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Teun Veldkamp
Animal Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1 (Building 122), 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Short Biography

Teun Veldkamp is senior researcher poultry nutrition / insects as feed in the Animal Nutrition department of Wageningen Livestock Research. Dr. Veldkamp joined Wageningen Livestock Research in 1989. In 2002 he received his Ph.D. on the thesis “Heat stress and diet utilization in male turkeys – The role of dietary energy and amino acids”. Now he is working on poultry nutrition research in broilers, laying hens, broiler breeders and turkeys. Main research topics in poultry nutrition are feed evaluation, amino acid requirements, feed additives: efficacy and tolerance trials for registration purposes. Since 2012 Dr. Veldkamp is involved in many projects related to insects as feed and is coordinator of the H2020 project SUSINCHAIN (SUStainable INsect CHAIN). Since 2016 Dr. Veldkamp is president of the Study Commission Insects of the European Federation of Animal Science and he is member of the editorial board of the Journal of Insects as Food and Feed.

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Feed

Review
Published: 03 August 2021 in Animals
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Livestock feed encompasses both human edible and human inedible components. Human edible feed components may become less available for livestock. Especially for proteins, this calls for action. This review focuses on using alternative protein sources in feed and protein efficiency, the expected problems, and how these problems could be solved. Breeding for higher protein efficiency leading to less use of the protein sources may be one strategy. Replacing (part of) the human edible feed components with human inedible components may be another strategy, which could be combined with breeding for livestock that can efficiently digest novel protein feed sources. The potential use of novel protein sources is discussed. We discuss the present knowledge on novel protein sources, including the consequences for animal performance and production costs, and make recommendations for the use and optimization of novel protein sources (1) to improve our knowledge on the inclusion of human inedible protein into the diet of livestock, (2) because cooperation between animal breeders and nutritionists is needed to share knowledge and combine expertise, and (3) to investigate the effect of animal-specific digestibility of protein sources for selective breeding for each protein source and for precision feeding. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics will be important tools.

ACS Style

Marinus Te Pas; Teun Veldkamp; Yvette de Haas; André Bannink; Esther Ellen. Adaptation of Livestock to New Diets Using Feed Components without Competition with Human Edible Protein Sources—A Review of the Possibilities and Recommendations. Animals 2021, 11, 2293 .

AMA Style

Marinus Te Pas, Teun Veldkamp, Yvette de Haas, André Bannink, Esther Ellen. Adaptation of Livestock to New Diets Using Feed Components without Competition with Human Edible Protein Sources—A Review of the Possibilities and Recommendations. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marinus Te Pas; Teun Veldkamp; Yvette de Haas; André Bannink; Esther Ellen. 2021. "Adaptation of Livestock to New Diets Using Feed Components without Competition with Human Edible Protein Sources—A Review of the Possibilities and Recommendations." Animals 11, no. 8: 2293.

Review
Published: 01 July 2021 in Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
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Insects or products derived from insects are considered as a valuable feed ingredient for aquaculture, poultry, and pigs but also exert possible secondary effects of health stimulators in livestock as reported in literature. Health benefits attributed to insects can create additional value in the insect chain. Three categories of bioactive compounds in insects are reported in this desk study: antimicrobial peptides (such as α-helical peptides, cysteine-rich peptides, proline-rich peptides, glycine-rich peptides), fatty acids (especially lauric acid), and polysaccharides (especially chitin and chitosan). The review summarises the recent literature on these three categories. Antimicrobial properties or immuno-modulating effects may contribute to reduce the use of antibiotics and to avoid antibiotic resistance in livestock when these insect products are included in animal diets. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity of insect-proteins might reduce collateral tissue damage. Health stimulating effects of insect products may result in additional applications of insect products in animal feed for livestock.

ACS Style

T. Veldkamp; L. Dong; A. Paul; C. Govers. Bioactive properties of insect products for monogastric animals – a review. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

T. Veldkamp, L. Dong, A. Paul, C. Govers. Bioactive properties of insect products for monogastric animals – a review. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Veldkamp; L. Dong; A. Paul; C. Govers. 2021. "Bioactive properties of insect products for monogastric animals – a review." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed , no. : 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
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This review is focusing on effects of inclusion of insect products in pig diets on digestibility, performance, product quality, and health parameters. In 2019 pig feed accounts for 23% of the global feed production. Soybean meal is the most common protein source in pig diets. A shift towards more sustainable feed ingredients can improve the sustainability of entire pig production. Novel protein sources currently evaluated in diets for piglets and growing pigs are insect-based ingredients. Insects are able to convert organic biomass into high-quality protein. Currently the use of insects as protein source in pig diets is not allowed due to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies regulation but it is expected that this will be allowed in the near future. Research efforts on effects of inclusion of insect products on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, product quality and pig health are therefore increasing. Nutrient digestibility of evaluated insect proteins was comparable with traditional protein sources. Nutrient digestibility of insect-based diets as well as effects on growth performance in pigs fed insect-based diets differed between studies. The differences in responses are mainly due to changes in diet ingredients and nutrient composition when insect products are included. Health related parameters were not affected by dietary inclusion of insect products. In general it can be stated that differences in results between studies may be due to different insect species and life stages being used, differences in nutritional value of the insect products, in dietary inclusion levels, in processing techniques applied, effects on palatability of the diet, (weaning) age of the animals involved and research methods applied. Overall, insect products seem to be a good alternative to partly replace traditional protein-rich ingredients in pig diets without adversely affecting growth performance, product quality and health, but more standardised research is required to reduce differences between studies.

ACS Style

T. Veldkamp; A.G. Vernooij. Use of insect products in pig diets. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

T. Veldkamp, A.G. Vernooij. Use of insect products in pig diets. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Veldkamp; A.G. Vernooij. 2021. "Use of insect products in pig diets." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed , no. : 1-14.

Report
Published: 01 January 2021 in Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design
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ACS Style

A.G. Vernooij; T. Veldkamp; H.E.J. Bos-Brouwers; S. Hetterscheid; W.H. Hendriks; Food & Chains Fresh; Wias. Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design. Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

A.G. Vernooij, T. Veldkamp, H.E.J. Bos-Brouwers, S. Hetterscheid, W.H. Hendriks, Food & Chains Fresh, Wias. Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design. Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.G. Vernooij; T. Veldkamp; H.E.J. Bos-Brouwers; S. Hetterscheid; W.H. Hendriks; Food & Chains Fresh; Wias. 2021. "Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design." Suitability of side flows as ingredients for poultry feed : Wildcard connected circularity – agrologistics of side flows: the missing link for circularity by design , no. : 1.

Report
Published: 01 January 2021 in Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020
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ACS Style

Stacy Pyett; Food & Chains Fresh; Emely de Vet; Ayla Schwarz; Hans Dagevos; Alwin Gerritsen; Elke Scholten; Luisa Trindade; Teun Veldkamp; Consumption And Healthy Lifestyles; Wass; Lei Consumer And Chain; Economics of Consumers and Households Group; Alterra - Regional development and spatial use; Vlag; Physics And Physical Chemistry Of Foods; Laboratory Of Plant Breeding; Eps; Lr - Animal Nutrition. Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020. Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Stacy Pyett, Food & Chains Fresh, Emely de Vet, Ayla Schwarz, Hans Dagevos, Alwin Gerritsen, Elke Scholten, Luisa Trindade, Teun Veldkamp, Consumption And Healthy Lifestyles, Wass, Lei Consumer And Chain, Economics of Consumers and Households Group, Alterra - Regional development and spatial use, Vlag, Physics And Physical Chemistry Of Foods, Laboratory Of Plant Breeding, Eps, Lr - Animal Nutrition. Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020. Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stacy Pyett; Food & Chains Fresh; Emely de Vet; Ayla Schwarz; Hans Dagevos; Alwin Gerritsen; Elke Scholten; Luisa Trindade; Teun Veldkamp; Consumption And Healthy Lifestyles; Wass; Lei Consumer And Chain; Economics of Consumers and Households Group; Alterra - Regional development and spatial use; Vlag; Physics And Physical Chemistry Of Foods; Laboratory Of Plant Breeding; Eps; Lr - Animal Nutrition. 2021. "Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020." Protein Transition Investment Theme : Mid-term report 2019-2020 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2019 in Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
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Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) are a suitable protein source for poultry. However the effect of live BSFL supplementation on growth performance and behaviour has never been demonstrated and quantified in turkeys. Wild turkeys eat insects during the first two weeks of life which is in contrast with commercially fed crumbs or pellets. Damaging pecking behaviour is a severe problem in turkeys. More lively diets may improve natural behaviour and decrease damaging pecking behaviour. The aim of the experiment was to stimulate natural behaviour of young non-beak treated turkeys by supply of live BSFL to avoid damaging pecking behaviour. Two treatments with seven replicates were studied in 14 floor pens (1.5 m2/pen and 20 turkeys per pen) from 0 to 35 days of age. Control groups were fed commercial diets and BSFL groups received live BSFL. The daily BSFL intake was calculated to be 10% of the expected daily feed intake (based on fresh weight) and dietary nutrient composition was adjusted in a way that control and BSFL groups were fed iso-nutritious. Daily feed intake and body weight gain of BSFL groups were significantly higher compared to control groups resulting in a significantly higher body weight at five weeks of age (2,190 vs 2,015 g; P=0.003) and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio. In the first week there was a tendency for more foraging related behaviour for the BSFL groups, but in the third and fifth week BSFL groups showed less foraging related behaviour compared to control groups. Provision of BSFL reduced aggressive pecking directed at the back and tail base at 5 weeks of age. Although the incidence of feather and skin damage was low, this type of damage tended to be lower in the BSFL groups.

ACS Style

T. Veldkamp; T.G.C.M. Van Niekerk. Live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for turkey poults. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2019, 5, 301 -311.

AMA Style

T. Veldkamp, T.G.C.M. Van Niekerk. Live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for turkey poults. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2019; 5 (4):301-311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Veldkamp; T.G.C.M. Van Niekerk. 2019. "Live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for turkey poults." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 5, no. 4: 301-311.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2018 in Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
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Insects or insect products are valuable feedstuffs for animal feeds but for further implementation more research is required. Different symposia contribute to sharing the obtained knowledge and in this special issue the activities of the EAAP study commission Insects are highlighted as well as five papers presented during the 2017 annual EAAP meeting in Tallinn, Estonia and one paper presented during the ‘Insectinov2 2017’ meeting in France. The papers highlight different aspects of the insect chain such as sustainability, insect health, bacterial contamination, nutritional value of insect meal and regulatory system.

ACS Style

T. Veldkamp; J. Eilenberg. Insects in European feed and food chains. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2018, 4, 143 -145.

AMA Style

T. Veldkamp, J. Eilenberg. Insects in European feed and food chains. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2018; 4 (3):143-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Veldkamp; J. Eilenberg. 2018. "Insects in European feed and food chains." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, no. 3: 143-145.

Nutrition and metabolism
Published: 02 February 2018 in British Poultry Science
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1. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to compare the effects of wheat or maize based diets differing in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on litter moisture and foot pad dermatitis (FPD) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age in heavy-medium turkeys. A second objective was to investigate the effects on foot pad dermatitis of the interaction between dietary composition and artificially increasing litter moisture by adding water to the litter. 2. High DEB diets contained soya as the main protein source whereas low DEB diets did not contain soya bean meal. Diets were formulated to be iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous in each of 3 successive 4-week phases following recommended dietary compositions. DEB concentrations were 330, 290 and 250 mEq/kg in high DEB diets and 230, 200 and 180 mEq/kg in low DEB diets. 3. Litter moisture and mean FPD score were higher in turkeys fed on high DEB diets compared with low DEB diets whereas there was no difference between maize and wheat. 4. Food intake was similar and body weight was lower after litter moisture was artificially raised in the wet compared with the dry litter treatment and there was no interaction with dietary composition. 5. Mean body weight and feed intake were higher in turkeys fed on wheat compared with maize and in high DEB compared with low DEB diets at 12 weeks of age. 6. Lowering dietary DEB for turkeys may improve litter moisture and lower the prevalence of FPD in commercial turkey flocks.

ACS Style

P. M. Hocking; L. J. Vinco; T. Veldkamp. Soya bean meal increases litter moisture and foot pad dermatitis in maize and wheat based diets for turkeys but maize and non-soya diets lower body weight. British Poultry Science 2018, 59, 227 -231.

AMA Style

P. M. Hocking, L. J. Vinco, T. Veldkamp. Soya bean meal increases litter moisture and foot pad dermatitis in maize and wheat based diets for turkeys but maize and non-soya diets lower body weight. British Poultry Science. 2018; 59 (2):227-231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. M. Hocking; L. J. Vinco; T. Veldkamp. 2018. "Soya bean meal increases litter moisture and foot pad dermatitis in maize and wheat based diets for turkeys but maize and non-soya diets lower body weight." British Poultry Science 59, no. 2: 227-231.

Evaluation study
Published: 27 October 2017 in British Poultry Science
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1. An experiment was conducted to compare 5 different methods for the evaluation of litter moisture. 2. For litter collection and assessment, 55 farms were selected, one shed from each farm was inspected and 9 points were identified within each shed. 3. For each device, used for the evaluation of litter moisture, mean and standard deviation of wetness measures per collection point were assessed. 4. The reliability and overall consistency between the 5 instruments used to measure wetness were high (α = 0.72). 5. Measurement of three out of the 9 collection points were sufficient to provide a reliable assessment of litter moisture throughout the shed. 6. Based on the direct correlation between litter moisture and footpad lesions, litter moisture measurement can be used as a resource based on-farm animal welfare indicator. 7. Among the 5 methods analysed, visual scoring is the most simple and practical, and therefore the best candidate to be used on-farm for animal welfare assessment.

ACS Style

L. J. Vinco; S. Giacomelli; L. Campana; M. Chiari; N. Vitale; G. Lombardi; T. Veldkamp; P. M. Hocking. Identification of a practical and reliable method for the evaluation of litter moisture in turkey production. British Poultry Science 2017, 59, 7 -12.

AMA Style

L. J. Vinco, S. Giacomelli, L. Campana, M. Chiari, N. Vitale, G. Lombardi, T. Veldkamp, P. M. Hocking. Identification of a practical and reliable method for the evaluation of litter moisture in turkey production. British Poultry Science. 2017; 59 (1):7-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. J. Vinco; S. Giacomelli; L. Campana; M. Chiari; N. Vitale; G. Lombardi; T. Veldkamp; P. M. Hocking. 2017. "Identification of a practical and reliable method for the evaluation of litter moisture in turkey production." British Poultry Science 59, no. 1: 7-12.

Nutrition and metabolism
Published: 14 August 2017 in British Poultry Science
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1. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of crude protein (CP) concentration and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, processing yields, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in male turkeys from two commercial hybrids. Soya bean meal was replaced by vegetable protein sources selected for lower K concentrations to lower DEB in order to improve litter quality and subsequent quality of foot pads. 2. Effects of CP on litter friability and wetness were not consistent during the production period. FPD in turkeys fed on diets with low CP was significantly lower than FPD in turkeys fed on diets with high CP until 84 d. Growth performance was adversely affected at low CP. Processing yields were not affected by CP. 3. Litter was significantly dryer in pens of turkeys fed on diets with low DEB than in pens of turkeys fed on diets with high DEB. FPD in turkeys fed on diets with low DEB was significantly lower than in turkeys fed on diets with high DEB. Growth performance and processing yields were adversely affected at low DEB. 4. FPD in turkey hybrid A was higher than in turkey hybrid B at 28 d of age. Thereafter, no differences in FPD between turkey hybrids were observed. Growth performance and processing yields were not affected by turkey hybrid. 5. Overall, a significant interaction effect of CP × DEB was observed for FCR: in turkeys fed on the high DEB treatment, FCR of turkeys fed on the high CP diets was lower than FCR of turkeys fed on the low CP (LCP) diets whereas on the low DEB treatment, FCR was not affected by CP treatment. 6. It was concluded that litter quality can be improved and FPD may be decreased in turkeys fed on diets containing lower CP and DEB levels.

ACS Style

T. Veldkamp; P. M. Hocking; L. J. Vinco. Effect of crude protein concentration and dietary electrolyte balance on litter quality, foot pad dermatitis, growth performance and processing yields in two medium heavy turkey hybrids. British Poultry Science 2017, 58, 557 -568.

AMA Style

T. Veldkamp, P. M. Hocking, L. J. Vinco. Effect of crude protein concentration and dietary electrolyte balance on litter quality, foot pad dermatitis, growth performance and processing yields in two medium heavy turkey hybrids. British Poultry Science. 2017; 58 (5):557-568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Veldkamp; P. M. Hocking; L. J. Vinco. 2017. "Effect of crude protein concentration and dietary electrolyte balance on litter quality, foot pad dermatitis, growth performance and processing yields in two medium heavy turkey hybrids." British Poultry Science 58, no. 5: 557-568.

Clinical trial
Published: 01 February 2005 in Poultry Science
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The effects of ambient temperature (T; 18 vs. 28 degrees C), dietary energy level [E; 90, 100, and 110% of NRC (1994) recommendations], and dietary lysine level [LYS; 105 vs. 120% of NRC (1994) recommendations], and their interactions on feed intake, BW gain, feed:gain ratio, and carcass yields of male turkeys were studied from 29 to 140 d of age. The experiment was designed as a split plot, including T as the main plot and E and LYS as the subplot, with 60 pens containing 10 male turkeys each. Overall, feed intake, BW gain, and feed:gain ratio were significantly lower at high compared with low T. Feed intake decreased linearly as E increased and was more pronounced at low compared with high T. Metabolizable energy intake increased more at high compared with low T as E increased. Turkeys that were fed the highest E gained less weight until 84 d of age than those fed the lowest E. Dietary lysine was not the limiting amino acid because birds showed no response to extra lysine. Feed:gain decreased linearly as E level increased. Until 84 d of age, feed:gain decreased more at low compared with high T as E level increased. Breast meat yields were lower, and thigh, drum, and wing yields were higher at high than at low T. The highest E resulted in lower cold carcass yields, and breast meat yields, and higher thigh and drum yields than the lowest E. Dietary lysine level did not affect carcass yield. The results imply that when dietary lysine levels are adequate, dietary energy may be increased above NRC (1994) to improve feed efficiency, but some of the limiting amino acids after lysine may be increased in high-density diets to optimize breast meat yield. Particularly at high temperature in the period after 16 wk of age, dietary energy contents may be increased to at least 110% of NRC (1994) because turkeys will need more energy to dissipate heat.

ACS Style

T. Veldkamp; R. P. Kwakkel; P. R. Ferket; M. W. A. Verstegen. Growth responses to dietary energy and lysine at high and low ambient temperature in male turkeys. Poultry Science 2005, 84, 273 -282.

AMA Style

T. Veldkamp, R. P. Kwakkel, P. R. Ferket, M. W. A. Verstegen. Growth responses to dietary energy and lysine at high and low ambient temperature in male turkeys. Poultry Science. 2005; 84 (2):273-282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Veldkamp; R. P. Kwakkel; P. R. Ferket; M. W. A. Verstegen. 2005. "Growth responses to dietary energy and lysine at high and low ambient temperature in male turkeys." Poultry Science 84, no. 2: 273-282.