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Ms. Carla Rovirosa
IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain.

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0 Viruses
0 virology hiv viruses
0 celular biology
0 inmunology
0 SARS- CoV-2

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Article
Published: 09 July 2021
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The understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis and clinical progression is incomplete because of the variable contribution of host, immune and viral factors. The involvement of viral factors has been investigated in extreme clinical phenotypes from rapid progressors to long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). Among HIV-1 proteins, the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) has concentrated many studies for its important role in the immune response and in the first steps of viral replication. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of 41 Envs from 24 patients with different clinical progression rates and viral loads (VLs), LTNP-Elite Controllers (LTNP-ECs); Viremic LTNPs (vLTNPs), and non-controller’s individuals contemporary to LTNPs or recent, named Old and Modern progressors. We analyzed the Env expression, the fusion and cell-to-cell transfer capacities as well as viral infectivity. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Envs were also performed. In every functional characteristic, the Envs from subjects with viral control (LTNP-ECs and vLTNPs) showed significant lower performance compared to those from the progressor individuals (Old and Modern). Regarding sequence analysis, the variable loops of the gp120 subunit of the Env (i.e., V2, V4 and mainly V5) of the progressor individuals showed longer and more glycosylated sequences than controller subjects. Therefore, HIV-1 Envs presenting poor viral functions and shorter sequences were associated with viremic control and the non-progressor clinical phenotype, whereas functional Envs were associated with the lack of virological control and progressor clinical phenotypes. These correlations support the central role of Env genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in the in vivo HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE The role of the virus in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection has not been investigated in isolates from individuals with different progression rates. In this work, we studied the properties of the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) in individuals with different progression rates to elucidate its role in pathogenesis. We estimated the Env expression, the CD4 binding, the fusion and cell-to-cell viral transfer capacities that affect the infectivity of the viral Envs in recombinant viruses. The Envs from individuals which control viral replication and lack clinical progression (LTNP-ECs and vLTNPs) showed lower functional capacities than from subjects with clinical progression (Old and Modern). The functional increase of the Envs characteristics was associated with an increase in viral infectivity and in increased length of variable loops and the number of glycosylation sites of the Env (gp120/SU). These results support the concept that viral characteristics contribute to viral infection and pathogenesis.

ACS Style

Silvia Pérez-Yanes; Maria Pernas; Silvia Marfil; Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez; Raquel Ortiz; Carla Rovirosa; Judith Estévez-Herrera; Isabel Olivares; Concepción Casado; Cecilio Lopez-Galindez; Julià Blanco; Agustin Valenzuela-Fernández. The characteristics of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein contribute to viral pathogenesis. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Silvia Pérez-Yanes, Maria Pernas, Silvia Marfil, Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez, Raquel Ortiz, Carla Rovirosa, Judith Estévez-Herrera, Isabel Olivares, Concepción Casado, Cecilio Lopez-Galindez, Julià Blanco, Agustin Valenzuela-Fernández. The characteristics of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein contribute to viral pathogenesis. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Pérez-Yanes; Maria Pernas; Silvia Marfil; Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez; Raquel Ortiz; Carla Rovirosa; Judith Estévez-Herrera; Isabel Olivares; Concepción Casado; Cecilio Lopez-Galindez; Julià Blanco; Agustin Valenzuela-Fernández. 2021. "The characteristics of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein contribute to viral pathogenesis." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2021 in Viruses
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With the spread of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a need to assess the protection conferred by both previous infections and current vaccination. Here we tested the neutralizing activity of infected and/or vaccinated individuals against pseudoviruses expressing the spike of the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH1), the D614G mutant and the B.1.1.7 variant. Our data show that parameters of natural infection (time from infection and nature of the infecting variant) determined cross-neutralization. Uninfected vaccinees showed a small reduction in neutralization against the B.1.1.7 variant compared to both the WH1 strain and the D614G mutant. Interestingly, upon vaccination, previously infected individuals developed more robust neutralizing responses against B.1.1.7, suggesting that vaccines can boost the neutralization breadth conferred by natural infection.

ACS Style

Benjamin Trinité; Edwards Pradenas; Silvia Marfil; Carla Rovirosa; Víctor Urrea; Ferran Tarrés-Freixas; Raquel Ortiz; Jordi Rodon; Júlia Vergara-Alert; Joaquim Segalés; Victor Guallar; Rosalba Lepore; Nuria Izquierdo-Useros; Glòria Trujillo; Jaume Trapé; Carolina González-Fernández; Antonia Flor; Rafel Pérez-Vidal; Ruth Toledo; Anna Chamorro; Roger Paredes; Ignacio Blanco; Eulàlia Grau; Marta Massanella; Jorge Carrillo; Bonaventura Clotet; Julià Blanco. Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increases B.1.1.7 Cross-Neutralization by Vaccinated Individuals. Viruses 2021, 13, 1135 .

AMA Style

Benjamin Trinité, Edwards Pradenas, Silvia Marfil, Carla Rovirosa, Víctor Urrea, Ferran Tarrés-Freixas, Raquel Ortiz, Jordi Rodon, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés, Victor Guallar, Rosalba Lepore, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Glòria Trujillo, Jaume Trapé, Carolina González-Fernández, Antonia Flor, Rafel Pérez-Vidal, Ruth Toledo, Anna Chamorro, Roger Paredes, Ignacio Blanco, Eulàlia Grau, Marta Massanella, Jorge Carrillo, Bonaventura Clotet, Julià Blanco. Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increases B.1.1.7 Cross-Neutralization by Vaccinated Individuals. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin Trinité; Edwards Pradenas; Silvia Marfil; Carla Rovirosa; Víctor Urrea; Ferran Tarrés-Freixas; Raquel Ortiz; Jordi Rodon; Júlia Vergara-Alert; Joaquim Segalés; Victor Guallar; Rosalba Lepore; Nuria Izquierdo-Useros; Glòria Trujillo; Jaume Trapé; Carolina González-Fernández; Antonia Flor; Rafel Pérez-Vidal; Ruth Toledo; Anna Chamorro; Roger Paredes; Ignacio Blanco; Eulàlia Grau; Marta Massanella; Jorge Carrillo; Bonaventura Clotet; Julià Blanco. 2021. "Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increases B.1.1.7 Cross-Neutralization by Vaccinated Individuals." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1135.

Clinical and translational report
Published: 30 January 2021 in Med
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Summary Background Understanding mid-term kinetics of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is the cornerstone for public health control of the pandemic and vaccine development. However, current evidence is rather based on limited measurements, losing sight of the temporal pattern of these changes. Methods We conducted a longitudinal analysis on a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients followed up for >6 months. Neutralizing activity was evaluated using HIV reporter pseudoviruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 S protein. IgG antibody titer was evaluated by ELISA against the S2 subunit, the receptor binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (NP). Statistical analyses were carried out using mixed-effects models. Findings We found that individuals with mild or asymptomatic infection experienced an insignificant decay in neutralizing activity, which persisted 6 months after symptom onset or diagnosis. Hospitalized individuals showed higher neutralizing titers, which decreased following a 2-phase pattern, with an initial rapid decline that significantly slowed after day 80. Despite this initial decay, neutralizing activity at 6 months remained higher among hospitalized individuals compared to mild symptomatic. The slow decline in neutralizing activity at mid-term contrasted with the steep slope of anti-RBD, S2, or NP antibody titers, all of them showing a constant decline over the follow-up period. Conclusions Our results reinforce the hypothesis that the quality of the neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 evolves over the post-convalescent stage. Funding This study was funded by Grifols, the Departament de Salut of the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant nos. SLD016 to J.B. and SLD015 to J.C.), the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (grant nos. PI17/01518 and PI18/01332 to J.C.), CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 252, and the crowdfunding initiatives #joemcorono, BonPreu/Esclat, and Correos. The funders had no role in the study design, the data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript. E.P. was supported by a doctoral grant from the National Agency for Research and Development of Chile (ANID; 72180406). C.A.-N. was supported by a doctoral grant from Generalitat de Catalunya and Fons Social Europeu (FI). S.P.-Y. was supported by Fundación Canaria Doctor Manuel Morales and Universidad de La Laguna.

ACS Style

Edwards Pradenas; Benjamin Trinité; Víctor Urrea; Silvia Marfil; Carlos Ávila-Nieto; María Luisa Rodríguez de la Concepción; Ferran Tarrés-Freixas; Silvia Pérez-Yanes; Carla Rovirosa; Erola Ainsua-Enrich; Jordi Rodon; Júlia Vergara-Alert; Joaquim Segalés; Victor Guallar; Alfonso Valencia; Nuria Izquierdo-Useros; Roger Paredes; Lourdes Mateu; Anna Chamorro; Marta Massanella; Jorge Carrillo; Bonaventura Clotet; Julià Blanco. Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes. Med 2021, 2, 313 -320.e4.

AMA Style

Edwards Pradenas, Benjamin Trinité, Víctor Urrea, Silvia Marfil, Carlos Ávila-Nieto, María Luisa Rodríguez de la Concepción, Ferran Tarrés-Freixas, Silvia Pérez-Yanes, Carla Rovirosa, Erola Ainsua-Enrich, Jordi Rodon, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés, Victor Guallar, Alfonso Valencia, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Anna Chamorro, Marta Massanella, Jorge Carrillo, Bonaventura Clotet, Julià Blanco. Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes. Med. 2021; 2 (3):313-320.e4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edwards Pradenas; Benjamin Trinité; Víctor Urrea; Silvia Marfil; Carlos Ávila-Nieto; María Luisa Rodríguez de la Concepción; Ferran Tarrés-Freixas; Silvia Pérez-Yanes; Carla Rovirosa; Erola Ainsua-Enrich; Jordi Rodon; Júlia Vergara-Alert; Joaquim Segalés; Victor Guallar; Alfonso Valencia; Nuria Izquierdo-Useros; Roger Paredes; Lourdes Mateu; Anna Chamorro; Marta Massanella; Jorge Carrillo; Bonaventura Clotet; Julià Blanco. 2021. "Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes." Med 2, no. 3: 313-320.e4.