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Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, causes high-mortality acute disease in ducklings. Among the three serotypes, DHAV-1 is globally distributed, whereas DHAV-2 and DHAV-3 serotypes are chiefly restricted to Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genomic evolution of DHAV-1 strains using extant GenBank records and genomic sequences of 10 DHAV-1 strains originating from a large disease outbreak in 2004–2005, in Hungary. Recombination analysis revealed intragenotype recombination within DHAV-1 as well as intergenotype recombination events involving DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strains. The intergenotype recombination occurred in the VP0 region. Diversifying selection seems to act at sites of certain genomic regions. Calculations estimated slightly lower rates of evolution of DHAV-1 (mean rates for individual protein coding regions, 5.6286 × 10−4 to 1.1147 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year) compared to other picornaviruses. The observed evolutionary mechanisms indicate that whole-genome-based analysis of DHAV strains is needed to better understand the emergence of novel strains and their geographical dispersal.
Enikő Fehér; Szilvia Jakab; Krisztina Bali; Eszter Kaszab; Borbála Nagy; Katalin Ihász; Ádám Bálint; Vilmos Palya; Krisztián Bányai. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus. Viruses 2021, 13, 1592 .
AMA StyleEnikő Fehér, Szilvia Jakab, Krisztina Bali, Eszter Kaszab, Borbála Nagy, Katalin Ihász, Ádám Bálint, Vilmos Palya, Krisztián Bányai. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnikő Fehér; Szilvia Jakab; Krisztina Bali; Eszter Kaszab; Borbála Nagy; Katalin Ihász; Ádám Bálint; Vilmos Palya; Krisztián Bányai. 2021. "Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1592.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally spread, highly infectious viral disease. Live, attenuated vaccines against PRRS virus (PRRSV) decrease virus excretion and evoke protective immunity reducing the economic damage caused by the disease. In a longitudinal molecular epidemiological study accompanying ongoing national eradication programme we evaluated the suitability of PRRSV ORF5 and ORF7 sequences to identify possible field strains of vaccine-origin. In total, 2342 ORF5 sequences and 478 ORF7 sequences were analysed. Vaccine strains were identified by sequence identity values and phylogenetic network analysis. Strains that shared greater than 98% nucleotide identity within ORF5 and/or ORF7 were considered to have originated from vaccine. A total of 882 (37.6%) ORF5 and 88 (18.4%) ORF7 sequences met these criteria. In detail, 618, 179 and 35 ORF5 and 51, 29 and 8 ORF7 sequences were related to Porcilis PRRS vaccine, Unistrain PRRS vaccine, and ReproCyc PRRS EU vaccine, respectively. Data showed that the Porcilis vaccine was genetically more stable. Whereas, the variability of the Unistrain and the ReproCyc strains was significantly higher. Given that ORF7 shares, in some instances, complete identity between a particular vaccine strain and some historic variants of field PRRSV strains, care must be taken when evaluating vaccine relatedness of a field isolate based on the ORF7. On the contrary, ORF5 sequences were more suitable to predict the vaccine origin making a distinction more robustly between field and vaccine strains. We conclude that ORF5 based molecular epidemiological studies support more efficiently the ongoing PRRS eradication programmes. The conclusions presented in this large-scale PRRS molecular epidemiological study provides a framework for future eradication programmes planned in other countries.
Ádám Bálint; Tamás Molnár; Sándor Kecskeméti; Gábor Kulcsár; Tibor Soós; Péter Szabó; Eszter Kaszab; Kinga Fornyos; Zoltán Zádori; Krisztián Bányai; István Szabó. Genetic Variability of PRRSV Vaccine Strains Used in the National Eradication Programme, Hungary. Vaccines 2021, 9, 849 .
AMA StyleÁdám Bálint, Tamás Molnár, Sándor Kecskeméti, Gábor Kulcsár, Tibor Soós, Péter Szabó, Eszter Kaszab, Kinga Fornyos, Zoltán Zádori, Krisztián Bányai, István Szabó. Genetic Variability of PRRSV Vaccine Strains Used in the National Eradication Programme, Hungary. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (8):849.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁdám Bálint; Tamás Molnár; Sándor Kecskeméti; Gábor Kulcsár; Tibor Soós; Péter Szabó; Eszter Kaszab; Kinga Fornyos; Zoltán Zádori; Krisztián Bányai; István Szabó. 2021. "Genetic Variability of PRRSV Vaccine Strains Used in the National Eradication Programme, Hungary." Vaccines 9, no. 8: 849.
Infectious bronchitis of chicken is a high morbidity and mortality viral disease affecting the poultry industry worldwide; therefore, a better understanding of this pathogen is of utmost importance. The primary aim of this study was to obtain a deeper insight into the genomic diversity of field infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains using phylogenetic and recombination analysis. We sequenced the genome of 20 randomly selected strains from seven European countries. After sequencing, we created a genome sequence data set that contained 36 European origin field isolates and 33 vaccine strains. When analyzing these 69 IBV genome sequences, we identified 215 recombination events highlighting that some strains had multiple recombination breaking points. Recombination hot spots were identified mostly in the regions coding for non-structural proteins, and multiple recombination hot spots were identified in the nsp2, nsp3, nsp8, and nsp12 coding regions. Recombination occurred among different IBV genotypes and involved both field and vaccine IBV strains. Ninety percent of field strains and nearly half of vaccine strains showed evidence of recombination. Despite the low number and the scattered geographical and temporal origin of whole-genome sequence data collected from European Gammacoronaviruses, this study underlines the importance of recombination as a major evolutionary mechanism of IBVs.
Krisztina Bali; Ádám Bálint; Attila Farsang; Szilvia Marton; Borbála Nagy; Eszter Kaszab; Sándor Belák; Vilmos Palya; Krisztián Bányai. Recombination Events Shape the Genomic Evolution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Europe. Viruses 2021, 13, 535 .
AMA StyleKrisztina Bali, Ádám Bálint, Attila Farsang, Szilvia Marton, Borbála Nagy, Eszter Kaszab, Sándor Belák, Vilmos Palya, Krisztián Bányai. Recombination Events Shape the Genomic Evolution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Europe. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrisztina Bali; Ádám Bálint; Attila Farsang; Szilvia Marton; Borbála Nagy; Eszter Kaszab; Sándor Belák; Vilmos Palya; Krisztián Bányai. 2021. "Recombination Events Shape the Genomic Evolution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Europe." Viruses 13, no. 4: 535.
Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine–caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.
Zoltán László; Péter Pankovics; Gábor Reuter; Attila Cságola; Ádám Bálint; Mihály Albert; Ákos Boros. Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary. Viruses 2021, 13, 66 .
AMA StyleZoltán László, Péter Pankovics, Gábor Reuter, Attila Cságola, Ádám Bálint, Mihály Albert, Ákos Boros. Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary. Viruses. 2021; 13 (1):66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán László; Péter Pankovics; Gábor Reuter; Attila Cságola; Ádám Bálint; Mihály Albert; Ákos Boros. 2021. "Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary." Viruses 13, no. 1: 66.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus in history. Since the emergence in Hubei province, China, during late 2019, the situation evolved to pandemic level. Following China, Europe was the second epicenter of the pandemic. To better comprehend the detailed founder mechanisms of the epidemic evolution in Central-Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, we determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over the first month of disease in Hungary. We applied a haplotype network analysis on all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID database as of 21 April 2020. We performed additional phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to achieve the recognition of multiple and parallel introductory events into our region. Here, we present a publicly available network imaging of the worldwide haplotype relations of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude the founder mechanisms of the outbreak in Central-Eastern Europe.
Gábor Kemenesi; Safia Zeghbib; Balázs A Somogyi; Gábor Endre Tóth; Krisztián Bányai; Norbert Solymosi; Peter M Szabo; István Szabó; Ádám Bálint; Péter Urbán; Róbert Herczeg; Attila Gyenesei; Ágnes Nagy; Csaba István Pereszlényi; Gergely Csaba Babinszky; Gábor Dudás; Gabriella Terhes; Viktor Zöldi; Róbert Lovas; Szabolcs Tenczer; László Kornya; Ferenc Jakab. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix. Viruses 2020, 12, 1401 .
AMA StyleGábor Kemenesi, Safia Zeghbib, Balázs A Somogyi, Gábor Endre Tóth, Krisztián Bányai, Norbert Solymosi, Peter M Szabo, István Szabó, Ádám Bálint, Péter Urbán, Róbert Herczeg, Attila Gyenesei, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Gergely Csaba Babinszky, Gábor Dudás, Gabriella Terhes, Viktor Zöldi, Róbert Lovas, Szabolcs Tenczer, László Kornya, Ferenc Jakab. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix. Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1401.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGábor Kemenesi; Safia Zeghbib; Balázs A Somogyi; Gábor Endre Tóth; Krisztián Bányai; Norbert Solymosi; Peter M Szabo; István Szabó; Ádám Bálint; Péter Urbán; Róbert Herczeg; Attila Gyenesei; Ágnes Nagy; Csaba István Pereszlényi; Gergely Csaba Babinszky; Gábor Dudás; Gabriella Terhes; Viktor Zöldi; Róbert Lovas; Szabolcs Tenczer; László Kornya; Ferenc Jakab. 2020. "Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1401.
In Hungary, the economic losses caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) led to the launching of a national PRRSV Eradication Program. An important element of the program was investigating the spread of PRRSV among swine herds and the possible ways of introduction by sequencing of the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene. However, the classical phylogenetic tree presentation cannot explain several genetic relationships clearly, while more precise visualization can be represented by network tree diagram. In this paper, we describe a practical and easy-to-follow enriched minimum spanning similarity network application for improved representation of phylogenetic relations among viral strains. This method eliminated the necessity of applying a predefined, arbitrary cut-off or computationally extensive algorithms. The network-based visualization allowed processing and visualizing large amount of data equally for the laboratory, private and official veterinarians, and helped identify the potential connections between different viral sequences that support data-driven decisions in the eradication program. By applying network analysis, previously unknown epidemiological connections between infected herds were identified, and virus spreading was analyzed within short period of time. In our study, we successfully built and applied network analysis tools in the course of the Hungarian PRRSV Eradication Program.
Péter Márton Szabó; Dóra Szalay; Sándor Kecskeméti; Tamás Molnár; István Szabó; Ádám Bálint. Investigations on spreading of PRRSV among swine herds by improved minimum spanning network analysis. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -9.
AMA StylePéter Márton Szabó, Dóra Szalay, Sándor Kecskeméti, Tamás Molnár, István Szabó, Ádám Bálint. Investigations on spreading of PRRSV among swine herds by improved minimum spanning network analysis. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StylePéter Márton Szabó; Dóra Szalay; Sándor Kecskeméti; Tamás Molnár; István Szabó; Ádám Bálint. 2020. "Investigations on spreading of PRRSV among swine herds by improved minimum spanning network analysis." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-9.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant losses to the swine industry worldwide, which leads to launching eradication programmes. The PRRS eradication programme in Hungary is based on the territorial principle, and it is obligatory for each swine farm irrespective of the number of animals kept there. Hungary has an exceptionally large herd size in large-scale pig farms. Large fattening farms operate as all-in/all-out or continuous flow systems. The large-scale breeding herds are predominantly farrow-to-finish types. In large-scale breeding farms, PRRS eradication was carried out by the depopulation-repopulation method in 33 farms, of which 23 received state compensation, 18 farm units either finished production or changed to producing fatteners only. Two farms used the test and removal method for eradication. One farm was classified as ‘vaccinated free’. At this farm the breeding animals are vaccinated continuously but there is no vaccination of the progeny at any age, and the PRRS-free status of the farm is strictly controlled and monitored. By 31 December 2019, all pigs in five euroregions of Hungary had become free from PRRS virus, while the PRRS eradication process is still ongoing in the remaining two regions.
István Szabó; Lajos Bognár; Tamás Molnár; Imre Nemes; Ádám Bálint. PRRS eradication from swine farms in five regions of Hungary. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 2020, 68, 257 -262.
AMA StyleIstván Szabó, Lajos Bognár, Tamás Molnár, Imre Nemes, Ádám Bálint. PRRS eradication from swine farms in five regions of Hungary. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2020; 68 (3):257-262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIstván Szabó; Lajos Bognár; Tamás Molnár; Imre Nemes; Ádám Bálint. 2020. "PRRS eradication from swine farms in five regions of Hungary." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 68, no. 3: 257-262.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus in history. Since the emergence in Hubei province, China, during late 2019 the situation evolved to pandemic level. Following China, Europe was the second epicenter of the pandemic. To better comprehend the detailed founder mechanisms of the epidemic evolution in Central-Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, we determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over the first month of disease in Hungary. We applied a haplotype network analysis on all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID database as of the 21th of April, 2020. We performed additional phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to achieve the recognition of multiple and parallel introductory events into our region. Here we present a publicly available network imaging of the worldwide haplotype relations of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude the founder mechanisms of the outbreak in Central-Eastern Europe.
Gábor Kemenesi; Safia Zeghbib; Balázs A Somogyi; Gábor Endre Tóth; Krisztián Bányai; Norbert Solymosi; Peter M Szabo; István Szabó; Ádám Bálint; Péter Urbán; Róbert Herczeg; Attila Gyenesei; Ágnes Nagy; Csaba István Pereszlényi; Gergely Csaba Babinszky; Gábor Dudás; Gabriella Terhes; Viktor Zöldi; Róbert Lovas; Szabolcs Tenczer; László Kornya; Ferenc Jakab. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions shaped the early outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: comparing Hungarian data to a worldwide sequence data-matrix. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGábor Kemenesi, Safia Zeghbib, Balázs A Somogyi, Gábor Endre Tóth, Krisztián Bányai, Norbert Solymosi, Peter M Szabo, István Szabó, Ádám Bálint, Péter Urbán, Róbert Herczeg, Attila Gyenesei, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Gergely Csaba Babinszky, Gábor Dudás, Gabriella Terhes, Viktor Zöldi, Róbert Lovas, Szabolcs Tenczer, László Kornya, Ferenc Jakab. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions shaped the early outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: comparing Hungarian data to a worldwide sequence data-matrix. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGábor Kemenesi; Safia Zeghbib; Balázs A Somogyi; Gábor Endre Tóth; Krisztián Bányai; Norbert Solymosi; Peter M Szabo; István Szabó; Ádám Bálint; Péter Urbán; Róbert Herczeg; Attila Gyenesei; Ágnes Nagy; Csaba István Pereszlényi; Gergely Csaba Babinszky; Gábor Dudás; Gabriella Terhes; Viktor Zöldi; Róbert Lovas; Szabolcs Tenczer; László Kornya; Ferenc Jakab. 2020. "Multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions shaped the early outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: comparing Hungarian data to a worldwide sequence data-matrix." , no. : 1.
In the recent years, African swine fever has become the biggest animal health threat to the swine industry. To facilitate quick genetic analysis of its causative agent, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), we developed a simple and efficient method for next generation sequencing of the viral DNA. Execution of the protocol does not demand complicated virus purification steps, enrichment of the virus by ultracentrifugation or of the viral DNA by ASFV-specific PCRs, and minimizes the use of Sanger sequencing. Efficient DNA-se treatment, monitoring of sample preparation by qPCR, and whole genome amplification are the key elements of the method. Through detailed description of sequencing of the first Hungarian ASFV isolate (ASFV_HU_2018), we specify the sensitive steps and supply key reference numbers to assist reproducibility and to facilitate the successful use of the method for other ASFV researchers.
Ferenc Olasz; István Mészáros; Szilvia Marton; Győző L. Kaján; Vivien Tamás; Gabriella Locsmándi; Tibor Magyar; Ádám Bálint; Krisztián Bányai; Zoltán Zádori. A Simple Method for Sample Preparation to Facilitate Efficient Whole-Genome Sequencing of African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2019, 11, 1129 .
AMA StyleFerenc Olasz, István Mészáros, Szilvia Marton, Győző L. Kaján, Vivien Tamás, Gabriella Locsmándi, Tibor Magyar, Ádám Bálint, Krisztián Bányai, Zoltán Zádori. A Simple Method for Sample Preparation to Facilitate Efficient Whole-Genome Sequencing of African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses. 2019; 11 (12):1129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerenc Olasz; István Mészáros; Szilvia Marton; Győző L. Kaján; Vivien Tamás; Gabriella Locsmándi; Tibor Magyar; Ádám Bálint; Krisztián Bányai; Zoltán Zádori. 2019. "A Simple Method for Sample Preparation to Facilitate Efficient Whole-Genome Sequencing of African Swine Fever Virus." Viruses 11, no. 12: 1129.
Eradication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from the pig population of Hungary started in 2014 on the basis of the territorial principle. In order to reach this goal it was crucial to render each fattening unit free of this disease, since fattening units play a significant role in spreading the virus all over the country. In 2015, 188 out of 307 large-scale fattening farms (61.2%) kept PRRS-positive animals. The main source of infection of these farms was the import of PRRS-infected fattening pigs. The following methods were used during the eradication from 2017: (1) Only pigs coming from PRRS-free farms were allowed to be used for fattening in Hungary; (2) Quarantine of all herds for 60 days; (3) PCR test for PRRS 48 hours after the arrival of the prefattening animals; (4) Serological test for PRRS at the end of the quarantine period. If any diagnostic test gave even one positive result and the result was confirmed by another test, the stock had to be sold for slaughter within 15 days or placed outside Hungary, so that the infected stock would not compromise the PRRS status of that area. PRRSV eradication on large-scale fattening units applying all-in/all-out operation was relatively simple, using the depopulation-repopulation method. On permanently operating farms, the infected herd was sold from time to time, without having to be repopulated until the last delivery. After cleaning, disinfection and restocking, the repopulation was done with PRRS-free animals. As the eradication progressed over the years, a ban on the import of infected fattening pigs was imposed. As a consequence of these measures, by the end of 2018, Hungarian large-scale fattening farms became free of PRRS. Maintaining the national-level PRRS-free status of large-scale pig fattening units contributes to eliminating a significant cost factor from the Hungarian pork production industry, and opens the way for a significant reduction in antibiotic consumption as well.
István Szabó; Tamás Molnár; Imre Nemes; Tamás Abonyi; Zsolt Terjék; Ádám Bálint. PRRSV eradication on large-scale fattening pig farms in Hungary between 2014 and 2019. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 2019, 67, 529 -542.
AMA StyleIstván Szabó, Tamás Molnár, Imre Nemes, Tamás Abonyi, Zsolt Terjék, Ádám Bálint. PRRSV eradication on large-scale fattening pig farms in Hungary between 2014 and 2019. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2019; 67 (4):529-542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIstván Szabó; Tamás Molnár; Imre Nemes; Tamás Abonyi; Zsolt Terjék; Ádám Bálint. 2019. "PRRSV eradication on large-scale fattening pig farms in Hungary between 2014 and 2019." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, no. 4: 529-542.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 is a major cause of swine morbidity and mortality in various parts of the world, including Hungary. A national elimination programme to reduce the associated economic burden was initiated in Hungary in 2012. Using extensive laboratory surveillance, we identified and isolated an unusual PRRSV strain. The complete coding sequence of this isolate was determined and analyzed. The genome of this Hungarian PRRSV1 strain, HUN60077/16, is 15,081 nucleotides in length. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis showed a mosaic structure of the genome where a large fragment of ORF1b and the genomic region coding for ORF3 to ORF7 showed a very close genetic relationship to the vaccine virus Unistrain, while the ORF1a region, the 3’ end of ORF1b, and the whole ORF2 were only distantly related to this or any other PRRSV1 strain whose genome sequence is available in the GenBank database. Genomic characterization of PRRSV strains is crucial when possible vaccine-associated cases are identified. This approach not only helps to identify genetic interactions between vaccine and wild-type PRRSV1 strains but may also be needed to prevent trust in commercial vaccines from being undermined.
S. Marton; D. Szalay; S. Kecskeméti; B. Forró; F. Olasz; Z. Zádori; I. Szabó; T. Molnár; K. Bányai; Á. Bálint. Coding-complete sequence of a vaccine-derived recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain isolated in Hungary. Archives of Virology 2019, 164, 2605 -2608.
AMA StyleS. Marton, D. Szalay, S. Kecskeméti, B. Forró, F. Olasz, Z. Zádori, I. Szabó, T. Molnár, K. Bányai, Á. Bálint. Coding-complete sequence of a vaccine-derived recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain isolated in Hungary. Archives of Virology. 2019; 164 (10):2605-2608.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Marton; D. Szalay; S. Kecskeméti; B. Forró; F. Olasz; Z. Zádori; I. Szabó; T. Molnár; K. Bányai; Á. Bálint. 2019. "Coding-complete sequence of a vaccine-derived recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain isolated in Hungary." Archives of Virology 164, no. 10: 2605-2608.
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a recently identified RNA virus within the Flaviviridae family, causing congenital tremor (CT) in the piglets of infected sows. We have investigated 25 cases of CT from 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2016–2018, originating from six different farms. RT‐PCR has been performed on these samples and all of the affected piglets were positive to APPV. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that Hungarian strains show a high degree of variability and are clustered into five distinct lineages. Four strains originating from one farm have shown exceptional similarity (99.9%) to an Austrian sequence, whereas another one from a different herd was grouped close to a Chinese strain (96.4% similarity). Our results suggest multiple events of introduction of the virus from various sources into Hungary. This is the first report of the presence and clinical relevance of APPV in the Hungarian pig population.
Lilla Dénes; Imre Biksi; Mihály Albert; Levente Szeredi; Dániel G. Knapp; Anna Szilasi; Ádám Bálint; Gyula Balka. Detection and phylogenetic characterization of atypical porcine pestivirus strains in Hungary. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2018, 65, 2039 -2042.
AMA StyleLilla Dénes, Imre Biksi, Mihály Albert, Levente Szeredi, Dániel G. Knapp, Anna Szilasi, Ádám Bálint, Gyula Balka. Detection and phylogenetic characterization of atypical porcine pestivirus strains in Hungary. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2018; 65 (6):2039-2042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLilla Dénes; Imre Biksi; Mihály Albert; Levente Szeredi; Dániel G. Knapp; Anna Szilasi; Ádám Bálint; Gyula Balka. 2018. "Detection and phylogenetic characterization of atypical porcine pestivirus strains in Hungary." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 65, no. 6: 2039-2042.
West Nile virus (WNV) strains may differ significantly in neuroinvasiveness in vertebrate hosts. In contrast to genetic lineage 1 WNVs, molecular determinants of pathogenic lineage 2 strains have not been experimentally confirmed so far. A full-length infectious clone of a neurovirulent WNV lineage 2 strain (578/10; Central Europe) was generated and amino acid substitutions that have been shown to attenuate lineage 1 WNVs were introduced into the nonstructural proteins (NS1 (P250L), NS2A (A30P), NS3 (P249H) NS4B (P38G, C102S, E249G)). The mouse neuroinvasive phenotype of each mutant virus was examined following intraperitoneal inoculation of C57BL/6 mice. Only the NS1-P250L mutation was associated with a significant attenuation of virulence in mice compared to the wild-type. Multiplication kinetics in cell culture revealed significantly lower infectious virus titres for the NS1 mutant compared to the wild-type, as well as significantly lower amounts of positive and negative stranded RNA.
K. (Katalin) Szentpáli-Gavallér; Stephanie M. Lim; L. (László) Dencső; Krisztián Bányai; Penelope Koraka; Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus; Byron E.E. Martina; T. (Tamás) Bakonyi; Ádám Bálint. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Mutations in the NS Region of Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Associated with Neuroinvasiveness in a Mammalian Model. Viruses 2016, 8, 49 .
AMA StyleK. (Katalin) Szentpáli-Gavallér, Stephanie M. Lim, L. (László) Dencső, Krisztián Bányai, Penelope Koraka, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Byron E.E. Martina, T. (Tamás) Bakonyi, Ádám Bálint. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Mutations in the NS Region of Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Associated with Neuroinvasiveness in a Mammalian Model. Viruses. 2016; 8 (2):49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. (Katalin) Szentpáli-Gavallér; Stephanie M. Lim; L. (László) Dencső; Krisztián Bányai; Penelope Koraka; Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus; Byron E.E. Martina; T. (Tamás) Bakonyi; Ádám Bálint. 2016. "In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Mutations in the NS Region of Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Associated with Neuroinvasiveness in a Mammalian Model." Viruses 8, no. 2: 49.
Here, we report the isolation of a type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain from a clinical outbreak of severe respiratory problems and high fever. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine the complete genome sequence of the isolate (9625/2012). The virus belongs to a new branch within subtype 1, clade D, and shows the highest similarity to PRRSV Olot/1991 and to the Amervac vaccine strain. Mutation analysis of 9625/2012 revealed no evidence of recombination but did show a high proportion of amino acid substitutions in the putative neutralizing epitopes, suggesting an important role of selective immune pressure in the evolution of PRRSV 9625/2012.
Ádám Bálint; Gyula Balka; Péter Horváth; Sándor Kecskeméti; Ádám Dán; Attila Farsang; Levente Szeredi; Krisztián Bányai; Dániel Bartha; Ferenc Olasz; Sándor Belák; Zoltán Zádori. Full-length genome sequence analysis of a Hungarian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from a pig with severe respiratory disease. Archives of Virology 2014, 160, 417 -422.
AMA StyleÁdám Bálint, Gyula Balka, Péter Horváth, Sándor Kecskeméti, Ádám Dán, Attila Farsang, Levente Szeredi, Krisztián Bányai, Dániel Bartha, Ferenc Olasz, Sándor Belák, Zoltán Zádori. Full-length genome sequence analysis of a Hungarian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from a pig with severe respiratory disease. Archives of Virology. 2014; 160 (2):417-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁdám Bálint; Gyula Balka; Péter Horváth; Sándor Kecskeméti; Ádám Dán; Attila Farsang; Levente Szeredi; Krisztián Bányai; Dániel Bartha; Ferenc Olasz; Sándor Belák; Zoltán Zádori. 2014. "Full-length genome sequence analysis of a Hungarian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from a pig with severe respiratory disease." Archives of Virology 160, no. 2: 417-422.
Our previous in vitro comparative study on a feline coronavirus (FCoV) pair, differing only in the intactness of their ORF3abc regions, showed that the truncated ORF3abc plays an important role in the efficient macrophage/monocyte tropism of type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). In the present study, we describe a challenge experiment with the same recombinant FCoVs in order to gain data on the in vivo characteristics on these viruses. While parent virus FIPV DF-2 developed feline infectious peritonitis in all the infected cats, its recombinant virus PBFIPV-DF-2, differing only in seven nucleotides, proved to be surprisingly low virulent, although caused an acute febrile episode similarly to the original FIPV DF-2. PBFIPV-DF-2 infection induced significantly lower virus neutralization titers than its parent virus, and lacked the second phase of viremia and development of fatal course of the disease. The recombinant PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i with completed ORF3abc gained biological properties that differentiate between the feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FIPV biotypes such as intensive replication in the gut, absence of viremia and weak or no serological response. Using reverse genetic approaches our study is the first experimental proof that ORF3abc is indeed responsible for the restriction of FECV replication to the intestine in vivo.
Ádám Bálint; Attila Farsang; Zoltán Zádori; Sándor Belák. Comparative In Vivo Analysis of Recombinant Type II Feline Coronaviruses with Truncated and Completed ORF3 Region. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e88758 .
AMA StyleÁdám Bálint, Attila Farsang, Zoltán Zádori, Sándor Belák. Comparative In Vivo Analysis of Recombinant Type II Feline Coronaviruses with Truncated and Completed ORF3 Region. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (2):e88758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁdám Bálint; Attila Farsang; Zoltán Zádori; Sándor Belák. 2014. "Comparative In Vivo Analysis of Recombinant Type II Feline Coronaviruses with Truncated and Completed ORF3 Region." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2: e88758.
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a major pathogen of Felidae. Despite the extensive efforts taken in the past decades, development of the “ideal” live attenuated FIPV vaccine was not successful yet. In the present study, we provide data of immunisation experiments with a recombinant FCoV pair differing only in the truncation (PBFIPV-DF-2) or completion (PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i) of their ORF3abc regions. In our previous in vivo studies, these viruses proved to show the characters of low virulent or avirulent FCoV phenotypes, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesised the ability of these viruses, as possible vaccine candidates, in conferring protection in specific pathogen free (SPF) Domestic Shorthair as well as in conventional purebred British Shorthair cats. In SPF cats, after two oronasal and two intramuscular vaccinations with two weeks intervals, both vaccine candidates provided 100% protection against lethal homologous challenge with the highly virulent FIPV DF-2 strain. In contrast, the conventional purebred British Shorthair cats did not develop protection when they were immunised with the same vaccination regimes. In these groups 100% of the PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i immunised animals developed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Prolonged survival was observed in 40% of the animals, while 60% showed fulminant disease course. Genetic and more probably immunological differences between the SPF and non-SPF purebred kittens can explain the different outcome of the vaccination experiment. Our data highlight the diverse immune responses between SPF and conventional cats and suggest a decisive role of previous infection by heterologous causative agents in the outcome of the vaccination against FIP.
Ádám Bálint; Attila Farsang; Levente Szeredi; Zoltán Zádori; Sándor Belák. Recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in SPF but not in conventional cats. Veterinary Microbiology 2013, 169, 154 -162.
AMA StyleÁdám Bálint, Attila Farsang, Levente Szeredi, Zoltán Zádori, Sándor Belák. Recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in SPF but not in conventional cats. Veterinary Microbiology. 2013; 169 (3-4):154-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁdám Bálint; Attila Farsang; Levente Szeredi; Zoltán Zádori; Sándor Belák. 2013. "Recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in SPF but not in conventional cats." Veterinary Microbiology 169, no. 3-4: 154-162.
The complete genomic DNA of a novel roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) papillomavirus (CcPV1) was amplified and sequenced from fibropapillomatous skin lesions of a Hungarian roe deer. Viral DNA was detected by a pair of degenerate primers and the remaining genomic sequence was amplified by a long-template high-fidelity PCR and sequenced. The CcPV1 genome was 8032 bp long and contained open reading frames (ORFs) typical for Delta-papillomaviruses (E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, E5, E9, L2, and L1) and a 799 bp long untranslated regulatory region (URR). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 3861 bp long concatenated sequence of the E1-E2-L2-L1 ORFs and on separate alignments of all major ORFs using both neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods placed CcPV1 on a distinct branch between Ovine papillomavirus 1 and the other deer papillomaviruses within the Delta-papillomavirus genus, although pairwise nucleotide alignments of L1 ORF sequences determined highest identities with European Elk Papillomavirus (71.2%) and Reindeer Papillomavirus (70.3%).
Károly Erdélyi; Ádám Bálint; László Dencsö; Ádám Dán; Krisztina Ursu. Characterisation of the first complete genome sequence of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) papillomavirus. Virus Research 2008, 135, 307 -311.
AMA StyleKároly Erdélyi, Ádám Bálint, László Dencsö, Ádám Dán, Krisztina Ursu. Characterisation of the first complete genome sequence of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) papillomavirus. Virus Research. 2008; 135 (2):307-311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKároly Erdélyi; Ádám Bálint; László Dencsö; Ádám Dán; Krisztina Ursu. 2008. "Characterisation of the first complete genome sequence of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) papillomavirus." Virus Research 135, no. 2: 307-311.