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Saeed Solaymani
Department of Economics, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Arak University, 38156879, Arak, Iran

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Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Iran, endowed with abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, particularly non-renewable resources, faces challenges such as air pollution, climate change and energy security. As a leading exporter and consumer of fossil fuels, it is also attempting to use renewable energy as part of its energy mix toward energy security and sustainability. Due to its favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse and accessible renewable sources, which provide appropriate substitutes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this study aims to examine trends in energy demand, policies and development of renewable energies and the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energies and economic growth using two methodologies. This study first reviews the current state of energy and energy policies and then employs Granger causality analysis to test the relationships between the variables considered. Results showed that renewable energy technologies currently do not have a significant and adequate role in the energy supply of Iran. To encourage the use of renewable energy, especially in electricity production, fuel diversification policies and development program goals were introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Diversifying energy resources is a key pillar of Iran’s new plan. In addition to solar and hydropower, biomass from the municipal waste from large cities and other agricultural products, including fruits, can be used to generate energy and renewable sources. While present policies indicate the incorporation of sustainable energy sources, further efforts are needed to offset the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the study predicts that with the production capacity of agricultural products in 2018, approximately 4.8 billion liters of bioethanol can be obtained from crop residues and about 526 thousand tons of biodiesel from oilseeds annually. Granger’s causality analysis also shows that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between economic growth to renewable and non-renewable energy use. Labor force and gross fixed capital formation cause renewable energy consumption, and nonrenewable energy consumption causes renewable energy consumption.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7328 .

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2021. "A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7328.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Energy
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Although Malaysia is an oil exporter and a fuel subsidizer, rising oil prices and the removal of energy subsidies have increased policymakers' concerns about the negative effects of these shocks on social well-being. One of the activities that are affected by such shocks is transport, which has a direct impact on social well-being. Therefore, this study first examines the impact of rising world oil prices and the complete elimination of energy subsidies on the four main transport subsectors in Malaysia. It then looks at the impacts of recycling of 10% of government revenues from these shocks on key economic and social variables across four transport subsectors. For this purpose, it uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model using the latest Malaysian input-output table for the year 2015. It also uses an econometric method to check the impacts of the removal of energy subsidies on energy consumption and CO2 emissions using time series data during 1987–2018. The simulation results suggest that oil price hikes and the removal of energy subsidies improve the economic and environmental performance of Malaysia. However, recycling 10% of government revenues from rising global oil prices increases the output of the land, water, air and other transport services by 6.27%, 8.43%, 2.96% and 2.80%, while the subsidy recycling policy increases them by 0.10%, 0.18%, 0.04% and 0.04%, respectively. Water transport followed by land transport gains more because of the increase in its output, exports and imports. Furthermore, both high oil prices and the removal of energy subsidies decrease energy consumption and CO2 emissions across all transport subsectors, which is supported by the econometric results. Both recycling policies also decrease energy consumption and CO2 emissions with a greater magnitude for the oil price recycling scheme. These findings can be used for future planning by decision-makers on energy demand and transport support in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Which government supports are beneficial for the transportation subsectors. Energy 2021, 235, 121349 .

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Which government supports are beneficial for the transportation subsectors. Energy. 2021; 235 ():121349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2021. "Which government supports are beneficial for the transportation subsectors." Energy 235, no. : 121349.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The 2030 Agenda states that sustainable transport systems, as well as other associated energy systems and policies, would create a strong economic foundation for all countries. In this regard, countries need to pay more attention to their transport systems. This has been accomplished through a great deal of work and policies that they can enact, such as improving fuel efficiency and government support. Therefore, this study attempts to compare the impact of a 10% increase in government subsidies and a 5% increase in improvement in fuel efficiency to the transport subsectors in Malaysia using a computable general equilibrium model (CGE). Results suggest that fuel efficiency improvement is an effective policy in increasing economic growth, exports, investment, and household consumption for the entire economy. While both policies increase output, employment, investment, and household use across the transport subsectors, except water transport, the magnitude of the impacts is greater for improving fuel efficiency policy. Improving fuel efficiency, despite the reduction in energy consumption in the land and water transportation subsectors, has led to a rebound in the air and other transport subsectors. However, increasing government subsidies to transport subsectors increases energy consumption and CO2 emissions in these subsectors. The outcomes of this policy can be used for the future of sustainable development in Malaysian transportation systems.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani; Saeed Sharafi. A Comparative Study between Government Support and Energy Efficiency in Malaysian Transport. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6196 .

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani, Saeed Sharafi. A Comparative Study between Government Support and Energy Efficiency in Malaysian Transport. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani; Saeed Sharafi. 2021. "A Comparative Study between Government Support and Energy Efficiency in Malaysian Transport." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6196.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Energy
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Industry and agriculture in Malaysia are the main contributors to economic growth and employment. These sectors also play an important role in Malaysia's total exports. The question then is whether technological innovation, sectoral output, and exports growth have had a real impact on these two sectors, which are very important for policy-making. This paper attempts to empirically identify such relations using econometric methods, including an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method and a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) during 1978–2018. The results confirmed that overall long-run economic growth is the main contributor to the increase in energy consumption with a greater magnitude than in the short-run. In the long-run, an increase of 1% in economic growth leads to an increase of 4.6% and 1.1% in energy demand in agriculture and industrial sectors, respectively. Exports are the second largest contributor to energy demand in the overall economy and the agriculture sector. Finally, the technological innovation that enhances energy efficiency is only effective in reducing energy consumption in the industrial sector, which ultimately reduces emissions.

ACS Style

Yiming Li; Saeed Solaymani. Energy consumption, technology innovation and economic growth nexuses in Malaysian. Energy 2021, 232, 121040 .

AMA Style

Yiming Li, Saeed Solaymani. Energy consumption, technology innovation and economic growth nexuses in Malaysian. Energy. 2021; 232 ():121040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiming Li; Saeed Solaymani. 2021. "Energy consumption, technology innovation and economic growth nexuses in Malaysian." Energy 232, no. : 121040.

Review
Published: 29 March 2021 in Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology
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This paper provides an ex post evaluation of Iran's energy subsidy reform of main law, definitions, its aims and scope, its effectiveness, and problems. Based on an assessment of policy reports, actual data, peer‐reviewed studies, and regression models, this study suggests evidence that the removal of energy subsidies in Iran was effective in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions only in the first 2 years of policy implementation. But, over the next years, the demand for energy commodities increased because of the incomplete implementation of the policy. Besides some local and international economic, social, and political challenges, the policy was not completed in the subsequent years because the government did not prepare its preliminary theoretical framework and requirements in the three stages of legislation and transparency – implementation and management, control, and adjustment of the negative policy impacts. Moreover, the decline in environmental emissions occurred mainly due to fuel switching, as natural gas consumption in power plants, industries, and transport, and rather the use of renewable energies, increased substantially. Likewise, at the time of removal of energy subsidies, the government introduced a cash transfer scheme until the present. This compensation scheme has had significant burdens on the government budget and reaches the trillions of rials each year, while in the first year of the policy, it improved the socioeconomic welfare. The econometric results showed that removing energy subsidies is an effective policy in reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran. This study provides important policy recommendations for sustainable energy security and economic development in Iran. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Energy subsidy reform evaluation research – reviews in Iran. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 2021, 11, 520 -538.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Energy subsidy reform evaluation research – reviews in Iran. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology. 2021; 11 (3):520-538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2021. "Energy subsidy reform evaluation research – reviews in Iran." Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 11, no. 3: 520-538.

Original article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Energy Efficiency
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Uncertainty in global oil prices significantly influences the economic performance of Malaysia as a net oil–exporting country. This study uses an integrated approach, in which a stochastic method is integrated with a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the impacts of likely change in global oil price on energy efficiency and, consequently, on key economic, energy, and environmental variables of Malaysia. The stochastic method, which is related to the Monte Carlo assessment, is based on historical data of global oil price, during 1980–2017, provides probable changes in oil price and their probability of occurrence. Simulation results show that likely changes in global oil price, with a 90% probability, change energy efficiency in Malaysia between − 0.08 and + 0.06% within which the economic performance of Malaysia changes between − 5.22 and 3.00% and household welfare changes between − 4.81 and 2.92%. Furthermore, the energy demand changes between 1.51 and − 2.93% and CO2 emission changes between 4.21 and − 2.03%. However, the emission of other air pollutants changes between − 2.45 and 2.21%. These economic and environmental changes generate a double dividend effect on the Malaysian economy. The value of the rebound effect also changes between 103.21 and 95.79%. Therefore, the paper highlights a strong interconnection among oil price fluctuation, energy efficiency, energy consumption, CO2 emission, and economic growth and thus the necessity for an integrated policymaking method.

ACS Style

Haowei Sun; Shun Lu; Saeed Solaymani. Impacts of oil price uncertainty on energy efficiency, economy, and environment of Malaysia: stochastic approach and CGE model. Energy Efficiency 2021, 14, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Haowei Sun, Shun Lu, Saeed Solaymani. Impacts of oil price uncertainty on energy efficiency, economy, and environment of Malaysia: stochastic approach and CGE model. Energy Efficiency. 2021; 14 (2):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haowei Sun; Shun Lu; Saeed Solaymani. 2021. "Impacts of oil price uncertainty on energy efficiency, economy, and environment of Malaysia: stochastic approach and CGE model." Energy Efficiency 14, no. 2: 1-17.

Original paper
Published: 06 January 2021 in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
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Malaysia, as one of the top energy subsidizing countries, has announced to remove energy subsidies necessarily, not only to reduce energy consumption and the government budget deficit but also to improve overall efficiency and air quality. Therefore, this study evaluates the impacts of rationalizing energy subsidy and its energy efficiency improvement during 2010–2030 using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model. Results revealed that reducing energy subsidies decreases energy consumption and emissions of all air pollutants. While the economic performance of the country improves in the long run due to stimulation in capital demand and investment, it reduces in the short run. Energy efficiency also improves by 1.1% and 2.3%, in the short run, in response to a reduction of 10% and 100% in energy subsidies, respectively. Energy efficiency improvements decrease the negative effects of pure subsidy policies on real GDP, trade, investment, and household consumption. The efficiency improvement policies also are effective in reducing more level of the rebound effect and lead to more energy saving in the economy, particularly in the petroleum products sector. The impacts on the rebound effect also differ across economic sectors. The results of this study provide new insights for energy subsidy policy and energy efficiency and suggest that additional tools and policies are required for improving the energy efficiency caused by phasing out energy subsidies. Malaysia, as one of the top energy subsidized countries, attempts to reduce the level of energy subsidies over time and, consequently, decline the use of fossil fuels in the economy. Therefore, this study analyzes the impacts of different subsidy reform policy on energy efficiency and, consequently, on economic and environmental performance and rebound effect of Malaysia by a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model.

ACS Style

Zhenjie Li; Saeed Solaymani. Effectiveness of energy efficiency improvements in the context of energy subsidy policies. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2021, 23, 937 -963.

AMA Style

Zhenjie Li, Saeed Solaymani. Effectiveness of energy efficiency improvements in the context of energy subsidy policies. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2021; 23 (3):937-963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenjie Li; Saeed Solaymani. 2021. "Effectiveness of energy efficiency improvements in the context of energy subsidy policies." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 3: 937-963.

Original article
Published: 25 May 2020 in International Journal of Energy and Water Resources
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Iran, as one of the top oil-exporting countries, by supplying almost all kinds of energies, is not facing serious problems with energy supply, but the demand side has some problems such as acceptability and accessibility. Therefore, the current study analyzes sustainable energy security in the energy demand subsystem of Iran using a hierarchical method during 2007–2015. Three different dimensions—accessibility, affordability, environmental acceptability, and efficiency—were selected to assess sustainable energy security in the energy demand subsystem. These dimensions are estimated for residential, which is subdivided into rural and urban areas, industrial, agriculture, and transport sectors. The results indicate that almost all indicators have improved from 2007 to 2015 and the overall sustainable energy security index for the energy demand subsystem has increased gradually over time. The sustainable energy security index for Iran’s demand subsystem has increased by about 5% from 2007 to 2015. However, the proficiency of Iran’s energy demand subsystem does not need much scope for improvement as its overall SES index is around 95% of the targeted value. The SES index for the rural areas, compared to the urban areas is lower, and exact strategies must be considered to provide affordable and clean energy in this area. It suggests that to improve the sustainable energy security index and access to affordable, clean, and sustainable energy in the future, the government in association with the private sector do more attempts to increase the efficiency of renewable energy production.

ACS Style

S. Solaymani. A demand-side assessment of sustainable energy security in Iran. International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2020, 4, 307 -320.

AMA Style

S. Solaymani. A demand-side assessment of sustainable energy security in Iran. International Journal of Energy and Water Resources. 2020; 4 (3):307-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Solaymani. 2020. "A demand-side assessment of sustainable energy security in Iran." International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 4, no. 3: 307-320.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in Energy
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Malaysia is one of the net oil-exporting countries that the government budget depends highly on oil revenues. The dependency on uncertain revenues faces the economic development of the country with significant challenges. Therefore, the monetary authorities need to be aware of the importance and the role of their policies on the economy in response to changes in global oil prices. For this purpose, this paper simulates the responses of monetary policies to changes in global oil prices in Malaysia using a financial computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. It considers both changes (a rise and a fall) in global oil prices. The simulation results indicated that the Malaysian economy, as a whole, and the majority of industries gain from oil price rise and lose from oil price fall. Both shocks lead to the reallocation of resources and influence the financial part of the economy. Results also showed that tightened monetary policies are not able to reduce the negative effects of both shocks on economic growth and industrial output while the expansionary policies, particularly the combination of interest rate and reserve ratio reductions, are effective and are beneficial for economic growth and industrial output of Malaysia. If the government target is minimizing the rate of inflation, the effective policy in response to both global oil price changes is the reduction in interest rate. However, when the government target is more investment and labor employment, the effective policy is the reduction in reserve ratio rate in response to both oil price changes.

ACS Style

Ai Shangle; Saeed Solaymani. Responses of monetary policies to oil price changes in Malaysia. Energy 2020, 200, 117553 .

AMA Style

Ai Shangle, Saeed Solaymani. Responses of monetary policies to oil price changes in Malaysia. Energy. 2020; 200 ():117553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ai Shangle; Saeed Solaymani. 2020. "Responses of monetary policies to oil price changes in Malaysia." Energy 200, no. : 117553.

Original research article
Published: 04 April 2020 in Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology
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This study aims to provide an assessment of total and sectoral CO2 emissions of Iran using a macroeconomic climate analysis. It uses two quantitative approaches (i.e., energy–economy–environment indicators and econometric analysis) that complement each other. According to the latest accessible data (1971–2016), evidence shows that, first, the change in Iran's total primary energy supply can significantly explain the variation of CO2 emissions in Iran, while energy intensity and CO2 intensity cannot significantly explain its variability. Second, CO2 emissions in Iran are increasing rapidly and the country is not moving toward the green economy situations. Third, the increase in energy intensity is mostly related to significant increases in energy consumption rather than increases in economic activity. This evidence shows that Iran's CO2 intensity highly depends on the consumption of fossil fuels. Fourth, the econometric estimates suggest that CO2 emissions, in comparison with other examined variables, change significantly in response to changes in per capita GDP, energy intensity, and carbon intensity. Fifth, the main contributors to industrial CO2 emissions are industrial per capita GDP and energy and carbon intensities, while in the transport sectors, the main contributors are the number of vehicles, transport energy intensity, and carbon intensity. Sixth, further decomposition analysis shows the positive impact of per capita GDP and the negative impacts of energy structure and energy efficiency on total CO2 emissions in Iran. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. A CO 2 emissions assessment of the green economy in Iran. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 2020, 10, 390 -407.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. A CO 2 emissions assessment of the green economy in Iran. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology. 2020; 10 (2):390-407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2020. "A CO 2 emissions assessment of the green economy in Iran." Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 10, no. 2: 390-407.

Earlycite article
Published: 03 March 2020 in Journal of Economic Studies
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PurposeThis study is the first attempt to analyze the effectiveness of recent two major tax policies, the reductions in personal and corporate income taxes and a rise in indirect tax and their combine, under both balanced and unbalanced budget conditions, on the economy and social aspects of Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a computable general equilibrium model to investigate the impacts of all simulation scenarios on the key macro and micro indicators. Further, based on the 2012 Malaysia Household Income and Expenditure Survey, it uses a micro-data with a significant number of households (over 56,000 individuals) to analyze the impacts of tax policies on poverty and income inequality of Malaysian.FindingsSimulation results show that, under the balanced budget condition, personal and corporate income tax reductions increase economic growth, household consumption, and investment, while the rise in indirect tax has adverse impacts on these variables. However, in the unbalanced budget condition, all tax policies, except indirect tax policy, reduce real GDP and investment in the economy and the indirect tax policy has insignificant impacts on all indicators. All policy reforms reallocate resources, especially labor, in the economy. In both budget conditions, the reductions in corporate and personal income taxes, particularly the corporate income tax, decrease poverty level of Malaysian households. Results also indicate that both tax policies are unable to influence income inequality in Malaysia.Social implicationsThis study recommends that the government can increase its revenue by increasing indirect taxes as it does not have any impact on household welfare. In order to increase government revenues, initial increases in personal and corporate income taxes are suggested as they may have small negative impacts on the economy and welfare of households.Originality/valueOne of the significant features of this paper is that it examines both expansionary and contractionary fiscal policies in a country that government budget depends on oil exports. Since the literature on this subject is limited, particularly in the Malaysian context, the authors used Malaysia as a case to show how tax reform policies affect the economy and poverty level of such countries. Distinguishing the Malaysian households into 10 deciles and analyzing the distributional impacts of tax policies on these categories are the most significant contributions of this study.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Assessing the economic and social impacts of fiscal policies. Journal of Economic Studies 2020, 47, 671 -694.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Assessing the economic and social impacts of fiscal policies. Journal of Economic Studies. 2020; 47 (3):671-694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2020. "Assessing the economic and social impacts of fiscal policies." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 3: 671-694.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2019 in International Journal of Energy Sector Management
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Purpose The global energy market has been facing lower prices of crude oil in recent years. Lower fuel price leads to lower transport cost and cheaper agricultural inputs (such as pesticides and chemical fertilizer), resulting in lower prices of agricultural commodities in the international markets. On the other hand, lower global oil price reduces the oil revenues of oil exporting countries, resulting in a decrease in government expenditures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of lower global oil and agricultural commodity prices and government expenditure on the entire economy and poverty level of Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study used a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to investigate four simulation scenarios based on the latest Malaysia’s input-output table belonging to 2010. The first scenario is a 30 per cent fall in the export and import prices of agricultural commodity prices, while the second is a 50 per cent decline in the export and import prices of crude oil, and the third combines them. In the fourth scenario, government operating expenditure declines by 4 per cent because of the fall in government’s oil revenues as a result of the decline in global oil prices. Findings The simulation results suggest that lower international oil price decreases real gross domestic product (GDP) and investment in Malaysia and influences positively the output and employment of some agriculture sectors. However, lower agricultural commodity price increases real GDP and investment in the country and negatively influences the output, employment and exports of all agriculture sectors. The decline in government expenditures also increases the output and the employment in the economy, whereas it decreases household consumption. In conclusion, results show that the agriculture sector losses from the current decline in international agricultural commodity prices, while it benefits from lower oil and government expenditure. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is comparing the impacts of recent falls in global oil and agricultural prices on the entire economy and agriculture sector of Malaysia. Investigating the impacts of these issues on the poverty level of Malaysian households is another contribution to the study. Another contribution is analyzing the impact of a reduction in government expenditures because of the decline in global oil price on the economy and welfare of Malaysia. Therefore, this study makes a useful contribution to the small literature of the topic.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Social and economic aspects of the recent fall in global oil prices. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 2019, 13, 258 -276.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Social and economic aspects of the recent fall in global oil prices. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 2019; 13 (2):258-276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2019. "Social and economic aspects of the recent fall in global oil prices." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2: 258-276.

Articles
Published: 01 May 2019 in Review of Social Economy
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This study is the first attempt at promoting agricultural input subsidy policies in a computable general equilibrium framework on two main dimensions of food security (i.e. food availability and access to food), poverty and income distribution in Malaysia for all ethnic groups. This study investigates the short-run impacts of two subsidy removal policy and one subsidy expansion policy using 2010 input–output table. Results show that both subsidy removal policies negatively influence agricultural sectors and economic growth of Malaysia while the expansion policy influence them positively. The removal policies also decrease food availability and access to food and, consequently, increase poverty at the national level and the poverty level of Malay household, while the expansion policy increases food availability and access to food and alleviate the poverty level of Malay household. The complete removal policy without paddy/rice subsidies increases rice production and raises food availability and access to food commodities (or food security) in the country resulting in a lesser increase in poverty compared to the complete removal policy.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani; Ebrahim Aghamohammadi; Ali Falahati; Saeed Sharafi; Fatimah Kari. Food security and socio-economic aspects of agricultural input subsidies. Review of Social Economy 2019, 77, 271 -296.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani, Ebrahim Aghamohammadi, Ali Falahati, Saeed Sharafi, Fatimah Kari. Food security and socio-economic aspects of agricultural input subsidies. Review of Social Economy. 2019; 77 (3):271-296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani; Ebrahim Aghamohammadi; Ali Falahati; Saeed Sharafi; Fatimah Kari. 2019. "Food security and socio-economic aspects of agricultural input subsidies." Review of Social Economy 77, no. 3: 271-296.

Article
Published: 14 August 2018 in Applied Research in Quality of Life
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Assessing poverty using multiple dimensions of deprivation provides a comprehensive picture of poverty. No one factor, like income or any monetary-based indicator is uniquely able to capture all of the factors that contribute to poverty. This study attempts to evaluate the multidimensional poverty measure among Malaysian Employee Provident Fund (EPF) retirees by using Alkire and Foster multidimensional poverty index to a set of deprivation dimensions. The findings indicate that around 84% of EPF retirees were identified as multidimensionally poor, meaning that they are in acute poverty. On average, poor retirees are deprived of 48% of weighted indicators. The results also show that women are more multidimensionally poor compared to men in terms of transportation, income, home ownership and education. The study discovered that Indian retirees are more deprived than other ethnic groups, followed by Malays. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen current retirement savings institutions to reduce the impacts of the retirement crisis. The government needs to provide a Social Security system that rolls back the decline of Malaysian’s retirement savings.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani; Negin Vaghefi; Fatimah Kari. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure among Malaysian Employee Provident Fund (EPF) Retirees. Applied Research in Quality of Life 2018, 14, 1353 -1371.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani, Negin Vaghefi, Fatimah Kari. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure among Malaysian Employee Provident Fund (EPF) Retirees. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 2018; 14 (5):1353-1371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani; Negin Vaghefi; Fatimah Kari. 2018. "The Multidimensional Poverty Measure among Malaysian Employee Provident Fund (EPF) Retirees." Applied Research in Quality of Life 14, no. 5: 1353-1371.

Research article
Published: 22 June 2017 in Journal of Asian and African Studies
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This study uses a computable general equilibrium approach to investigate the impact of high global food and agricultural commodity prices and two mitigation options (a rise in agricultural input subsidies and an improvement in agricultural productivity) on poverty and economic performance of Malaysia. Simulated results showed that, as a whole, the high global food price has a negative impact on the economic growth of Malaysia. It decreases real gross domestic product of Malaysia by 0.53%. Although the food price hike initially increases poverty in urban areas, it would significantly decrease the poverty of rural and noncitizen households. However, both mitigation options can reduce the negative impact of the shock on the poverty and economic growth of Malaysia. The agricultural subsidy rise option cannot reduce the poverty level of all household groups, whereas the productivity improvement option can alleviate the poverty level of all household groups. In conclusion, results suggest that the agricultural productivity improvement option is more effective than the agricultural subsidy rise option to mitigate the negative impact of global food price shocks on the economy and poverty of Malaysia.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani; Nora Yusma Bt Mohamed Yusoff. Poverty Effects of Food Price Escalation and Mitigation Options: The Case of Malaysia. Journal of Asian and African Studies 2017, 53, 685 -702.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani, Nora Yusma Bt Mohamed Yusoff. Poverty Effects of Food Price Escalation and Mitigation Options: The Case of Malaysia. Journal of Asian and African Studies. 2017; 53 (5):685-702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani; Nora Yusma Bt Mohamed Yusoff. 2017. "Poverty Effects of Food Price Escalation and Mitigation Options: The Case of Malaysia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 5: 685-702.

Article
Published: 26 April 2017 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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This study attempts to analyze the short- and long-run impacts of the probable change in rainfall and temperature simultaneously on food availability and access to food issues, as the two dimensions of food security, in Malaysia. It uses an integrated method comprising of a stochastic method and a computable general equilibrium model using the latest (2010) input–output table published in 2015. The stochastic method, which relates to the Monte Carlo simulation, provides the probable changes in rainfall and temperature patterns and their probability of occurrence based on historical data of rainfall and temperature and crop productivity. It was found that, simultaneous variation of rainfall and temperature, in both the short- and long-run, contracts the economic performance of Malaysia. Findings also show the negative impact of rainfall–temperature variability, in both time periods, on food availability and access to food due to a reduction in the supply of agricultural products, a commodity inflation pressure and a reduction in household income. Moreover, results suggest that the climate variability shocks lead to a reduction in the consumption and welfare of all household groups, particularly in rural areas.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Impacts of climate change on food security and agriculture sector in Malaysia. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2017, 20, 1575 -1596.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Impacts of climate change on food security and agriculture sector in Malaysia. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2017; 20 (4):1575-1596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2017. "Impacts of climate change on food security and agriculture sector in Malaysia." Environment, Development and Sustainability 20, no. 4: 1575-1596.

Full length research article
Published: 30 March 2017 in Agricultural Research
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A rise in global agricultural commodity prices negatively affects the wellbeing of poor people, especially in developing countries and inversely for a decline in prices of these commodities. On the other hand, they may gain or lose from high or low prices especially those groups that work in production of these commodities. This study, by applying a computable general equilibrium approach, aims to investigate the impacts of high and low agricultural commodity prices on agricultural sector and poverty across nine household groups in an unemployment situation of factors of production. It is found that, as a whole, a 45% increase and decrease in agricultural commodity prices negatively influences the economic performance of Malaysia, in real terms, by 0.24 and 0.91%, respectively. While high agricultural price stimulates the investment and export of agricultural sectors and aggregate household consumption, lower agricultural commodity prices declines investment and export in these sectors and causes a decrease in aggregate household consumption. Although both high- and low-price scenarios increase the poverty level of all household groups, with greater magnitude for lower-price scenario, all rural household groups compared to urban groups experience more increase in their poverty.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Agriculture and Poverty Responses to High Agricultural Commodity Prices. Agricultural Research 2017, 6, 195 -206.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Agriculture and Poverty Responses to High Agricultural Commodity Prices. Agricultural Research. 2017; 6 (2):195-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2017. "Agriculture and Poverty Responses to High Agricultural Commodity Prices." Agricultural Research 6, no. 2: 195-206.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2015 in Quality & Quantity
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Malaysia pays a great share of its gross domestic product on energy subsidies. Payment of subsidies causes some failures in the economy, such as disrupting the price mechanism and destroying allocation of resources in the economy. Removing these subsidies has important implication for sustainable development through their effects on energy consumption, price system, resource allocation and emission. This study employs a computable general equilibrium model, which is a more comprehensive method than statistical and econometric methods, to identify the long-run impacts of energy subsidy reform in the Malaysian economy, especially on poverty and income inequality across four Malaysian ethnic groups, namely Malay, Chinese, Indian, Other in both rural and urban areas, and one noncitizen household. The results of this study indicate that urban households are set to lose most from energy subsidy reform compared to rural and noncitizen households due to increased expenditure. In addition, Malay households, particularly in urban areas, lose more significantly than other household groups. This policy leads to initial increases in the overall inequality in the economy, but the increase in inequality in urban areas is greater than rural areas.

ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani. Impacts of energy subsidy reform on poverty and income inequality in Malaysia. Quality & Quantity 2015, 50, 2707 -2723.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani. Impacts of energy subsidy reform on poverty and income inequality in Malaysia. Quality & Quantity. 2015; 50 (6):2707-2723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani. 2015. "Impacts of energy subsidy reform on poverty and income inequality in Malaysia." Quality & Quantity 50, no. 6: 2707-2723.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Energy
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ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani; Roozbeh Kardooni; Sumiani Binti Yusoff; Fatimah Kari. The impacts of climate change policies on the transportation sector. Energy 2015, 81, 719 -728.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani, Roozbeh Kardooni, Sumiani Binti Yusoff, Fatimah Kari. The impacts of climate change policies on the transportation sector. Energy. 2015; 81 ():719-728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani; Roozbeh Kardooni; Sumiani Binti Yusoff; Fatimah Kari. 2015. "The impacts of climate change policies on the transportation sector." Energy 81, no. : 719-728.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Energy Policy
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ACS Style

Saeed Solaymani; Fatimah Kari. Impacts of energy subsidy reform on the Malaysian economy and transportation sector. Energy Policy 2014, 70, 115 -125.

AMA Style

Saeed Solaymani, Fatimah Kari. Impacts of energy subsidy reform on the Malaysian economy and transportation sector. Energy Policy. 2014; 70 ():115-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed Solaymani; Fatimah Kari. 2014. "Impacts of energy subsidy reform on the Malaysian economy and transportation sector." Energy Policy 70, no. : 115-125.