawa Island with Multi-Regional-Input-Output Modeling. Geosciences 2019, 9, 349 .
AMA StyleKwanchai Pakoksung, Anawat Suppasri, Kazuyo Matsubae, Fumihiko Imamura. Estimating Tsunami Economic Losses of Okinawa Island with Multi-Regional-Input-Output Modeling. Geosciences. 2019; 9 (8):349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwanchai Pakoksung; Anawat Suppasri; Kazuyo Matsubae; Fumihiko Imamura. 2019. "Estimating Tsunami Economic Losses of Okinawa Island with Multi-Regional-Input-Output Modeling." Geosciences 9, no. 8: 349.
According to the concept of a circular economy, further promotion of reuse and recycling might aid in closing the loop. However, material recycling may cause various types of material losses due to thermodynamic limitations and product complexity. In this study, we focused on automobile engines and their reuse, with the aim of quantifying the amount of dissipated steel alloy and its constituent elements (nickel and chromium) from the engine recycling process. We also elaborated upon their dissipation paths by using the MaTrace model [S. Nakamura, et al., MaTrace: Tracing the fate of materials over time and across products in open-loop recycling, Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 7207 (2014)]. We evaluated the impact mitigation of material dissipation and the effects of reuse on the extension of product service life. We found that 22% of steel, 21% of nickel, and 63% of chromium was dissipated in total after 50 years; typically, nickel dissipates during the recovery process while chromium does so during the refinery process. Although the impacts on the reduction of material losses remained nearly the same after replacing 40 of 100% material recycling to parts reuse, greater possibilities could be achieved with respect to the service life extension of products when compared with 100% recycling.
Zhengyang Zhang; Kentaro Takeyama; Hajime Ohno; Kazuyo Matsubae; Kenichi Nakajima; Tetsuya Nagasaka. An estimation of the amount of dissipated alloy elements in special steel from automobile recycling. Matériaux & Techniques 2019, 107, 105 .
AMA StyleZhengyang Zhang, Kentaro Takeyama, Hajime Ohno, Kazuyo Matsubae, Kenichi Nakajima, Tetsuya Nagasaka. An estimation of the amount of dissipated alloy elements in special steel from automobile recycling. Matériaux & Techniques. 2019; 107 (1):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhengyang Zhang; Kentaro Takeyama; Hajime Ohno; Kazuyo Matsubae; Kenichi Nakajima; Tetsuya Nagasaka. 2019. "An estimation of the amount of dissipated alloy elements in special steel from automobile recycling." Matériaux & Techniques 107, no. 1: 105.
In today's global economy, sustainable resource management requires a consumption perspective of resource use and insight into actual resource use through the global supply chain. The estimated global amount of used and unused extraction caused by mineral extraction of iron, copper, and nickel more than doubled from 1990 to 2013 (iron: 2.8 to 6.7 Pg; copper: 2.7 to 5.5 Pg; and nickel: 0.19 to 0.60 Pg). By incorporating global material flow into a global link input-output model (GLIO, a hybrid multiregional IO model), we estimated the total used and unused extraction caused by iron, copper, and nickel mining induced by Japanese final demand to be 0.44 Pg, 0.52 Pg, and 0.043 Pg in 2011, respectively, equivalent to 7.1% of the total global extraction amount caused by iron mining, 11% of the amount caused by copper mining, and 10% of the amount caused by nickel mining. Whereas the world extraction total caused by iron, copper, and nickel mining rapidly increased from 2005 to 2011, the extraction amount induced by Japanese final demand for the same period either stayed about the same (iron) or decreased slightly (copper, 99% of the 2005 amount; nickel, 92%).
Kenichi Nakajima; Shoichiro Noda; Keisuke Nansai; Kazuyo Matsubae; Wataru Takayanagi; Makoto Tomita. Global Distribution of Used and Unused Extracted Materials Induced by Consumption of Iron, Copper, and Nickel. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 53, 1555 -1563.
AMA StyleKenichi Nakajima, Shoichiro Noda, Keisuke Nansai, Kazuyo Matsubae, Wataru Takayanagi, Makoto Tomita. Global Distribution of Used and Unused Extracted Materials Induced by Consumption of Iron, Copper, and Nickel. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 53 (3):1555-1563.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenichi Nakajima; Shoichiro Noda; Keisuke Nansai; Kazuyo Matsubae; Wataru Takayanagi; Makoto Tomita. 2018. "Global Distribution of Used and Unused Extracted Materials Induced by Consumption of Iron, Copper, and Nickel." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 3: 1555-1563.
In this empirically grounded perspective, we explore how, if managed correctly, mining might go beyond a straight conversion of finite natural capital to financial resources. We suggest a process where mineral extraction could act as a catalyst for more diversified growth and even serve as a basis to restore forms of ‘natural capital’ it had previously diminished. The case in point—small in scale but significant in consequence—is the particularly challenging instance of the small-island state of Nauru, which has a very negative history of socio-ecological impacts of phosphate mining. Yet, the degraded landscape requires capital investment which could be reaped from restoration of the land using revenues generated from exporting the waste rock pinnacles as branded household counter-tops and pavement stone products with an “island provenance premium”. Furthermore, we use an industrial ecology method to show that Nauru’s secondary phosphate can be shown to be less environmentally impactful than comparable phosphate from other sources. This has potential for further “green branding” of the Island’s products. We contend that implementing such a restoration approach that harnesses the remaining mineral capital with care has the potential, to diversify the island’s economy from one dependent on extractive industries and donors to agroforestry, fishing and tourism. A holistic approach is offered that considers prudent use of Nauru’s remaining mineral resources towards an agenda of ecological restoration and economic diversification that will allow the island to prosper after the phosphates it has traditionally relied upon are depleted.
Martin J. Clifford; Saleem Ali; Kazuyo Matsubae. Mining, land restoration and sustainable development in isolated islands: An industrial ecology perspective on extractive transitions on Nauru. Ambio 2018, 48, 397 -408.
AMA StyleMartin J. Clifford, Saleem Ali, Kazuyo Matsubae. Mining, land restoration and sustainable development in isolated islands: An industrial ecology perspective on extractive transitions on Nauru. Ambio. 2018; 48 (4):397-408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin J. Clifford; Saleem Ali; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2018. "Mining, land restoration and sustainable development in isolated islands: An industrial ecology perspective on extractive transitions on Nauru." Ambio 48, no. 4: 397-408.
Kenichi Nakajima; Ichiro Daigo; Keisuke Nansai; Kazuyo Matsubae; Wataru Takayanagi; Makoto Tomita; Yasunari Matsuno. Global distribution of material consumption: Nickel, copper, and iron. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018, 133, 369 -374.
AMA StyleKenichi Nakajima, Ichiro Daigo, Keisuke Nansai, Kazuyo Matsubae, Wataru Takayanagi, Makoto Tomita, Yasunari Matsuno. Global distribution of material consumption: Nickel, copper, and iron. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018; 133 ():369-374.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenichi Nakajima; Ichiro Daigo; Keisuke Nansai; Kazuyo Matsubae; Wataru Takayanagi; Makoto Tomita; Yasunari Matsuno. 2018. "Global distribution of material consumption: Nickel, copper, and iron." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 133, no. : 369-374.
This chapter examines the role of iron ore phosphorus in the development of steelmaking. The prosperity of steelmaking nations strongly depended on how they strategically dealt with iron ores with various phosphorus contents. At the beginning of steelmaking, the ore’s phosphorus content was immaterial. However, as the quality of steel improved, the effect of phosphorus became obvious. In Europe, iron ores with higher and lower phosphorus content were minable, prompting the development of the Thomas and Bessemer steelmaking processes, respectively. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, the main steel producer was the UK using the Bessemer process, but then it shifted to Germany adopting the Thomas process, followed by the USA, which used both open-hearth furnaces for scrap steels and the Thomas process until the mid-twentieth century. In these transitions, Germany found that slag, a steelmaking by-product with higher phosphorus content, could be used as phosphate fertilizer. Japan invented a phosphorus-oriented steelmaking process charging phosphate ore in addition to iron ore; in this process, slag with higher phosphorus was used as fertilizer. After World War II, Japan developed a highly efficient iron ore transpiration system using bulk carrier, and the introduction of the so-called Linz-Donawitz converter process with oxygen gas strongly promoted Japan to the steelmaking mainstream up to the present; most of their products contain extremely low phosphorus. Thus, innovative changes in steelmaking can be explained from the standpoint of the iron ore phosphorus content. From these summaries, future strategies for steel industries are discussed.
E. Yamasue; K. Matsubae. Phosphorus in Steelmaking Processes. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling 2018, 349 -364.
AMA StyleE. Yamasue, K. Matsubae. Phosphorus in Steelmaking Processes. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling. 2018; ():349-364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Yamasue; K. Matsubae. 2018. "Phosphorus in Steelmaking Processes." Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling , no. : 349-364.
This chapter will explore whether the differences in the process development for phosphorus recovery and recycling and its implementation in Europe and Japan are linked to the waste flows and the regulative framework. The main waste flows and their qualities are summarized for the two geographical areas. Then a comparative overview of the full-scale applications and their importance in relation to the potential is presented. The drivers for phosphorus recycling and the expected further development in Europe and Japan are described.
Anders Nättorp; Christian Kabbe; Kazuyo Matsubae; Hisao Ohtake. Development of Phosphorus Recycling in Europe and Japan. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling 2018, 3 -27.
AMA StyleAnders Nättorp, Christian Kabbe, Kazuyo Matsubae, Hisao Ohtake. Development of Phosphorus Recycling in Europe and Japan. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling. 2018; ():3-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnders Nättorp; Christian Kabbe; Kazuyo Matsubae; Hisao Ohtake. 2018. "Development of Phosphorus Recycling in Europe and Japan." Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling , no. : 3-27.
In this chapter, phosphorus resource flow was analyzed to determine the extent of the dependency of Asian countries on other countries to meet their phosphorus requirements. Additionally, a virtual phosphorus flow analysis was conducted to determine the future phosphorus demand in various Asian countries. The future phosphorus scenarios in Asia are also discussed based on the findings of these analyses. The findings on the basis of virtual phosphorus analysis indicated that from the life cycle perspective, Asian growing economy became to need more and more virtual phosphorus and many Asian countries rely strongly on phosphorus imports via the international trade supply chain. Thus, they realize that high economic and political risks are associated with the secured supply of phosphorus. Another important finding is that besides population growth, urbanization and economic growth in Asia are likely to be strong driving forces for higher phosphorus demand in the future. Considering the untapped P in waste streams, it was clarified that the steelmaking slag should be one of a good target to introduce P recycling technology for two big Asian steel producing countries, China and India. Approximately 7% and 5% of the virtual P-requirement for plant-based food and feed production was lost in China and India, respectively.
Kazuyo Matsubae; Elizabeth Webeck. Phosphorus Flows in Asia. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling 2018, 29 -44.
AMA StyleKazuyo Matsubae, Elizabeth Webeck. Phosphorus Flows in Asia. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling. 2018; ():29-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuyo Matsubae; Elizabeth Webeck. 2018. "Phosphorus Flows in Asia." Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling , no. : 29-44.
Securing stable material supply is of paramount importance since materials are fundamental to the economy and human well-being. The domestic production to consumption ratio has conventionally been utilized as a main index for external dependency in terms of material supply security and its criticality. However, the conventional approach confines its application to raw materials, which potentially risks reaching short-sighted conclusions in the policy-making process. Beyond the conventional analysis of external dependency, the development of a more applicable approach for every material is of paramount importance to consider the diversification of external dependency more comprehensively and to aid the analysis of overall material criticality. As such, this paper establishes a new methodology for analyzing external dependency related to every material and product by using the concept of total material requirement (TMR). Applying the methodology, the external dependency of sulfuric acid production in Japan is evaluated as a case study. Previously unexamined elements associated with external dependency in the conventional approach are revealed by this new comprehensive approach. The new approach may be of use to policymakers in designing more sophisticated and well-grounded material securement policy.
Shoki Kosai; Seiji Hashimoto; Kazuyo Matsubae; Benjamin McLellan; Eiji Yamasue. Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study. Minerals 2018, 8, 114 .
AMA StyleShoki Kosai, Seiji Hashimoto, Kazuyo Matsubae, Benjamin McLellan, Eiji Yamasue. Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study. Minerals. 2018; 8 (3):114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShoki Kosai; Seiji Hashimoto; Kazuyo Matsubae; Benjamin McLellan; Eiji Yamasue. 2018. "Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study." Minerals 8, no. 3: 114.
Jun Nakatani; Kiyotaka Tahara; Kenichi Nakajima; Ichiro Daigo; Hideaki Kurishima; Yuki Kudoh; Kazuyo Matsubae; Yasuhiro Fukushima; Tomohiko Ihara; Yasunori Kikuchi; Asako Nishijima; Yuichi Moriguchi. A graph theory-based methodology for vulnerability assessment of supply chains using the life cycle inventory database. Omega 2018, 75, 165 -181.
AMA StyleJun Nakatani, Kiyotaka Tahara, Kenichi Nakajima, Ichiro Daigo, Hideaki Kurishima, Yuki Kudoh, Kazuyo Matsubae, Yasuhiro Fukushima, Tomohiko Ihara, Yasunori Kikuchi, Asako Nishijima, Yuichi Moriguchi. A graph theory-based methodology for vulnerability assessment of supply chains using the life cycle inventory database. Omega. 2018; 75 ():165-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Nakatani; Kiyotaka Tahara; Kenichi Nakajima; Ichiro Daigo; Hideaki Kurishima; Yuki Kudoh; Kazuyo Matsubae; Yasuhiro Fukushima; Tomohiko Ihara; Yasunori Kikuchi; Asako Nishijima; Yuichi Moriguchi. 2018. "A graph theory-based methodology for vulnerability assessment of supply chains using the life cycle inventory database." Omega 75, no. : 165-181.
Kiwamu Katagiri; Masafumi Mizoguchi; Kazuyo Matsubae; Tetsuya Nagasaka. Material Flow Analysis of Nitrogen Around Industries in Japan from 2005 to 2015. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 2018, 14, 319 -331.
AMA StyleKiwamu Katagiri, Masafumi Mizoguchi, Kazuyo Matsubae, Tetsuya Nagasaka. Material Flow Analysis of Nitrogen Around Industries in Japan from 2005 to 2015. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. 2018; 14 (4):319-331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiwamu Katagiri; Masafumi Mizoguchi; Kazuyo Matsubae; Tetsuya Nagasaka. 2018. "Material Flow Analysis of Nitrogen Around Industries in Japan from 2005 to 2015." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 14, no. 4: 319-331.
Eiji Yamasue; Shoki Kosai; Benjamin McLellan; Kazuyo Matsubae. Framework and Evaluation of Total Material Requirement for Food Material: Specific TMR for Food Material in Japan. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 2018, 14, 146 -157.
AMA StyleEiji Yamasue, Shoki Kosai, Benjamin McLellan, Kazuyo Matsubae. Framework and Evaluation of Total Material Requirement for Food Material: Specific TMR for Food Material in Japan. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. 2018; 14 (2):146-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEiji Yamasue; Shoki Kosai; Benjamin McLellan; Kazuyo Matsubae. 2018. "Framework and Evaluation of Total Material Requirement for Food Material: Specific TMR for Food Material in Japan." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 14, no. 2: 146-157.
リンは窒素・カリウムと並び植物の生長に必須の三大栄養素の一つであり、肥料原料に欠かすことのできない資源の一つである。現在、経済圏で用いられるリン資源の大半は鉱石由来のリンである。USGSの2018年の報告によると産出量については、中国、モロッコ、アメリカの3カ国で世界全体の産出量の約75%を占め、世界全体でのリン鉱石の経済埋蔵量のうち7割以上はモロッコ一国が占めている。リン鉱石の多くは肥料原料に用いられるが、半導体、表面処理剤、EV二次電池、医薬品や加工食品等の工業用途も大きな需要がある。食料供給に欠かすことのできない資源として、欧州をはじめ各国・地域でリンを戦略的資源とみなし、その持続的な利用について熱心な議論が進められている。持続可能なリン資源管理・保全に向け、今後、農業をはじめとするリン資源を活用する産業での資源利用効率の向上を目指し、未利用リン資源回収・再資源化技術開発、循環資源利用技術の産業化に向けた経済的・効率的な条件確立が期待される。
Kazuyo Matsubae; Hisao Ohtake. International Trends in Sustainable Phosphorus Management. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 2018, 14, 134 -140.
AMA StyleKazuyo Matsubae, Hisao Ohtake. International Trends in Sustainable Phosphorus Management. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. 2018; 14 (2):134-140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuyo Matsubae; Hisao Ohtake. 2018. "International Trends in Sustainable Phosphorus Management." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 14, no. 2: 134-140.
Kazuyo Matsubae. Report on the 3rd Symposium on Sustainable Phosphorus Use. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 2018, 14, 171 -172.
AMA StyleKazuyo Matsubae. Report on the 3rd Symposium on Sustainable Phosphorus Use. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. 2018; 14 (2):171-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuyo Matsubae. 2018. "Report on the 3rd Symposium on Sustainable Phosphorus Use." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 14, no. 2: 171-172.
Kazuyo Matsubae. Towards Sustainable Agricultural Nutrient Management. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 2018, 14, 119 -119.
AMA StyleKazuyo Matsubae. Towards Sustainable Agricultural Nutrient Management. Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan. 2018; 14 (2):119-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazuyo Matsubae. 2018. "Towards Sustainable Agricultural Nutrient Management." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 14, no. 2: 119-119.