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Landscape architects play a significant role in safeguarding urban landscapes and human well-being by means of design and they call for practical knowledge, skills, and methods to address increasing environmental pressure. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are recognized as highly related to landscape architecture (LA) studies, and the outcomes of CES evaluations have the potential to support LA practice. However, few efforts have focused on systematically investigating CES in LA studies. Additionally, how CES evaluations are performed in LA studies is rarely researched. This study aims to identify the challenges and provide recommendations for applying CES evaluations to LA practice, focusing specifically on LA design. To conclude, three challenges are identified, namely a lack of consistent concepts (conceptual challenge); a lack of CES evaluation methods to inform designs (methodological challenge); and practical issues of transferring CES evaluations to LA design (practical challenge). Based on our findings, we highlight using CES as a common term to refer to socio-cultural values and encourage more CES evaluation methods to be developed and tested for LA design. In addition, we encourage more studies to explore the links of CES and landscape features and address other practical issues to better transfer CES evaluations onto LA designs.
Xin Cheng; Sylvie Van Damme; Pieter Uyttenhove. Applying the Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Landscape Architecture Design: Challenges and Opportunities. Land 2021, 10, 665 .
AMA StyleXin Cheng, Sylvie Van Damme, Pieter Uyttenhove. Applying the Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Landscape Architecture Design: Challenges and Opportunities. Land. 2021; 10 (7):665.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Cheng; Sylvie Van Damme; Pieter Uyttenhove. 2021. "Applying the Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Landscape Architecture Design: Challenges and Opportunities." Land 10, no. 7: 665.
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) has gained increasing attention for its potential to provide numerous benefits. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) refers to those non-materials benefits that play an important role in improving the quality of human life and environmental sustainability. However, to date, a comprehensive study on status quo of CES generated by UGI is limited, especially evaluation methods and indicators specific for UGI. In this study, we reviewed 67 empirical studies on this topic in order to identify: the geographic distribution of research; the UGI types that supply CES; the addressed CES subcategories; the effective methods and indicators for assessing CES; and the challenges and directions for future CES and UGI research. The results revealed that: (1) the majority of the studies were more focused on certain specific UGI types, such as parks, waters, and gardens, while studies that consider UGI as a network are lacking; (2) the studies tend to focus on recreation and ecotourism, followed by aesthetic values, educational values, and cultural heritage values; (3) they employed various methods and their authors tended to combine different methods in evaluation; and (4) various indicators were developed to assess CES in UGI. Based on those findings, we recommend: (1) examining more UGI types and particulars on the UGI network; (2) taking into account all services during evaluation; (3) developing more methods for evaluating CES to address specific UGI situations, especially when dealing with the evaluation boundary and the relationships between CES; and (4) focusing more on increasing the quantity and quality of indicators, which need to communicate UGI characteristics clearly without ambiguity.
Xin Cheng; Sylvie Van Damme; Pieter Uyttenhove. A review of empirical studies of cultural ecosystem services in urban green infrastructure. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 293, 112895 .
AMA StyleXin Cheng, Sylvie Van Damme, Pieter Uyttenhove. A review of empirical studies of cultural ecosystem services in urban green infrastructure. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 293 ():112895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Cheng; Sylvie Van Damme; Pieter Uyttenhove. 2021. "A review of empirical studies of cultural ecosystem services in urban green infrastructure." Journal of Environmental Management 293, no. : 112895.