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Albana Kona
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 13 March 2019 in Energies
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Local authorities and cities are at the forefront of driving the energy transition, which plays a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change. The greenhouse gas emissions in cities, due to energy consumption, are placed into two categories: direct emissions generated from the combustion of fossil fuels mainly in buildings and transport sectors, and indirect emissions from grid-supplied energy, such as electricity and district heating and/or cooling. While there is extensive literature focused on direct greenhouse gas emissions accounting in cities’ inventories, research has focused to a lesser extent on allocation methods of indirect emissions from grid-supplied energy. The present paper provides an updated definition for the concept of local energy generation within the Covenant of Mayors initiative and proposes a new methodology for indirect emission accounting in cities’ greenhouse gas emission inventories. In addition, a broader policy framework in which local action is taken is discussed based on the European Union energy and climate policies, and over 80 exemplary Covenant of Mayors good practices are identified across the technology areas of local energy generation and four modes of urban climate governance. The contributions of the paper demonstrate that local authorities have the capacity to support and mobilize action for local energy generation investments through the multiple modes of urban climate governance to update and strengthen climate action

ACS Style

Albana Kona; Paolo Bertoldi; Şiir Kılkış. Covenant of Mayors: Local Energy Generation, Methodology, Policies and Good Practice Examples. Energies 2019, 12, 985 .

AMA Style

Albana Kona, Paolo Bertoldi, Şiir Kılkış. Covenant of Mayors: Local Energy Generation, Methodology, Policies and Good Practice Examples. Energies. 2019; 12 (6):985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Albana Kona; Paolo Bertoldi; Şiir Kılkış. 2019. "Covenant of Mayors: Local Energy Generation, Methodology, Policies and Good Practice Examples." Energies 12, no. 6: 985.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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An increasing number of cities and local governments adhere to transnational initiatives on climate change mitigation, but quantification of their contribution to the Paris Agreement commitments is lacking. To address this, the climate mitigation trajectory to 2050 of Covenant of Mayors (CoM) signatories has been studied. As of October 2017 there are more than 7600 signatories covering 238 million inhabitants, mainly from European cities. Of these 533 have already reported on the implementation of their climate action plans and 207 signatories have declared a long term target beyond 2020. We examine the aggregated effort of the CoM signatories in terms of geographical distribution, mitigation ambition and achievements, and also discuss whether the projected emissions reductions are in line with pathways to limit global warming to 2 °C or 1.5 °C. Given the currently limited number of signatories presenting long-term visions, an extrapolation method has been applied to estimate of the individual trajectories to 2050. For this purpose the CoM dataset was divided in clusters on the basis of three factors: climatic features, degree of urbanization and the level ambition in pursuing CO2 emissions reductions. Results confirm the large potential of the CoM initiative to contribute to ambitious mid-century climate change mitigation targets.

ACS Style

Albana Kona; Paolo Bertoldi; Fabio Monforti-Ferrario; Silvia Rivas; Jean François Dallemand. Covenant of mayors signatories leading the way towards 1.5 degree global warming pathway. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 41, 568 -575.

AMA Style

Albana Kona, Paolo Bertoldi, Fabio Monforti-Ferrario, Silvia Rivas, Jean François Dallemand. Covenant of mayors signatories leading the way towards 1.5 degree global warming pathway. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 41 ():568-575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Albana Kona; Paolo Bertoldi; Fabio Monforti-Ferrario; Silvia Rivas; Jean François Dallemand. 2018. "Covenant of mayors signatories leading the way towards 1.5 degree global warming pathway." Sustainable Cities and Society 41, no. : 568-575.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2018 in Environment International
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This study is a first attempt to evaluate how the major efforts made by several European cities in the frame of the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) initiative can impact the air pollution levels in the participating cities. CoM is by no mean one of the major cities initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change, supporting local authorities in the implementation of their climate action plans. Energy savings measures reported in the CoM cities' action plans have been analysed from the air quality perspective in order to find quantitative relations in the way local authorities deal with mitigation and how these practices are expected to have consequences on the air quality at urban level and finally positively impacting the citizens' health. In the paper, the air quality 2713 energy saving measures proposed by 146 cities located in 23 countries in the frame of the CoM are selected and their co-benefits for air quality and public health estimated by means of SHERPA, a fast modelling tool that mimics the behaviour of a full physically-based Chemical Transport Model. Besides evaluating the overall benefits of this subset of mitigation measures for the air quality, the study also investigates the relevance of some factors such as the implementation sector, the city size and the pollution levels in achieving the highest possible co-benefits. The results presented refer to the special field covered by the study, i.e. energy saving measures and are not automatically referable to other types of measures. Nevertheless, they clearly show how climate mitigation and air quality policies are deeply interconnected at the urban level.

ACS Style

Fabio Monforti-Ferrario; Albana Kona; Emanuela Peduzzi; Denise Pernigotti; Enrico Pisoni. The impact on air quality of energy saving measures in the major cities signatories of the Covenant of Mayors initiative. Environment International 2018, 118, 222 -234.

AMA Style

Fabio Monforti-Ferrario, Albana Kona, Emanuela Peduzzi, Denise Pernigotti, Enrico Pisoni. The impact on air quality of energy saving measures in the major cities signatories of the Covenant of Mayors initiative. Environment International. 2018; 118 ():222-234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Monforti-Ferrario; Albana Kona; Emanuela Peduzzi; Denise Pernigotti; Enrico Pisoni. 2018. "The impact on air quality of energy saving measures in the major cities signatories of the Covenant of Mayors initiative." Environment International 118, no. : 222-234.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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ACS Style

Giulia Melica; Paolo Bertoldi; Albana Kona; Andreea Iancu; Silvia Rivas; Paolo Zancanella. Multilevel governance of sustainable energy policies: The role of regions and provinces to support the participation of small local authorities in the Covenant of Mayors. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 39, 729 -739.

AMA Style

Giulia Melica, Paolo Bertoldi, Albana Kona, Andreea Iancu, Silvia Rivas, Paolo Zancanella. Multilevel governance of sustainable energy policies: The role of regions and provinces to support the participation of small local authorities in the Covenant of Mayors. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 39 ():729-739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Melica; Paolo Bertoldi; Albana Kona; Andreea Iancu; Silvia Rivas; Paolo Zancanella. 2018. "Multilevel governance of sustainable energy policies: The role of regions and provinces to support the participation of small local authorities in the Covenant of Mayors." Sustainable Cities and Society 39, no. : 729-739.

Review article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP 21, including the Paris Agreement, has underlined the role of non-state-actors in limiting temperature increase to 1.5 °C compared to pre-industrial levels. Worldwide, there are an increasing number of transnational networks on climate actions driven by non-state actors. The first attempt to understand the global extent of climate actions taken by non-state actors (such as regional and municipal governments and the corporate sector) was made by a UNFCCC platform launched in 2014 called the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Actions (NAZCA). However, different reporting frameworks of core data partners contributing to the NAZCA platform represent challenges for tracking and comparing the outcomes of transnational initiatives and their global impact. In this contribution, we focus on the two initiatives most represented in the NAZCA platform: Covenant of Mayors and Compact of Mayors, which were merged into the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM) in 2016. We provide a comparative analysis of the reporting frameworks, constituting the starting point of the GCoM merging process. Consequently, we review recent studies investigating their performance and identity in terms of drivers, barriers and mitigation ambition with reference to the particular case of the cities’ contribution to the 1.5 °C global warming target. In sum, there is a wealthy literature in investigating the role of the transnational initiatives in supporting cities and promoting the standards for emission accounting, while we are currently lacking a systematic knowledge on their global contribution. The new era of transnational network consolidation entails and reinforces the need for a global, comprehensive and transparent reporting framework for cities and local governments enabling to effectively contribute to the Paris Agreement.

ACS Style

Paolo Bertoldi; Albana Kona; Silvia Rivas; Jean François Dallemand. Towards a global comprehensive and transparent framework for cities and local governments enabling an effective contribution to the Paris climate agreement. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2018, 30, 67 -74.

AMA Style

Paolo Bertoldi, Albana Kona, Silvia Rivas, Jean François Dallemand. Towards a global comprehensive and transparent framework for cities and local governments enabling an effective contribution to the Paris climate agreement. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2018; 30 ():67-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Bertoldi; Albana Kona; Silvia Rivas; Jean François Dallemand. 2018. "Towards a global comprehensive and transparent framework for cities and local governments enabling an effective contribution to the Paris climate agreement." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 30, no. : 67-74.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2016 in Energy
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This paper aims at showing the capabilities of thermoeconomic analysis for solving cost assessments in district heating systems both at user and producer sides. In the near future it is expected that multiple producers are allowed to supply heat to the same district heating network, similarly to what happens in the case of the electric grid. Not only the amount of heat they may produce should be properly accounted, but also its quality, and also the pumping power that is requested to supply a unity of thermal energy to the end-users. Moreover, buildings equipped with low temperature heating system allow better use of the thermal energy vector, thus allowing larger efficiency of thermal plants. In the present work, the use of thermoeconomics for the analysis of these aspects is proposed. The approach allows one performing cost assessment in district heating, taking into account the effects of investment and operating costs and thermodynamic irreversibilities in the cost formation of heat from its production in the plants to its use in the buildings. Simple examples are analyzed in order to provide a quantitative evaluation of the various cost terms, depending on the operating conditions, topology and characteristics of the users/producers.

ACS Style

Vittorio Verda; Marco Caccin; Albana Kona. Thermoeconomic cost assessment in future district heating networks. Energy 2016, 117, 485 -491.

AMA Style

Vittorio Verda, Marco Caccin, Albana Kona. Thermoeconomic cost assessment in future district heating networks. Energy. 2016; 117 ():485-491.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittorio Verda; Marco Caccin; Albana Kona. 2016. "Thermoeconomic cost assessment in future district heating networks." Energy 117, no. : 485-491.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2012 in Energy
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This work is focused on the planning of rational heating systems for urban areas. District heating is an important option to supply heat to the users in urban areas. The energy sustainability of such option depends on the annual energy request, the population density and the efficiency in heat production. Among the alternative technologies, geothermal heat pumps play a crucial role. Nevertheless, in densely populated areas, an additional consideration is necessary: the subsurface thermal degradation caused by heat pump installations may affect the performances of surrounding installations. This paper aims to propose a procedure to select which users in an urban area should be connected with a district heating network and which ones should be heated through an alternative technology, in order to reach a globally optimal system from the energy viewpoint. The analysis of potential interferences between heat pumps is here conducted using a thermo-fluid dynamic model of the subsurface. The application to an Italian town is considered as a test case for the procedur

ACS Style

Vittorio Verda; Elisa Guelpa; Albana Kona; Stefano Lo Russo. Reduction of primary energy needs in urban areas trough optimal planning of district heating and heat pump installations. Energy 2012, 48, 40 -46.

AMA Style

Vittorio Verda, Elisa Guelpa, Albana Kona, Stefano Lo Russo. Reduction of primary energy needs in urban areas trough optimal planning of district heating and heat pump installations. Energy. 2012; 48 (1):40-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittorio Verda; Elisa Guelpa; Albana Kona; Stefano Lo Russo. 2012. "Reduction of primary energy needs in urban areas trough optimal planning of district heating and heat pump installations." Energy 48, no. 1: 40-46.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2012 in International Journal of Thermodynamics
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ACS Style

Vittorio Verda; Albana Kona. Thermoeconomics as a tool for the design and analysis of energy savings initiatives in buildings connected to district heating networks. International Journal of Thermodynamics 2012, 15, 1 .

AMA Style

Vittorio Verda, Albana Kona. Thermoeconomics as a tool for the design and analysis of energy savings initiatives in buildings connected to district heating networks. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2012; 15 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittorio Verda; Albana Kona. 2012. "Thermoeconomics as a tool for the design and analysis of energy savings initiatives in buildings connected to district heating networks." International Journal of Thermodynamics 15, no. 4: 1.