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With the expanding awareness of worldwide governments to ecological issues, the idea of protecting the environment has been initiated into the supply chain. The role of government in green supply chain management has become especially significant. This paper proposes a green supply chain model with a duopoly structure, in which two manufacturers separately produce green and non-green items sold through a common retailer. The government looks for social advantages and decides subsidies for the green item and taxes for non-green items. Using a centralized and decentralized model, two cases of government interference and no government interference are analyzed with customer green preference. This study focuses on exploring the pricing strategy, greening strategy and comparing the optimal decisions in all the cases to maximize the overall profitability of the supply chain. Numerical results and sensitivity analysis illustrate how the government subsidy on green products and tax policy in non-green products can influence the profitability of supply chain members. The research finding can give valuable experiences to channel members of the supply chain to settle optimum choices with and without government interference by enhancing the green and non-green item market competition. Among the competitive duopoly structure, the centralized model makes more profit and leads to manufactured eco-friendly items.
Abhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De; Shib Sankar Sana. Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9178 .
AMA StyleAbhijit Barman, Rubi Das, Pijus Kanti De, Shib Sankar Sana. Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De; Shib Sankar Sana. 2021. "Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9178.
This paper presents a production inventory system with a manufacturer-retailer supply chain dealing with the non-instantaneous deteriorating products. The two-level supply chain model is analyzed with shortage and without shortage, considering the impact of business strategies in different sectors on the collaborating market system. Firstly, the integrated system and then the decentralized system under a retail fixed-mark-up strategy are studied. Further, we show that the retailer offers a fixed-mark-up policy as a signal to the manufacturer to resolve the gaming between channel members of the supply chain. This study’s prime objective is to determine the optimal retail price, wholesale price, and inventory schedules to maximize the overall supply chain’s profit. An analytical method is used to optimize the selling price and various time-length for maximum profit. The model is demonstrated through two numerical examples, and sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the behavior of parameters. It is observed from the numerical study that the supply chain system without shortage is beneficial compared to the shortage permitted supply chain. Manufacturer profit is improved after using RFM contract in contrast with integrate system.
Abhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. An analysis of optimal pricing strategy and inventory scheduling policy for a non-instantaneous deteriorating item in a two-layer supply chain. Applied Intelligence 2021, 1 -25.
AMA StyleAbhijit Barman, Rubi Das, Pijus Kanti De. An analysis of optimal pricing strategy and inventory scheduling policy for a non-instantaneous deteriorating item in a two-layer supply chain. Applied Intelligence. 2021; ():1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. 2021. "An analysis of optimal pricing strategy and inventory scheduling policy for a non-instantaneous deteriorating item in a two-layer supply chain." Applied Intelligence , no. : 1-25.
This paper advocates a multi-item deteriorating inventory model where shortages are not allowed. Here, we have proposed a single-stage EOQ model for deteriorating items where the demand function is depending on nonlinear selling price, nonlinear time, and inventory stock. The model is developed under a known initial inventory. The main objective of this model is to determine the selling price and time length until the inventory reaches zero for each item. To demonstrate our model, one numerical example has been given which is followed by a sensitivity analysis of the major parameters involved in this model.
Abhijit Barman; P. K. De. A Multi-item Deteriorating Inventory Model Under Stock Level-Dependent, Time-Varying, and Price-Sensitive Demand. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StyleAbhijit Barman, P. K. De. A Multi-item Deteriorating Inventory Model Under Stock Level-Dependent, Time-Varying, and Price-Sensitive Demand. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhijit Barman; P. K. De. 2021. "A Multi-item Deteriorating Inventory Model Under Stock Level-Dependent, Time-Varying, and Price-Sensitive Demand." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 1-12.
The COVID virus epidemic has produced another era on the planet while we sort out the outcomes in various parts of our everyday life. The food industry and food supply chain do not incorporate an exception. Considering a food supply chain, the business activities and supply of various food products have been suspended due to restriction of demand, closing the food production facilities, financial restrictions. According to the spreadability of the pandemic, every nation must understand the seriousness of the circumstance. This work aims to discuss the effect of COVID-19 on socioeconomic implications and the impact of lockdown on the food supply chain and agri-business. The paper also summarizes the suggestions needed to control and deduce the impact of COVID-19. For now, the chance of transmission through the food area is viewed as immaterial, and following Covid in workspaces isn't considered as a need by public authorities. However, the unfriendly impacts on the climate, food frameworks and individuals along the food store network are obvious. A food supply chain facilities should concentrate on facilities like maintenance of employees' safety and health, change of conditions in working. To prevent the increment of food prices, the protectionist policy should avoid. We have also suggested a PDS system to overcome food supply chain disruption. In conclusion, the supply chain should respond and overcome the challenging situation in the food supply chain.
Abhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. Impact of COVID-19 in food supply chain: Disruptions and recovery strategy. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences 2021, 2, 100017 -100017.
AMA StyleAbhijit Barman, Rubi Das, Pijus Kanti De. Impact of COVID-19 in food supply chain: Disruptions and recovery strategy. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences. 2021; 2 ():100017-100017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 in food supply chain: Disruptions and recovery strategy." Current Research in Behavioral Sciences 2, no. : 100017-100017.
In the current situation of globalization, the management of a dual-channel supply chain is a significant phenomenon to mark up a conflict between an online channel and traditional retail channels. Decisions of the green level of the product towards the dual-channel supply chain are beneficial for the growing tendency of a company. In this paper, we have generalized a single manufacturer and single retailer two-echelon dual-channel green supply chain. The manufacturer produces the product considering an arbitrary level of the greenness and then sells it through 1) a traditional retail channel and 2) an online channel. Demand in both the retail channel and online-channel is sensitive to price and level of the greenness of the product. The profit maximization SC model has been generalized under two decision-making structures. At first, a centralized decision-making structure is analyzed and the optimal decisions of SC members are exhausted. Secondly, we propose a decentralized decision-making structure to find the optimal selling price and level of greenness. The Stackelberg-game approach has been used to solve the decentralized scenario. This study provides the supply chain literature by coordinating environmental decisions on the dual-channel supply chain system. According to the numerical findings and sensitivity analyses, the centralized scenario is more profitable compared to the decentralized scenario. Finally, some managerial applications are derived based on the sensitivity of some key parameters.
Abhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. Optimal pricing and greening decision in a manufacturer retailer dual-channel supply chain. Materials Today: Proceedings 2021, 42, 870 -875.
AMA StyleAbhijit Barman, Rubi Das, Pijus Kanti De. Optimal pricing and greening decision in a manufacturer retailer dual-channel supply chain. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; 42 ():870-875.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. 2021. "Optimal pricing and greening decision in a manufacturer retailer dual-channel supply chain." Materials Today: Proceedings 42, no. : 870-875.
As the industrial environments become more competitive, managing specific inventory levels and coordination between channel members of a companies supply chain is very much crucial. In this paper, we have analyzed a two-echelon supply chain containing a manufacturer and a retailer in which the manufacturer offers a single product to the retailer and the retailer takes the responsibility of managing the inventory of the product. The products deteriorate at the retailer warehouse at a constant deterioration rate. We have generalized our model for two different demand functions faced by the retailer from the customers’ side. The demand functions are (a) a linear function of price (b) an iso-elastic function of price. The shortage is also allowed and partially backlogged with a constant backlogging rate. Total profit of the supply chain under two different demand scenarios is evaluated for a joint centralized coordination. The prime objective of our paper is to compare the total profit under two different demand functions in joint centralized coordination such that the channel member can decide their optimal sales price, inventory scheduling of retailer, ordering lot size to maximize the total profit. A numerical example has been illustrated to validate the theoretical results. Also, sensitivity analysis of some key parameters is carried out which gives some managerial applications. The findings of this paper demonstrate that linear demand would increase the joint profit of a centralized system. This analysis has an important guiding significance for the supply chain coordination of deteriorating items under linear and iso-elastic demand.
Abhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. An analysis of retailer’s inventory in a two-echelon centralized supply chain co-ordination under price-sensitive demand. SN Applied Sciences 2020, 2, 1 -15.
AMA StyleAbhijit Barman, Rubi Das, Pijus Kanti De. An analysis of retailer’s inventory in a two-echelon centralized supply chain co-ordination under price-sensitive demand. SN Applied Sciences. 2020; 2 (12):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhijit Barman; Rubi Das; Pijus Kanti De. 2020. "An analysis of retailer’s inventory in a two-echelon centralized supply chain co-ordination under price-sensitive demand." SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 12: 1-15.