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Dr. Nowshad Amin is currently serving as a Strategic Hire Professor at the Institute of Sustainable Energy of The National Energy University (@Universiti Tenaga Nasional) of Malaysia and also an Adjunct Professor at The National University of Malaysia (@ Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia). Previously. he served 11 years in the Dept. of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering of The National University of Malaysia (@ Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), where he also led the Solar Photovoltaic Research Group under the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). He also served as the visiting professor at the King Saud University of Saudi Arabia from 2010 till 2016. After completing the higher secondary education from his native country, Bangladesh, he received the Japanese Ministry of Education (MONBUSHO) scholarship to pursue a diploma in Electrical Engineering (1994) at Gunma National College of Technology, Bachelor in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (1996) at Toyohashi University of Technology and followed by Master (1998) and PhD (2001) in solar photovoltaic technology at Tokyo Institute of Technology. His areas of expertise include microelectronics, renewable energy, solar photovoltaic applications and thin film solar PV development. He is actively involved in promoting renewable energy to the developing countries in South and South East Asia, and working as an enthusiastic promoter for the affordable renewable energy resources.
In this paper, optical losses in CdS/CdTe solar cells are calculated on the basis of the designated reflective index of various frontal layers using an OPAL2 calculator for the first time. Two types of glass (0.1 mm ultra-thin Schott and 1.1 mm standard borosilicate glass) were assumed to be coated by different Transparent-Conducting-Oxides (TCOs) such as SnO2:F, ZnO:Al, and ITO forming frontal layers for CdS/CdTe solar cells in superstrate configuration. Absorption, reflectance, transmittance, and consequently optical bandgap energies are calculated as a function of common thicknesses, used in the literature. The results show that an increase in TCO thickness led to a decrease in optical band gap as well as an enhancement in contact potential difference, which can deteriorate device performance. The optimum thickness of 100 nm for SnO2:F was calculated, while 200 nm for ZnO:Al and ITO show reasonable optical losses caused by reflections at the interfaces’ and the layer’s absorption. It is seen that 80 to 150 nm CdS on ITO might be an effective range to satisfy a high short circuit current and low defect densities at the CdS/CdTe interface. Finally, a minimum 2 μm thickness for the CdTe on the ultra-thin Schott glass coated by optimum layers can result in the highest short circuit current of 28.69 mA/cm2. This work offers a practical equivalent strategy to be applied for any superstrate solar cells containing TCO and CdS frontal layers.
Nowshad Amin; Mohammad Rezaul Karim; Zeid Abdullah Alothman. Optical Losses of Frontal Layers in Superstrate CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using OPAL2. Coatings 2021, 11, 943 .
AMA StyleNowshad Amin, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Zeid Abdullah Alothman. Optical Losses of Frontal Layers in Superstrate CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using OPAL2. Coatings. 2021; 11 (8):943.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowshad Amin; Mohammad Rezaul Karim; Zeid Abdullah Alothman. 2021. "Optical Losses of Frontal Layers in Superstrate CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using OPAL2." Coatings 11, no. 8: 943.
The influence of Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) as an interfacial layer between Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layer and Molybdenum (Mo) back contact in a conventional CIGS thin-film solar cell was investigated numerically using SCAPS-1D (a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator). Using graded bandgap profile of the absorber layer that consist of both back grading (BG) and front grading (FG), which is defined as double grading (DG), attribution to the variation in Ga content was studied. The key focus of this study is to explore the combinatorial effects of MoSe2 contact layer and Ga grading of the absorber to suppress carrier losses due to back contact recombination and resistance that usually occur in case of standard Mo thin films. Thickness, bandgap energy, electron affinity and carrier concentration of the MoSe2 layer were all varied to determine the best configuration for incorporating into the CIGS solar cell structure. A bandgap grading profile that offers optimum functionality in the proposed configuration with additional MoSe2 layer has also been investigated. From the overall results, CIGS solar cells with thin MoSe2 layer and high acceptor doping concentration have been found to outperform the devices without MoSe2 layer, with an increase in efficiency from 20.19% to 23.30%. The introduction of bandgap grading in the front and back interfaces of the absorber layer further improves both open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current density (JSC), most likely due to the additional quasi-electric field beneficial for carrier collection and reduced back surface and bulk recombination. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.06%, fill factor (FF) of 81.89%, JSC of 39.45 mA/cm2, and VOC of 0.868 V were achieved by optimizing the properties of MoSe2 layer and bandgap grading configuration of the absorber layer. This study provides an insight into the different possibilities for designing higher efficiency CIGS solar cell structure through the manipulation of naturally formed MoSe2 layer and absorber bandgap engineering that can be experimentally replicated.
Fazliyana Za’Abar; Yulisa Yusoff; Hassan Mohamed; Siti Abdullah; Ahmad Mahmood Zuhdi; Nowshad Amin; Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan; Mohd. Bahrudin; Kazi Rahman; Nurul Samsudin; Wan Wan Abdullah. A Numerical Investigation on the Combined Effects of MoSe2 Interface Layer and Graded Bandgap Absorber in CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells. Coatings 2021, 11, 930 .
AMA StyleFazliyana Za’Abar, Yulisa Yusoff, Hassan Mohamed, Siti Abdullah, Ahmad Mahmood Zuhdi, Nowshad Amin, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, Mohd. Bahrudin, Kazi Rahman, Nurul Samsudin, Wan Wan Abdullah. A Numerical Investigation on the Combined Effects of MoSe2 Interface Layer and Graded Bandgap Absorber in CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells. Coatings. 2021; 11 (8):930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFazliyana Za’Abar; Yulisa Yusoff; Hassan Mohamed; Siti Abdullah; Ahmad Mahmood Zuhdi; Nowshad Amin; Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan; Mohd. Bahrudin; Kazi Rahman; Nurul Samsudin; Wan Wan Abdullah. 2021. "A Numerical Investigation on the Combined Effects of MoSe2 Interface Layer and Graded Bandgap Absorber in CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells." Coatings 11, no. 8: 930.
In this work, cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film was deposited in vacuum (pure argon ambient) as well as different argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) ambient conditions using close-spaced sublimation (CSS) method at the deposition pressure of 1 Torr. The deposited films were characterized via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Hall Effect measurement for the analysis of structural properties, morphology, optical properties and electrical properties, respectively. XRD patterns exhibited almost similar preferential orientation plane at (111) irrespective of the O2 concentration. SEM surface morphology microstructure revealed that O2 presence had substantial effect on grain size reaching up to 7.19 µm. Optical properties also demonstrated insignificant change in the direct band gap values of around 1.48 eV. Carrier concentration showed upward trend in the order of 1013 cm-3, whereby resistivity and mobility did not change substantially either in vacuum (pure Ar ambient) or in Ar/O2 ambient.
M.N. Harif; K.S. Rahman; C. Doroody; H.N. Rosly; M. Isah; M.A. Alghoul; H. Misran; N. Amin. Microstructural evolution of oxygen incorporated CdTe thin films deposited by close-spaced sublimation. Materials Letters 2021, 130552 .
AMA StyleM.N. Harif, K.S. Rahman, C. Doroody, H.N. Rosly, M. Isah, M.A. Alghoul, H. Misran, N. Amin. Microstructural evolution of oxygen incorporated CdTe thin films deposited by close-spaced sublimation. Materials Letters. 2021; ():130552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.N. Harif; K.S. Rahman; C. Doroody; H.N. Rosly; M. Isah; M.A. Alghoul; H. Misran; N. Amin. 2021. "Microstructural evolution of oxygen incorporated CdTe thin films deposited by close-spaced sublimation." Materials Letters , no. : 130552.
Black silicon (BSi) fabrication via surface texturization of Si-wafer in recent times has become an attractive concept regarding photon trapping and improved light absorption properties for photovoltaic applications. In this study, surface texturization has been conducted on mono-crystalline Si(100) wafer using a wet chemical anisotropic etching process with IPA:KOH solution to form micro-pyramidal surface structures. Moreover, the optimized properties of the fabricated BSi wafers are used for numerical simulation using PC1D software to analyze the performance of the solar cell and establish the correlation among relevant parameters. Effects such as doping concentration, texturization, passivation, and anti-reflection coating of BSi on the solar cell performance have numerically been investigated. Results show that textured surface obtained from the wet chemical anisotropic etching process has successfully reduced the reflectance of the BSi wafer and surpassed the solar cell efficiency by 2%, which is mainly attributed to the optical confinement of the textured pyramids on the surface with a height of 1–2 μm and angles of 70 degrees. Furthermore, the doping concentration of the p-type wafer and n-type emitter were optimized to be 1 × 1016 cm−3 and 1 × 1018 cm−3, respectively. In the case of device optimization, the SiO2 passivation layer with a refractive index of 1.48 and the Si3N4 ARC layer with a refractive index of 2.015 has been identified as the best combination for the solar cell performance. These optimized parameters eventually result in 23.14% conversion efficiency from numerical simulation for solar cells that use black silicon wafers as fabricated in this study.
Yasir Arafat; Mohammad Islam; Ahmad Mahmood; Fairuz Abdullah; Tiong Kiong; Nowshad Amin. Study of Black Silicon Wafer through Wet Chemical Etching for Parametric Optimization in Enhancing Solar Cell Performance by PC1D Numerical Simulation. Crystals 2021, 11, 881 .
AMA StyleYasir Arafat, Mohammad Islam, Ahmad Mahmood, Fairuz Abdullah, Tiong Kiong, Nowshad Amin. Study of Black Silicon Wafer through Wet Chemical Etching for Parametric Optimization in Enhancing Solar Cell Performance by PC1D Numerical Simulation. Crystals. 2021; 11 (8):881.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasir Arafat; Mohammad Islam; Ahmad Mahmood; Fairuz Abdullah; Tiong Kiong; Nowshad Amin. 2021. "Study of Black Silicon Wafer through Wet Chemical Etching for Parametric Optimization in Enhancing Solar Cell Performance by PC1D Numerical Simulation." Crystals 11, no. 8: 881.
Over the last decade, optically transparent antennas have been the focus of study for applications ranging from satellite networking to window embedded telecommunications. In this letter, the feasibility of DC-sputtered GZO thin films as an active material for transparent antenna application is briefly investigated. We commence by showing that the optoelectronic properties, namely the optical band gap and electrical conductivity, can be significantly enhanced by vacuum annealing at 550 ˚C. The improvement in electrical conductivity translates to higher return loss and gains for microstrip patch transparent antenna, meanwhile, the increase in band gap results in higher optical transparency, which in return boosts the power conversion efficiency of the underlying solar cell device. This study serves as a groundwork for scalable fabrication route for GZO thin films for solar cell integrated transparent antenna application.
O.R. Alobaidi; P. Chelvanathan; B. Bais; K. Sopian; M.A. Alghoul; Akhtaruzzaman; N. Amin. Vacuum Annealed Ga:ZnO (GZO) Thin Films for Solar Cell Integrated Transparent Antenna Application. Materials Letters 2021, 130551 .
AMA StyleO.R. Alobaidi, P. Chelvanathan, B. Bais, K. Sopian, M.A. Alghoul, Akhtaruzzaman, N. Amin. Vacuum Annealed Ga:ZnO (GZO) Thin Films for Solar Cell Integrated Transparent Antenna Application. Materials Letters. 2021; ():130551.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO.R. Alobaidi; P. Chelvanathan; B. Bais; K. Sopian; M.A. Alghoul; Akhtaruzzaman; N. Amin. 2021. "Vacuum Annealed Ga:ZnO (GZO) Thin Films for Solar Cell Integrated Transparent Antenna Application." Materials Letters , no. : 130551.
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at different Ar flow rates (3 to 7 sccm). The effect of Ar flow rates on the structural, morphology, and electrical properties of the WS2 thin films was investigated thoroughly. Structural analysis exhibited that all the as-grown films showed the highest peak at (101) plane corresponds to rhombohedral phase. The crystalline size of the film ranged from 11.2 to 35.6 nm, while dislocation density ranged from 7.8 × 1014 to 26.29 × 1015 lines/m2. All these findings indicate that as-grown WS2 films are induced with various degrees of defects, which were visible in the FESEM images. FESEM images also identified the distorted crystallographic structure for all the films except the film deposited at 5 sccm of Ar gas flow rate. EDX analysis found that all the films were having a sulfur deficit and suggested that WS2 thin film bears edge defects in its structure. Further, electrical analysis confirms that tailoring of structural defects in WS2 thin film can be possible by the varying Ar gas flow rates. All these findings articulate that Ar gas flow rate is one of the important process parameters in RF magnetron sputtering that could affect the morphology, electrical properties, and structural properties of WS2 thin film. Finally, the simulation study validates the experimental results and encourages the use of WS2 as a buffer layer of CdTe-based solar cells.
Akhtaruzzaman; Shahiduzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Ghulam Muhammad; Mohammad Islam; Khan Rafiq; Kamaruzzaman Sopian. Impact of Ar Flow Rates on Micro-Structural Properties of WS2 Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1635 .
AMA StyleAkhtaruzzaman, Shahiduzzaman, Nowshad Amin, Ghulam Muhammad, Mohammad Islam, Khan Rafiq, Kamaruzzaman Sopian. Impact of Ar Flow Rates on Micro-Structural Properties of WS2 Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (7):1635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkhtaruzzaman; Shahiduzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Ghulam Muhammad; Mohammad Islam; Khan Rafiq; Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2021. "Impact of Ar Flow Rates on Micro-Structural Properties of WS2 Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7: 1635.
Successful cyber-attacks are caused by the exploitation of some vulnerabilities in the software and/or hardware that exist in systems deployed in premises or the cloud. Although hundreds of vulnerabilities are discovered every year, only a small fraction of them actually become exploited, thereby there exists a severe class imbalance between the number of exploited and non-exploited vulnerabilities. The open source national vulnerability database, the largest repository to index and maintain all known vulnerabilities, assigns a unique identifier to each vulnerability. Each registered vulnerability also gets a severity score based on the impact it might inflict upon if compromised. Recent research works showed that the cvss score is not the only factor to select a vulnerability for exploitation, and other attributes in the national vulnerability database can be effectively utilized as predictive feature to predict the most exploitable vulnerabilities. Since cybersecurity management is highly resource savvy, organizations such as cloud systems will benefit when the most likely exploitable vulnerabilities that exist in their system software or hardware can be predicted with as much accuracy and reliability as possible, to best utilize the available resources to fix those first. Various existing research works have developed vulnerability exploitation prediction models by addressing the existing class imbalance based on algorithmic and artificial data resampling techniques but still suffer greatly from the overfitting problem to the major class rendering them practically unreliable. In this research, we have designed a novel cost function feature to address the existing class imbalance. We also have utilized the available large text corpus in the extracted dataset to develop a custom-trained word vector that can better capture the context of the local text data for utilization as an embedded layer in neural networks. Our developed vulnerability exploitation prediction models powered by a novel cost function and custom-trained word vector have achieved very high overall performance metrics for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score and AUC score with values of 0.92, 0.89, 0.98, 0.94 and 0.97, respectively, thereby outperforming any existing models while successfully overcoming the existing overfitting problem for class imbalance.
Mohammad Hoque; Norziana Jamil; Nowshad Amin; Kwok-Yan Lam. An Improved Vulnerability Exploitation Prediction Model with Novel Cost Function and Custom Trained Word Vector Embedding. Sensors 2021, 21, 4220 .
AMA StyleMohammad Hoque, Norziana Jamil, Nowshad Amin, Kwok-Yan Lam. An Improved Vulnerability Exploitation Prediction Model with Novel Cost Function and Custom Trained Word Vector Embedding. Sensors. 2021; 21 (12):4220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Hoque; Norziana Jamil; Nowshad Amin; Kwok-Yan Lam. 2021. "An Improved Vulnerability Exploitation Prediction Model with Novel Cost Function and Custom Trained Word Vector Embedding." Sensors 21, no. 12: 4220.
The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts the manufacturer’s concern since several studies reveal a degradation rate higher than 0.8% per year for the silicon-based technology and reached up to 2.76% per year in a harsh climate. The lifetime of the PV modules is decreased because of numerous degradation modes. Electromigration and delamination are two failure modes that play a significant role in PV modules’ output power losses. The correlations of these two phenomena are not sufficiently explained and understood like other failures such as corrosion and potential-induced degradation. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to elaborate on the correlation and the influence of delamination and electromigration on PV module components such as metallization and organic materials to ensure the reliability of the PV modules. Moreover, the effects, causes, and the sites that tend to face these failures, particularly the silicon solar cells, are explained in detail. Elsewhere, the factors of aging vary as the temperature and humidity change from one country to another. Hence, accelerated tests and the standards used to perform the aging test for PV modules have been covered in this review.
Abdulwahab Hasan; Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani; Seyed Shahahmadi; Mohammad Nur E. Alam; Mohammad Islam; Nowshad Amin. Delamination-and Electromigration-Related Failures in Solar Panels—A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6882 .
AMA StyleAbdulwahab Hasan, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani, Seyed Shahahmadi, Mohammad Nur E. Alam, Mohammad Islam, Nowshad Amin. Delamination-and Electromigration-Related Failures in Solar Panels—A Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6882.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulwahab Hasan; Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani; Seyed Shahahmadi; Mohammad Nur E. Alam; Mohammad Islam; Nowshad Amin. 2021. "Delamination-and Electromigration-Related Failures in Solar Panels—A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6882.
Conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in smart home-building (SHB) are typically driven by batteries, limiting their lifespan and the maximum number of deployable units. To satisfy the energy demand for the next generation of SHB which can interconnect WSNs to make the internet of smart home-building (IoSHB), this study introduces the design and implementation of a 250 mW to 2.3 W energy harvesting device. The proposed device is dynamically autonomous owing to the integration of embedded solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and power storage through a supercapacitor (SC; 5 V, 0.47 F) capable of powering WSNs for 95 s (up to 4.11 V). The deployed device can harvest indoor and outdoor ambient light at a minimum illumination of 50 lux and a maximum illumination of 200 lux. Moreover, the proposed system supports wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to do data transfer to a webserver as a complete internet of things (IoT) device. A customized android dashboard is further developed for data monitoring on a smartphone. All in all, this self-powered WSN node can interface with the users of the SHBs for displaying ambient data, which demonstrates its promising applicability and stability.
Rokonuzzaman; Mahmuda Mishu; Nowshad Amin; Mithulananthan Nadarajah; Rajib Roy; Kazi Rahman; Adamu Buhari; Shuza Binzaid; Mohammad Shakeri; Jagadeesh Pasupuleti. Self-Sustained Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network with Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System for Internet of Smart Home-Building (IoSHB) Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 653 .
AMA StyleRokonuzzaman, Mahmuda Mishu, Nowshad Amin, Mithulananthan Nadarajah, Rajib Roy, Kazi Rahman, Adamu Buhari, Shuza Binzaid, Mohammad Shakeri, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti. Self-Sustained Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network with Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System for Internet of Smart Home-Building (IoSHB) Applications. Micromachines. 2021; 12 (6):653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRokonuzzaman; Mahmuda Mishu; Nowshad Amin; Mithulananthan Nadarajah; Rajib Roy; Kazi Rahman; Adamu Buhari; Shuza Binzaid; Mohammad Shakeri; Jagadeesh Pasupuleti. 2021. "Self-Sustained Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network with Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System for Internet of Smart Home-Building (IoSHB) Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 6: 653.
The structural, morphological and optoelectrical characteristics of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates via Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and chemical bath deposition (CBD) have been explored in this study. CdS thin films were characterized using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Hall effect measurement system. As obvious from XRD investigation, the stable hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure with (002) preferential orientation was resulted from both deposition methods. FESEM study demonstrated uniform grain structure for the sputtered films. Compositional analysis confirmed that S/Cd ratio is 0.28 for the sputtered films and 0.20 for the CBD films. AFM study exhibited spherical crystal surface formation, hills and valleys for CBD films. The optical analysis showed a band gap of 2.40 eV and 2.32 eV for the sputtering and the CBD methods, respectively. Hall effect analysis recorded carrier concentration and resistivity in the order of 1013 cm−3 and 104 Ω cm, respectively. The experimental results recommend that the CdS thin films grown by the sputtering might be favourable as the window layer for solar cell application.
C. Doroody; K.S. Rahman; H.N. Rosly; M.N. Harif; M. Isah; Y.B. Kar; S.K. Tiong; N. Amin. A comparative study of CdS thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and chemical bath deposition. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2021, 133, 105935 .
AMA StyleC. Doroody, K.S. Rahman, H.N. Rosly, M.N. Harif, M. Isah, Y.B. Kar, S.K. Tiong, N. Amin. A comparative study of CdS thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and chemical bath deposition. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2021; 133 ():105935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Doroody; K.S. Rahman; H.N. Rosly; M.N. Harif; M. Isah; Y.B. Kar; S.K. Tiong; N. Amin. 2021. "A comparative study of CdS thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and chemical bath deposition." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 133, no. : 105935.
Recent achievements, based on lead (Pb) halide perovskites, have prompted comprehensive research on low-cost photovoltaics, in order to avoid the major challenges that arise in this respect: Stability and toxicity. In this study, device modelling of lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells has been carried out considering methyl ammonium tin bromide (CH3NH3SnBr3) as perovskite absorber layer. The perovskite structure has been justified theoretically by Goldschmidt tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. Numerical modelling tools were used to investigate the effects of amphoteric defect and interface defect states on the photovoltaic parameters of CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell. The study identifies the density of defect tolerance in the absorber layer, and that both the interfaces are 1015 cm−3, and 1014 cm−3, respectively. Furthermore, the simulation evaluates the influences of metal work function, uniform donor density in the electron transport layer and the impact of series resistance on the photovoltaic parameters of proposed n-TiO2/i-CH3NH3SnBr3/p-NiO solar cell. Considering all the optimization parameters, CH3NH3SnBr3-based perovskite solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency of 21.66% with the Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 31.88 mA/cm2 and Fill Factor of 84.89%. These results divulge the development of environmentally friendly methyl ammonium tin bromide perovskite solar cell.
Samiul Islam; K. Sobayel; Ammar Al-Kahtani; M. Islam; Ghulam Muhammad; N. Amin; Shahiduzzaman; Akhtaruzzaman. Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1218 .
AMA StyleSamiul Islam, K. Sobayel, Ammar Al-Kahtani, M. Islam, Ghulam Muhammad, N. Amin, Shahiduzzaman, Akhtaruzzaman. Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (5):1218.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamiul Islam; K. Sobayel; Ammar Al-Kahtani; M. Islam; Ghulam Muhammad; N. Amin; Shahiduzzaman; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "Defect Study and Modelling of SnX3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with SCAPS-1D." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5: 1218.
Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for large-scale and low-cost photovoltaic devices.
M. S. Chowdhury; Kazi Sajedur Rahman; Vidhya Selvanathan; A. K. Mahmud Hasan; M. S. Jamal; Nurul Asma Samsudin; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Kuaanan Techato. Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells. RSC Advances 2021, 11, 14534 -14541.
AMA StyleM. S. Chowdhury, Kazi Sajedur Rahman, Vidhya Selvanathan, A. K. Mahmud Hasan, M. S. Jamal, Nurul Asma Samsudin, Akhtaruzzaman, Nowshad Amin, Kuaanan Techato. Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells. RSC Advances. 2021; 11 (24):14534-14541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. S. Chowdhury; Kazi Sajedur Rahman; Vidhya Selvanathan; A. K. Mahmud Hasan; M. S. Jamal; Nurul Asma Samsudin; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin; Kuaanan Techato. 2021. "Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells." RSC Advances 11, no. 24: 14534-14541.
In this paper, an integrated thermoelectric (TE) and photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy harvesting system (HEHS) is proposed for self-powered internet of thing (IoT)-enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed system can run at a minimum of 0.8 V input voltage under indoor light illumination of at least 50 lux and a minimum temperature difference, ∆T = 5 °C. At the lowest illumination and temperature difference, the device can deliver 0.14 W of power. At the highest illumination of 200 lux and ∆T = 13 °C, the device can deliver 2.13 W. The developed HEHS can charge a 0.47 F, 5.5 V supercapacitor (SC) up to 4.12 V at the combined input voltage of 3.2 V within 17 s. In the absence of any energy sources, the designed device can back up the complete system for 92 s. The sensors can successfully send 39 data string to the webserver within this time at a two-second data transmission interval. A message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) based IoT framework with a customised smartphone application ‘MQTT dashboard’ is developed and integrated with an ESP32 Wi-Fi module to transmit, store, and monitor the sensors data over time. This research, therefore, opens up new prospects for self-powered autonomous IoT sensor systems under fluctuating environments and energy harvesting regimes, however, utilising available atmospheric light and thermal energy.
Mahmuda Mishu; Rokonuzzaman; Jagadeesh Pasupuleti; Mohammad Shakeri; Kazi Rahman; Shuza Binzaid; Sieh Tiong; Nowshad Amin. An Adaptive TE-PV Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Self-Powered IoT Sensor Applications. Sensors 2021, 21, 2604 .
AMA StyleMahmuda Mishu, Rokonuzzaman, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Mohammad Shakeri, Kazi Rahman, Shuza Binzaid, Sieh Tiong, Nowshad Amin. An Adaptive TE-PV Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Self-Powered IoT Sensor Applications. Sensors. 2021; 21 (8):2604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmuda Mishu; Rokonuzzaman; Jagadeesh Pasupuleti; Mohammad Shakeri; Kazi Rahman; Shuza Binzaid; Sieh Tiong; Nowshad Amin. 2021. "An Adaptive TE-PV Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Self-Powered IoT Sensor Applications." Sensors 21, no. 8: 2604.
In this study, close-spaced sublimation (CSS) grown cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films with good adhesion to 100 µm thin Schott D263T ultra-thin glass (UTG) were investigated. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment in vacuum ambient was executed to enhance the film quality and optoelectrical properties of CdTe thin film. The post-deposition annealing temperature ranging from 360–420 °C was examined to improve the CdTe film quality on UTG substrate. Various characterization techniques have been used to observe the compositional, morphological, optical, as well as electrical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified that the CdTe morphology and grain size could be controlled via CdCl2 treatment temperature. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) results confirmed that the annealing temperature range of 375–390 °C yielded the stoichiometric CdTe films. UV-Vis analysis estimated the post-treatment bandgap energy in the range of 1.39–1.46 eV. Carrier concentration and resistivity were obtained in the order of 1013 cm−3 and 104 Ω-cm, respectively. All the experimental results established that the CdCl2 treatment temperature range of 390–405 °C might be considered as the optimum process temperature for the deposition of CdTe solar cell on UTG substrate in close-spaced sublimation (CSS) method.
Nowshad Amin; Mohammad Karim; Zeid Alothman. Impact of CdCl2 Treatment in CdTe Thin Film Grown on Ultra-Thin Glass Substrate via Close Spaced Sublimation. Crystals 2021, 11, 390 .
AMA StyleNowshad Amin, Mohammad Karim, Zeid Alothman. Impact of CdCl2 Treatment in CdTe Thin Film Grown on Ultra-Thin Glass Substrate via Close Spaced Sublimation. Crystals. 2021; 11 (4):390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowshad Amin; Mohammad Karim; Zeid Alothman. 2021. "Impact of CdCl2 Treatment in CdTe Thin Film Grown on Ultra-Thin Glass Substrate via Close Spaced Sublimation." Crystals 11, no. 4: 390.
Copper oxide (CuxO) films are considered to be an attractive hole-transporting material (HTM) in the inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells due to their unique optoelectronic properties, including intrinsic p-type conductivity, high mobility, low-thermal emittance, and energy band level matching with the perovskite (PS) material. In this study, the potential of reactive sputtered CuxO thin films with a thickness of around 100 nm has been extensively investigated as a promising HTM for effective and stable perovskite solar cells. The as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Hall-effect measurement techniques. The significant change in structural and optoelectronic properties has been observed as an impact of the thermal annealing process. The phase conversion from Cu2O to CuO, including grain size increment, was observed upon thermal annealing. The transmittance and optical bandgap were found to vary with the films’ crystallographic transformation. The predominant p-type conductivity and optimum annealing time for higher mobility have been confirmed from the Hall measurement. Films’ optoelectrical properties were implemented in the complete perovskite solar cell for numerical analysis. The simulation results show that a 40 min annealed CuxO film yields the highest efficiency of 22.56% with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 1.06 V.
Mohammad Islam; Yasmin Wahab; Mayeen Khandaker; Abdullah Alsubaie; Abdulraheem Almalki; David Bradley; Nowshad Amin. High Mobility Reactive Sputtered CuxO Thin Film for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Crystals 2021, 11, 389 .
AMA StyleMohammad Islam, Yasmin Wahab, Mayeen Khandaker, Abdullah Alsubaie, Abdulraheem Almalki, David Bradley, Nowshad Amin. High Mobility Reactive Sputtered CuxO Thin Film for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Crystals. 2021; 11 (4):389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Islam; Yasmin Wahab; Mayeen Khandaker; Abdullah Alsubaie; Abdulraheem Almalki; David Bradley; Nowshad Amin. 2021. "High Mobility Reactive Sputtered CuxO Thin Film for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells." Crystals 11, no. 4: 389.
A detailed comparative analysis using alternative Cl compounds such as InCl2, MgCl2, SnCl2, and ZnCl2 along with CdCl2 was conducted in this study to assess their viability for the thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe films. Similar or even better structural and electrical properties were found upon using InCl2, MgCl2, and ZnCl2 in thermal treatment than the conventional CdCl2. The film's bandgap is found to reduce upon the thermal treatment which varied in the range of 1.44‐1.50 eV. A low amount of metal doping occurred in films' surfaces upon thermal treatment and influence the carrier concentration which varied from 7.32 × 1015‐1.76 × 1017/cm3. The viability of the alternate materials was also investigated through the device simulation. All investigated results indicated that MgCl2 and ZnCl2 can be used in the current manufacturing technique instead of traditional CdCl2, which could reduce the environmental risk and production cost.
Mohammad Aminul Islam; Foo Wah Low; Sieh Kiong Tiong; Suhana Binti Mohd Said; Ghulam Muhammad; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin. The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 13771 -13785.
AMA StyleMohammad Aminul Islam, Foo Wah Low, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Suhana Binti Mohd Said, Ghulam Muhammad, Akhtaruzzaman, Nowshad Amin. The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (9):13771-13785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Aminul Islam; Foo Wah Low; Sieh Kiong Tiong; Suhana Binti Mohd Said; Ghulam Muhammad; Akhtaruzzaman; Nowshad Amin. 2021. "The viability of alternative and nontoxic chlorine containing compounds for thermal treatment of ultrathin CdTe (≤1.0 μm) films." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 9: 13771-13785.
Fabrication of quasi-solid state polymer electrolytes are recently being endorsed by electrochemists due to its superior electrical and physical properties. With the aspiration to develop a sustainable electrolyte component, this study is a novel attempt to fabricate quasi-solid electrolyte based on esterified starch. Potato starch was chemically modified via simple phthaloylation method. The resulting amorphous, hydrophobic starch derivative was used as a polymer base to prepare cost effective thermoplastic gel electrolytes via incorporation of propylene carbonate, dimethylformamide and lithium iodide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations verified the impact of phthaloylation and plasticization in suppressing the crystallinity and hydrophilicity of starch. The biopolymer gel with 40 wt.% LiI recorded the highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 4.82 mS cm−1. The sample with highest ionic conductivity recorded the best efficiency of 3.56%, which is one of the highest values for starch electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The optimized efficiency indicate that starch-based electrolyte has good prospects for fabrication of quasi-solid DSSC.
Vidhya Selvanathan; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Ammar Ahmed Nasser Alkahtani; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Ghulam Muhammad; Akhtaruzzaman. Organosoluble, esterified starch as quasi-solid biopolymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cell. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 12, 1638 -1648.
AMA StyleVidhya Selvanathan, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Alkahtani, Nowshad Amin, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Ghulam Muhammad, Akhtaruzzaman. Organosoluble, esterified starch as quasi-solid biopolymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cell. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 12 ():1638-1648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidhya Selvanathan; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Ammar Ahmed Nasser Alkahtani; Nowshad Amin; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Ghulam Muhammad; Akhtaruzzaman. 2021. "Organosoluble, esterified starch as quasi-solid biopolymer electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cell." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 12, no. : 1638-1648.
This study elucidates a comprehensive comparative study on the structural, morphological and electrical characteristics of cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films grown on ultra-thin glass (UTG) substrates via close-spaced sublimation (CSS) and RF magnetron sputtering. Deposited CdTe films were characterized utilizing the X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Hall effect measurement system. CdTe thin films were in cubic and hexagonal-cubic orientations based on the deposition methods. Micro-strain and dislocation density for sputtered films were very high compared to CSS films. Crystallite sizes were in the range of 30–40 nm for CSS films and 7–25 nm for sputtering films. Grain size was estimated to be around 2 µm and thickness was approximately 1.5 µm for both CSS and sputtering system. Resistivity was almost same as 6.98 × 104 Ω-cm and 6.57 × 104 Ω-cm for CSS and sputtered films, respectively. The experimental results suggest that the CdTe films grown by CSS might be favorable as the optimum absorber layer for solar cell application.
C. Doroody; K.S. Rahman; H.N. Rosly; M.N. Harif; K. Sopian; S.F. Abdullah; N. Amin. A comprehensive comparative study of CdTe thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates by close-spaced sublimation and RF magnetron sputtering. Materials Letters 2021, 293, 129655 .
AMA StyleC. Doroody, K.S. Rahman, H.N. Rosly, M.N. Harif, K. Sopian, S.F. Abdullah, N. Amin. A comprehensive comparative study of CdTe thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates by close-spaced sublimation and RF magnetron sputtering. Materials Letters. 2021; 293 ():129655.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Doroody; K.S. Rahman; H.N. Rosly; M.N. Harif; K. Sopian; S.F. Abdullah; N. Amin. 2021. "A comprehensive comparative study of CdTe thin films grown on ultra-thin glass substrates by close-spaced sublimation and RF magnetron sputtering." Materials Letters 293, no. : 129655.
Due to the efficiency limit placed by Shockley-Queisser for the single junction solar cells, interest has now shifted to the design and fabrication of cost-effective and more efficient multijunction or tandem solar cells. In this study, wxAMPS 3.0 numerical simulation software has been used in designing and optimizing a CdTe/Si based tandem solar cell structure utilizing some selected transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) as electrical and optical interconnectors. Among the three TCOs (SnO2, ITO and AZO) used here, AZO at a thickness of 20 nm illustrated the best efficiency of 26.7156% with Voc = 2.1261 V, Jsc = 13.8071 mA/cm2 and FF = 0.9100 when the thickness of CdTe and Si layers were fixed at 1 µm and 300 µm, respectively. The best possible efficiency for the design was obtained at 38.0417% by reducing the p-CdTe layer thickness from 1 µm to 0.2 µm. This shows that, with proper design and optimized fabrication process, CdTe/Si tandem can push the efficiency beyond the existing single junction limit.
M. Isah; K.S. Rahman; C. Doroody; M.N. Harif; H.N. Rosly; K. Sopian; S.K. Tiong; N. Amin. Design optimization of CdTe/Si tandem solar cell using different transparent conducting oxides as interconnecting layers. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021, 870, 159351 .
AMA StyleM. Isah, K.S. Rahman, C. Doroody, M.N. Harif, H.N. Rosly, K. Sopian, S.K. Tiong, N. Amin. Design optimization of CdTe/Si tandem solar cell using different transparent conducting oxides as interconnecting layers. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 870 ():159351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Isah; K.S. Rahman; C. Doroody; M.N. Harif; H.N. Rosly; K. Sopian; S.K. Tiong; N. Amin. 2021. "Design optimization of CdTe/Si tandem solar cell using different transparent conducting oxides as interconnecting layers." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 870, no. : 159351.
This paper presents a comprehensive review of machine learning (ML) based approaches, especially artificial neural networks (ANNs) in time series data prediction problems. According to literature, around 80% of the world’s total energy demand is supplied either through fuel-based sources such as oil, gas, and coal or through nuclear-based sources. Literature also shows that a shortage of fossil fuels is inevitable and the world will face this problem sooner or later. Moreover, the remote and rural areas that suffer from not being able to reach traditional grid power electricity need alternative sources of energy. A “hybrid-renewable-energy system” (HRES) involving different renewable resources can be used to supply sustainable power in these areas. The uncertain nature of renewable energy resources and the intelligent ability of the neural network approach to process complex time series inputs have inspired the use of ANN methods in renewable energy forecasting. Thus, this study aims to study the different data driven models of ANN approaches that can provide accurate predictions of renewable energy, like solar, wind, or hydro-power generation. Various refinement architectures of neural networks, such as “multi-layer perception” (MLP), “recurrent-neural network” (RNN), and “convolutional-neural network” (CNN), as well as “long-short-term memory” (LSTM) models, have been offered in the applications of renewable energy forecasting. These models are able to perform short-term time-series prediction in renewable energy sources and to use prior information that influences its value in future prediction.
Mijanur Rahman; Mohammad Shakeri; Sieh Tiong; Fatema Khatun; Nowshad Amin; Jagadeesh Pasupuleti; Mohammad Hasan. Prospective Methodologies in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Energy Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2393 .
AMA StyleMijanur Rahman, Mohammad Shakeri, Sieh Tiong, Fatema Khatun, Nowshad Amin, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Mohammad Hasan. Prospective Methodologies in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Energy Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMijanur Rahman; Mohammad Shakeri; Sieh Tiong; Fatema Khatun; Nowshad Amin; Jagadeesh Pasupuleti; Mohammad Hasan. 2021. "Prospective Methodologies in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Energy Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2393.