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Two low-molecular-weight polysaccharides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) were purified from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were investigated and compared in this study. The results showed that GLP-1 and GLP-2 were mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, with weight-average molecular weights of 6.31 and 14.07 kDa, respectively. Additionally, GLP-1 and GLP-2 had a similar chain conformation, crystal structure, and molecular surface morphology. Moreover, GLP-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than GLP-2 in five different assays: 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC). The main linkage types of GLP-1 were found to be →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and Glcp-(1→ by methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. These findings indicated that GLP-1 could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for application in functional foods.
Xiong Gao; Jiayi Qi; Chi-Tang Ho; Bin Li; Yizhen Xie; Shaodan Chen; Huiping Hu; Zhongzheng Chen; Qingping Wu. Purification, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Low-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharides from Ganoderma leucocontextum Fruiting Bodies. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1145 .
AMA StyleXiong Gao, Jiayi Qi, Chi-Tang Ho, Bin Li, Yizhen Xie, Shaodan Chen, Huiping Hu, Zhongzheng Chen, Qingping Wu. Purification, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Low-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharides from Ganoderma leucocontextum Fruiting Bodies. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (7):1145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong Gao; Jiayi Qi; Chi-Tang Ho; Bin Li; Yizhen Xie; Shaodan Chen; Huiping Hu; Zhongzheng Chen; Qingping Wu. 2021. "Purification, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Two Low-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharides from Ganoderma leucocontextum Fruiting Bodies." Antioxidants 10, no. 7: 1145.
Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS), the mature germ cells ejected from the abaxial side of the pileus, have diverse pharmacological effects. However, the genetic regulation of sporulation in this fungus remains unknown. Here, samples corresponding to the abaxial side of the pileus were collected from strain YW-1 at three sequential developmental stages and were then subjected to a transcriptome assay. We identified 1598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and found that the genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were strongly expressed during spore morphogenesis. In particular, genes involved in trehalose and malate synthesis were upregulated, implying the accumulation of specific carbohydrates in mature G. lucidum spores. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in triterpenoid and ergosterol biosynthesis was high in the young fruiting body but gradually decreased with sporulation. Finally, spore development-related regulatory pathways were explored by analyzing the DNA binding motifs of 24 transcription factors that are considered to participate in the control of sporulation. Our results provide a dataset of dynamic gene expression during sporulation in G. lucidum. They also shed light on genes potentially involved in transcriptional regulation of the meiotic process, metabolism pathways in energy provision, and ganoderic acids and ergosterol biosynthesis.
Manjun Cai; Xiaowei Liang; Yuanchao Liu; Huiping Hu; Yizhen Xie; Shaodan Chen; Xiong Gao; Xiangmin Li; Chun Xiao; Diling Chen; Qingping Wu. Transcriptional Dynamics of Genes Purportedly Involved in the Control of Meiosis, Carbohydrate, and Secondary Metabolism during Sporulation in Ganoderma lucidum. Genes 2021, 12, 504 .
AMA StyleManjun Cai, Xiaowei Liang, Yuanchao Liu, Huiping Hu, Yizhen Xie, Shaodan Chen, Xiong Gao, Xiangmin Li, Chun Xiao, Diling Chen, Qingping Wu. Transcriptional Dynamics of Genes Purportedly Involved in the Control of Meiosis, Carbohydrate, and Secondary Metabolism during Sporulation in Ganoderma lucidum. Genes. 2021; 12 (4):504.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManjun Cai; Xiaowei Liang; Yuanchao Liu; Huiping Hu; Yizhen Xie; Shaodan Chen; Xiong Gao; Xiangmin Li; Chun Xiao; Diling Chen; Qingping Wu. 2021. "Transcriptional Dynamics of Genes Purportedly Involved in the Control of Meiosis, Carbohydrate, and Secondary Metabolism during Sporulation in Ganoderma lucidum." Genes 12, no. 4: 504.
Bacillus phage φ29 and its relatives have been considered as one of the most important model organisms for DNA replication, transcription, morphogenesis, DNA packaging studies, and nanotechnology applications. Here, we isolated and characterized a new member of the φ29-like phage, named Bacillus cereus phage vB_BceP-DLc1. This phage, with a unique inserted gene cluster, has the largest genome among known φ29-like phages. DLc1 can use the surface carbohydrate structures of the host cell as receptors and only infects the most related B. cereus strains, showing high host-specificity. The adsorption rate constant and life cycle of DLc1 under experimental conditions were also determined. Not only stable under temperatures below 55 °C and pH range from 5 to 11, the new phage also showed tolerance to high concentrations of NaCl, 75% ethanol, chloroform, and mechanical vortex, which is preferable for practical use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Chun Li; XiaoMing Yuan; Na Li; Juan Wang; Shubo Yu; Haiyan Zeng; Jumei Zhang; Qingping Wu; Yu Ding. Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus cereus Phage vB_BceP-DLc1 Reveals the Largest Member of the Φ29-Like Phages. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1750 .
AMA StyleChun Li, XiaoMing Yuan, Na Li, Juan Wang, Shubo Yu, Haiyan Zeng, Jumei Zhang, Qingping Wu, Yu Ding. Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus cereus Phage vB_BceP-DLc1 Reveals the Largest Member of the Φ29-Like Phages. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (11):1750.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun Li; XiaoMing Yuan; Na Li; Juan Wang; Shubo Yu; Haiyan Zeng; Jumei Zhang; Qingping Wu; Yu Ding. 2020. "Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus cereus Phage vB_BceP-DLc1 Reveals the Largest Member of the Φ29-Like Phages." Microorganisms 8, no. 11: 1750.
Traditional medicinal herbs are widely used and may be contaminated with mycotoxigenic fungi during cultivation, harvesting, and storage, causing spoilage and mycotoxin production. We evaluated the predominant mycoflora and extent of mycotoxin contaminations in 48 contaminated samples of 13 different medicinal herbs. In total, 70.8% of herbs were slightly contaminated with aflatoxins (
Ling Chen; Weipeng Guo; Yuqing Zheng; Jinzhen Zhou; Tingting Liu; Wei Chen; Daqing Liang; Meiping Zhao; Yudan Zhu; Qingping Wu; Jumei Zhang; Chen. Occurrence and Characterization of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Contaminated Medicinal Herbs. Toxins 2020, 12, 30 .
AMA StyleLing Chen, Weipeng Guo, Yuqing Zheng, Jinzhen Zhou, Tingting Liu, Wei Chen, Daqing Liang, Meiping Zhao, Yudan Zhu, Qingping Wu, Jumei Zhang, Chen. Occurrence and Characterization of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Contaminated Medicinal Herbs. Toxins. 2020; 12 (1):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLing Chen; Weipeng Guo; Yuqing Zheng; Jinzhen Zhou; Tingting Liu; Wei Chen; Daqing Liang; Meiping Zhao; Yudan Zhu; Qingping Wu; Jumei Zhang; Chen. 2020. "Occurrence and Characterization of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Contaminated Medicinal Herbs." Toxins 12, no. 1: 30.