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Khalilah Abdul Khalil
Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Biology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 28 August 2021 in Water
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The versatility of a rare metal, molybdenum (Mo) in many industrial applications is one of the reasons why Mo is currently one of the growing environmental pollutants worldwide. Traces of inorganic contaminants, including Mo, have been discovered in Antarctica and are compromising the ecosystem. Bioremediation utilising bacteria to transform pollutants into a less toxic form is one of the approaches for solving Mo pollution. Mo reduction is a process of transforming sodium molybdate with an oxidation state of 6+ to Mo-blue, an inert version of the compound. Although there are a few Mo-reducing microbes that have been identified worldwide, only two studies were reported on the microbial reduction of Mo in Antarctica. Therefore, this study was done to assess the ability of Antarctic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. strain AQ5-05, in reducing Mo. Optimisation of Mo reduction in Mo-supplemented media was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. Through OFAT, Mo was reduced optimally with substrate concentration of sucrose, ammonium sulphate, and molybdate at 1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 10 mM, respectively. The pH and salinity of the media were the best at 7.0 and 0.5 g/L, respectively, while the optimal temperature was at 10 °C. Further optimisation using RSM showed greater Mo-blue production in comparison to OFAT. The strain was able to stand high concentration of Mo and low temperature conditions, thus showing its potential in reducing Mo in Antarctica by employing conditions optimised by RSM.

ACS Style

Syazani Darham; Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Water 2021, 13, 2367 .

AMA Style

Syazani Darham, Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin, Kavilasni Subramaniam, Azham Zulkharnain, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Water. 2021; 13 (17):2367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syazani Darham; Sharifah Nabilah Syed-Muhaimin; Kavilasni Subramaniam; Azham Zulkharnain; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2021. "Optimisation of Various Physicochemical Variables Affecting Molybdenum Bioremediation Using Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05." Water 13, no. 17: 2367.

Review
Published: 23 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Despite the continuous enforcement of Antarctic Treaty System, ATS (1961), today Antarctica is constantly plagued by hydrocarbon pollution from both legacy and present-day wastes, especially near where anthropogenic activities are the most intense. The advances of science have led to multiple breakthroughs to bolster bioremediation techniques and revamp existing laws that prevent or limit the extent of hydrocarbon pollution in Antarctica. This review serves as the extension of collective efforts by the Antarctic communities through visual representation that summarizes decades of findings (circa 2000–2020) from various fields, pertinent to the application of microbe-mediated hydrocarbons remediation. A scientometric analysis was carried out based on indexed, scientific repositories (ScienceDirect and Scopus), encompassing various parameters, including but not limited to keywords co-occurrences, contributing countries, trends and current breakthroughs in polar researches. The emergence of keywords such as bioremediation, biosurfactants, petroleum hydrocarbons, biodiesel, metagenomics and Antarctic treaty policy portrays the dynamic shifts in Antarctic affairs during the last decades, which initially focused on exploration and resources exploitation before switching to scientific research and the more recent ecotourism. This review also presents the hydrocarbonoclastic microbes studied in the past, known and proposed metabolic pathways and genes related to hydrocarbon biodegradation as well as bacterial adaptations to low-temperature condition.

ACS Style

Ahmad Roslee; Siti Ahmad; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Noor Shaharuddin; Khalilah Khalil; Azham Zulkharnain. Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7064 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Roslee, Siti Ahmad, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Noor Shaharuddin, Khalilah Khalil, Azham Zulkharnain. Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Roslee; Siti Ahmad; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Noor Shaharuddin; Khalilah Khalil; Azham Zulkharnain. 2021. "Scientometric Analysis of Diesel Pollutions in Antarctic Territories: A Review of Causes and Potential Bioremediation Approaches." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7064.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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The extensive industrial use of the heavy metal molybdenum (Mo) has led to an emerging global pollution with its traces that can even be found in Antarctica. In response, a reduction process that transforms hexamolybdate (Mo6+) to a less toxic compound, Mo-blue, using microorganisms provides a sustainable remediation approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the reduction of Mo by a psychrotolerant Antarctic marine bacterium, Marinomonas sp. strain AQ5-A9. Mo reduction was optimised using One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Subsequently, Mo reduction kinetics were further studied. OFAT results showed that maximum Mo reduction occurred in culture media conditions of pH 6.0 and 50 ppt salinity at 15 °C, with initial sucrose, nitrogen and molybdate concentrations of 2.0%, 3.0 g/L and 10 mM, respectively. Further optimization using RSM identified improved optimum conditions of pH 6.0 and 47 ppt salinity at 16 °C, with initial sucrose, nitrogen and molybdate concentrations of 1.8%, 2.25 g/L and 16 mM, respectively. Investigation of the kinetics of Mo reduction revealed Aiba as the best-fitting model. The calculated Aiba coefficient of maximum Mo reduction rate (µmax) was 0.067 h−1. The data obtained support the potential use of marine bacteria in the bioremediation of Mo.

ACS Style

Syazani Darham; Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Peter Convey; Khalilah Khalil; Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Molybdenum Reduction Using a Psychrotolerant Marine Bacteria Isolated from Antarctica. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 648 .

AMA Style

Syazani Darham, Khadijah Zahri, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Peter Convey, Khalilah Khalil, Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Molybdenum Reduction Using a Psychrotolerant Marine Bacteria Isolated from Antarctica. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (6):648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syazani Darham; Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Peter Convey; Khalilah Khalil; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Statistical Optimisation and Kinetic Studies of Molybdenum Reduction Using a Psychrotolerant Marine Bacteria Isolated from Antarctica." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6: 648.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Microorganisms
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Hydrocarbon pollution is widespread around the globe and, even in the remoteness of Antarctica, the impacts of hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources are still apparent. Antarctica’s chronically cold temperatures and other extreme environmental conditions reduce the rates of biological processes, including the biodegradation of pollutants. However, the native Antarctic microbial diversity provides a reservoir of cold-adapted microorganisms, some of which have the potential for biodegradation. This study evaluated the diesel hydrocarbon-degrading ability of a psychrotolerant marine bacterial consortium obtained from the coast of the north-west Antarctic Peninsula. The consortium’s growth conditions were optimised using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and statistical response surface methodology (RSM), which identified optimal growth conditions of pH 8.0, 10 °C, 25 ppt NaCl and 1.5 g/L NH4NO3. The predicted model was highly significant and confirmed that the parameters’ salinity, temperature, nitrogen concentration and initial diesel concentration significantly influenced diesel biodegradation. Using the optimised values generated by RSM, a mass reduction of 12.23 mg/mL from the initial 30.518 mg/mL (4% (w/v)) concentration of diesel was achieved within a 6 d incubation period. This study provides further evidence for the presence of native hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in non-contaminated Antarctic seawater.

ACS Style

Nur Zakaria; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Ahmad Roslee; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Leyla Cárdenas; Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1213 .

AMA Style

Nur Zakaria, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Ahmad Roslee, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Noor Shaharuddin, Leyla Cárdenas, Siti Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (6):1213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Zakaria; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Ahmad Roslee; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Noor Shaharuddin; Leyla Cárdenas; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Statistical Optimisation of Diesel Biodegradation at Low Temperatures by an Antarctic Marine Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Non-Contaminated Seawater." Microorganisms 9, no. 6: 1213.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Biology
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Pollution associated with petrogenic hydrocarbons is increasing in Antarctica due to a combination of increasing human activity and the continent’s unforgiving environmental conditions. The current study focuses on the ability of a cold-adapted crude microbial consortium (BS24), isolated from soil on the north-west Antarctic Peninsula, to metabolise diesel fuel as the sole carbon source in a shake-flask setting. Factors expected to influence the efficiency of diesel biodegradation, namely temperature, initial diesel concentration, nitrogen source type and concentration, salinity and pH were studied. Consortium BS24 displayed optimal cell growth and diesel degradation activity at 1.0% NaCl, pH 7.5, 0.5 g/L NH4Cl and 2.0% v/v initial diesel concentration during one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analyses. The consortium was psychrotolerant based on the optimum growth temperature of 10‒15 °C. In conventionally optimised media, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) mineralisation was 85% over a 7-day incubation. Further optimisation of conditions predicted through statistical response-surface methodology (RSM) (1.0% NaCl, pH 7.25, 0.75 g/L NH4Cl, 12.5 °C and 1.75% v/v initial diesel concentration) boosted mineralisation to 95% over a 7-day incubation. A Tessier secondary model best described the growth pattern of BS24 in diesel-enriched medium, with maximum specific growth rate, μmax, substrate inhibition constant, Ki and half saturation constant, Ks, being 0.9996 h−1, 1.356% v/v and 1.238% v/v, respectively. The data obtained suggest the potential of microbial consortia such as BS24 in bioremediation applications in low-temperature diesel-polluted soils.

ACS Style

Ahmad Roslee; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Nur Zakaria; Nor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica. Biology 2021, 10, 493 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Roslee, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Nur Zakaria, Nor Shaharuddin, Azham Zulkharnain, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Siti Ahmad. Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica. Biology. 2021; 10 (6):493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Roslee; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Nur Zakaria; Nor Shaharuddin; Azham Zulkharnain; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "Growth Optimisation and Kinetic Profiling of Diesel Biodegradation by a Cold-Adapted Microbial Consortium Isolated from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica." Biology 10, no. 6: 493.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Life
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Hydrocarbons can cause pollution to Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, both through accidental release and the discharge of waste cooking oil in grey water. Such pollutants can persist for long periods in cold environments. The native microbial community may play a role in their biodegradation. In this study, using mixed native Antarctic bacterial communities, several environmental factors influencing biodegradation of waste canola oil (WCO) and pure canola oil (PCO) were optimised using established one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The factors include salinity, pH, type of nitrogen and concentration, temperature, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration in OFAT and only the significant factors proceeded for the statistical optimisation through RSM. High concentration of substrate targeted for degradation activity through RSM compared to OFAT method. As for the result, all factors were significant in PBD, while only 4 factors were significant in biodegradation of PCO (pH, nitrogen concentration, yeast extract and initial substrate concentration). Using OFAT, the most effective microbial community examined was able to degrade 94.42% and 86.83% (from an initial concentration of 0.5% (v/v)) of WCO and PCO, respectively, within 7 days. Using RSM, 94.99% and 79.77% degradation of WCO and PCO was achieved in 6 days. The significant interaction for the RSM in biodegradation activity between temperature and WCO concentration in WCO media were exhibited. Meanwhile, in biodegradation of PCO the significant factors were between (1) pH and PCO concentration, (2) nitrogen concentration and yeast extract, (3) nitrogen concentration and PCO concentration. The models for the RSM were validated for both WCO and PCO media and it showed no significant difference between experimental and predicted values. The efficiency of canola oil biodegradation achieved in this study provides support for the development of practical strategies for efficient bioremediation in the Antarctic environment.

ACS Style

Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Suriana Sabri; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Life 2021, 11, 456 .

AMA Style

Khadijah Zahri, Azham Zulkharnain, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Suriana Sabri, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Peter Convey, Siti Ahmad. The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Life. 2021; 11 (5):456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khadijah Zahri; Azham Zulkharnain; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Suriana Sabri; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Peter Convey; Siti Ahmad. 2021. "The Use of Response Surface Methodology as a Statistical Tool for the Optimisation of Waste and Pure Canola Oil Biodegradation by Antarctic Soil Bacteria." Life 11, no. 5: 456.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Study of the potential of Antarctic microorganisms for use in bioremediation is of increasing interest due to their adaptations to harsh environmental conditions and their metabolic potential in removing a wide variety of organic pollutants at low temperature. In this study, the psychrotolerant bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-07, originally isolated from soil from King George Island (South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic), was found to be capable of utilizing phenol as sole carbon and energy source. The bacterium achieved 92.91% degradation of 0.5 g/L phenol under conditions predicted by response surface methodology (RSM) within 84 h at 14.8 °C, pH 7.05, and 0.41 g/L ammonium sulphate. The assembled draft genome sequence (6.75 Mbp) of strain AQ5-07 was obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The genome analysis identified a complete gene cluster containing catA, catB, catC, catR, pheR, pheA2, and pheA1. The genome harbours the complete enzyme systems required for phenol and catechol degradation while suggesting phenol degradation occurs via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Enzymatic assay using cell-free crude extract revealed catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity while no catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was detected, supporting this suggestion. The genomic sequence data provide information on gene candidates responsible for phenol and catechol degradation by indigenous Antarctic bacteria and contribute to knowledge of microbial aromatic metabolism and genetic biodiversity in Antarctica.

ACS Style

Gillian Li Yin Lee; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Hiroyuki Futamata; Azham Zulkharnain; Kenshi Suzuki; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 9363 .

AMA Style

Gillian Li Yin Lee, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Peter Convey, Hiroyuki Futamata, Azham Zulkharnain, Kenshi Suzuki, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Siti Aisyah Alias, Gerardo González-Rocha, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (24):9363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gillian Li Yin Lee; Nur Nadhirah Zakaria; Peter Convey; Hiroyuki Futamata; Azham Zulkharnain; Kenshi Suzuki; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Noor Azmi Shaharuddin; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2020. "Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9363.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Petroleum hydrocarbons, notably diesel oil, are the main energy source for running amenities in the Antarctic region and are the major cause of pollution in this area. Diesel oil spills are one of the major challenges facing management of the Antarctic environment. Bioremediation using bacteria can be an effective and eco-friendly approach for their remediation. However, since the introduction of non-native organisms, including microorganisms, into the Antarctic or between the distinct biogeographical regions within the continent is not permitted under the Antarctic Treaty, it is crucial to discover native oil-degrading, psychrotolerant microorganisms that can be used in diesel bioremediation. The primary aim of the current study is to optimize the conditions for growth and diesel degradation activity of an Antarctic local bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. strain AQ5-05, using the Plackett-Burman approach and response surface method (RSM) via a central composite design (CCD) approach. Based on this approach, temperature, pH, and salinity were calculated to be optimum at 16.30 °C, pH 7.67 and 1.12% (w/v), respectively. A second order polynomial regression model very accurately represented the experimental figures’ interpretation. These optimized environmental conditions increased diesel degradation from 34.5% (at 10 °C, pH 7.00 and 1.00% (w/v) salinity) to 56.4%. Further investigation of the kinetics of diesel reduction by strain AQ5-05 revealed that the Teissier model had the lowest RMSE and AICC values. The calculated values for the Teissier constants of maximal growth rate, half-saturation rate constant for the maximal growth, and half inhibition constants (μmax, Ks, and Ki), were 0.999 h−1, 1.971% (v/v) and 1.764% (v/v), respectively. The data obtained therefore confirmed the potential application of this cold-tolerant strain in the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated Antarctic soils at low temperature.

ACS Style

Mansur Abdulrasheed; Azham Zulkharnain; Nur Zakaria; Ahmad Roslee; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Suhaimi Napis; Peter Convey; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Kinetics of Diesel Degradation by a Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6966 .

AMA Style

Mansur Abdulrasheed, Azham Zulkharnain, Nur Zakaria, Ahmad Roslee, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Suhaimi Napis, Peter Convey, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Siti Ahmad. Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Kinetics of Diesel Degradation by a Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6966.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mansur Abdulrasheed; Azham Zulkharnain; Nur Zakaria; Ahmad Roslee; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Suhaimi Napis; Peter Convey; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Siti Ahmad. 2020. "Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Kinetics of Diesel Degradation by a Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. Strain AQ5-05." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6966.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Molecules
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With the progressive increase in human activities in the Antarctic region, the possibility of domestic oil spillage also increases. Developing means for the removal of oils, such as canola oil, from the environment and waste “grey” water using biological approaches is therefore desirable, since the thermal process of oil degradation is expensive and ineffective. Thus, in this study an indigenous cold-adapted Antarctic soil bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis strain AQ5-07, was screened for biosurfactant production ability using the multiple approaches of blood haemolysis, surface tension, emulsification index, oil spreading, drop collapse and “MATH” assay for cellular hydrophobicity. The growth kinetics of the bacterium containing different canola oil concentration was studied. The strain showed β-haemolysis on blood agar with a high emulsification index and low surface tension value of 91.5% and 25.14 mN/m, respectively. Of the models tested, the Haldane model provided the best description of the growth kinetics, although several models were similar in performance. Parameters obtained from the modelling were the maximum specific growth rate (qmax), concentration of substrate at the half maximum specific growth rate, Ks% (v/v) and the inhibition constant Ki% (v/v), with values of 0.142 h−1, 7.743% (v/v) and 0.399% (v/v), respectively. These biological coefficients are useful in predicting growth conditions for batch studies, and also relevant to “in field” bioremediation strategies where the concentration of oil might need to be diluted to non-toxic levels prior to remediation. Biosurfactants can also have application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) under different environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Salihu Ibrahim; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Peter Convey; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Biosurfactant Production and Growth Kinetics Studies of the Waste Canola Oil-Degrading Bacterium Rhodococcuserythropolis AQ5-07 from Antarctica. Molecules 2020, 25, 3878 .

AMA Style

Salihu Ibrahim, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Peter Convey, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Siti Aisyah Alias, Gerardo González-Rocha, Siti Aqlima Ahmad. Biosurfactant Production and Growth Kinetics Studies of the Waste Canola Oil-Degrading Bacterium Rhodococcuserythropolis AQ5-07 from Antarctica. Molecules. 2020; 25 (17):3878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salihu Ibrahim; Khalilah Abdul Khalil; Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri; Claudio Gomez-Fuentes; Peter Convey; Azham Zulkharnain; Suriana Sabri; Siti Aisyah Alias; Gerardo González-Rocha; Siti Aqlima Ahmad. 2020. "Biosurfactant Production and Growth Kinetics Studies of the Waste Canola Oil-Degrading Bacterium Rhodococcuserythropolis AQ5-07 from Antarctica." Molecules 25, no. 17: 3878.