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An extensive amount of work has focused on investigating the effects of seawater as mixing water on the mechanical properties and durability issues of cement pastes/mortars/concrete especially with steel rebars. However, limited information was available for the effects of seawater on the microstructural properties and compositions of blended cement systems. Sewage sludge ash has been widely studied as a supplementary cementitious material to manage wastes more sustainably and to relieve the environmental burden. Therefore, this paper investigated the mechanical properties as well as the microstructural findings of the lime-sewage sludge ash binder under the effects of the most dominant ion (i.e. Cl−) in seawater by mixing with NaCl and MgCl2 (major salts of seawater) solution respectively. The results reveal that as compared to the control, acceleration effects were remarkable in the NaCl mix and the total amount of heat evolved was increased by mixing with both single salts. The use of the concerned sea salts accelerated the setting and increased the compressive strength until curing for 28 days. But for the mix prepared with MgCl2, its strength was still significantly improved at 60 days. The formation of Friedel's salt in the mix prepared with NaCl was evidenced by X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetry mainly due to the highest concentration of Cl− in NaCl. Also, the average pore diameter was decreased, and the finer fraction of pores was increased after the addition of NaCl and MgCl2, explaining their high strengths.
Yifan Zhou; Jianxin Lu; Jiangshan Li; Chris Cheeseman; Chi Sun Poon. Effect of NaCl and MgCl2 on the hydration of lime-pozzolan blend by recycling sewage sludge ash. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 313, 127759 .
AMA StyleYifan Zhou, Jianxin Lu, Jiangshan Li, Chris Cheeseman, Chi Sun Poon. Effect of NaCl and MgCl2 on the hydration of lime-pozzolan blend by recycling sewage sludge ash. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 313 ():127759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYifan Zhou; Jianxin Lu; Jiangshan Li; Chris Cheeseman; Chi Sun Poon. 2021. "Effect of NaCl and MgCl2 on the hydration of lime-pozzolan blend by recycling sewage sludge ash." Journal of Cleaner Production 313, no. : 127759.
To date, the effects of seawater have seldomly been investigated on the hydration of lime-pozzolan system. Also, to explore the feasibility of using lime-incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA)/coal fly ash (FA) as a binder for the stabilisation/solidification (S/S) of marine sediments, hydration kinetics, mechanical strength development and microstructural characteristics of lime-ISSA/FA binder hydrated using seawater are discussed in this study. The results showed that seawater initially accelerates the hydration of lime-ISSA but not the lime-FA system. The early-age and long-term compressive strength of both lime-ISSA and lime-FA system with seawater mixing was effectively increased compared to hydration using normal freshwater. Calcium phosphate hydrate and Friedel's salt was formed in the lime-ISSA system and this contributes to forming a dense microstructure. Pastes hydrated with seawater also exhibited fine porosity compared to samples hydrated using freshwater and this also contributes to improved mechanical properties. Such a type of green binder without using Portland cement would be beneficial in waste materials (i.e. ISSA and FA) upcycling and this work was expected to guide the future works on employing the lime-ISSA/FA binder on S/S of marine sediments.
Yi-Fan Zhou; Jian-Xin Lu; Jiang-Shan Li; Chris Cheeseman; Chi Sun Poon. Hydration, mechanical properties and microstructure of lime-pozzolana pastes by recycling waste sludge ash under marine environment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 310, 127441 .
AMA StyleYi-Fan Zhou, Jian-Xin Lu, Jiang-Shan Li, Chris Cheeseman, Chi Sun Poon. Hydration, mechanical properties and microstructure of lime-pozzolana pastes by recycling waste sludge ash under marine environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 310 ():127441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi-Fan Zhou; Jian-Xin Lu; Jiang-Shan Li; Chris Cheeseman; Chi Sun Poon. 2021. "Hydration, mechanical properties and microstructure of lime-pozzolana pastes by recycling waste sludge ash under marine environment." Journal of Cleaner Production 310, no. : 127441.
The durability of superhydrophobic surfaces in fully immersed conditions is a major obstacle to their application in engineering applications. We perform an experimental study to measure the friction factor fd as a function of time for a new superhydrophobic surface that is capable of recovering the Cassie-Baxter wetting state. Values of fd were obtained by measuring the pressure drop and volume flux of a turbulent water flow in a 1.5 m long duct containing one superhydrophobic wall. The Reynolds number of the flow was approximately 4.5×104 for all experiments. Reductions in fd were 29%–36% relative to a hydraulically smooth surface. The Cassie-Baxter state could be recovered by blowing air through the porous surface for 10 min. The durability of the drag-reduction, as quantified by the relaxation time T in which the surface loses its superhydrophobic characteristics, were measured to be between 10 and 60 min depending on the initial head. The relaxation time T was highly dependent on the pressure difference across the surface. In contrast to models based on Darcy flow through a porous medium, the study indicates that there seems to be a critical pressure difference beyond which the Cassie-Baxter state cannot be sustained for the material under consideration.
Liliane C. C. Auwerter; Christopher Cheeseman; Michael R. Templeton; Maarten Van Reeuwijk. Quantifying the Durability of a Friction-Reducing Surface with Recoverable Superhydrophobicity. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2021, 147, 04021006 .
AMA StyleLiliane C. C. Auwerter, Christopher Cheeseman, Michael R. Templeton, Maarten Van Reeuwijk. Quantifying the Durability of a Friction-Reducing Surface with Recoverable Superhydrophobicity. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2021; 147 (4):04021006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiliane C. C. Auwerter; Christopher Cheeseman; Michael R. Templeton; Maarten Van Reeuwijk. 2021. "Quantifying the Durability of a Friction-Reducing Surface with Recoverable Superhydrophobicity." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 147, no. 4: 04021006.
This research has produced foamed glass-ceramics from coal fired power station furnace bottom ash (FBA) and soda-lime-silica glass. The as-received FBA was wet milled with different additions of glass. The resultant slurry was dried and formed into a powder. The powder was pressed and sintered at a range of temperatures with additions of a fluxing agent (sodium tetraborate decahydrate), a bubble stabilising additive (tri-sodium phosphate) and a bloating agent (calcium carbonate) and this produced foamed FBA-glass-ceramics. The effect of glass content and sintering temperature on the properties of the sintered ceramic foams are reported. A range of potential applications including thermal insulation and biological filters for water and wastewater treatment are discussed. The research demonstrates that it is possible to engineer the properties of FBA derived glass-ceramic foams by careful control of the composition and processing conditions in order to transform a problematic waste into commercially interesting materials.
Marcus H.N. Yio; Yue Xiao; Ru Ji; Mark Russell; Christopher Cheeseman. Production of foamed glass-ceramics using furnace bottom ash and glass. Ceramics International 2020, 47, 8697 -8706.
AMA StyleMarcus H.N. Yio, Yue Xiao, Ru Ji, Mark Russell, Christopher Cheeseman. Production of foamed glass-ceramics using furnace bottom ash and glass. Ceramics International. 2020; 47 (6):8697-8706.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcus H.N. Yio; Yue Xiao; Ru Ji; Mark Russell; Christopher Cheeseman. 2020. "Production of foamed glass-ceramics using furnace bottom ash and glass." Ceramics International 47, no. 6: 8697-8706.
Poultry feathers are low cost, abundant bio-derived materials that are often regarded as waste. In this work, we reported a simple method akin to papermaking to upcycle whole poultry feather waste into non-woven whole feather preforms. This was achieved by utilizing (nano)cellulose fibers, namely wood pulp and nanocellulose, as the binder. It was found that the hornification between adjacent (nano)cellulose fibers trapped and held the whole poultry feathers together, producing a rigid and robust non-woven whole feather preform. The resulting non-woven whole feather preform containing nanocellulose was found to perform better mechanically, with a tensile strength of up to 1.6 kN m-1 (at 20 wt.-% nanocellulose content), compared to feather preforms containing wood pulp. Feather gelatin composites containing 23 wt.-% and 47 wt.-% non-woven whole feather preform loading were also successfully manufactured. The resulting composites possessed a tensile modulus and strength up to 2.1 GPa and 18 MPa, respectively. This work also shows that the feather gelatin composites could be easily deconstructed in hot water. The produced non-woven whole feather preforms, as well as their feather gelatin composites could serve as a sustainable alternative for various semi-structural application, in line with the concept of circular bioeconomy.
Victoria Vilchez; Elena Dieckmann; Tekla Tammelin; Christopher Cheeseman; Koon-Yang Lee. Upcycling Poultry Feathers with (Nano)cellulose: Sustainable Composites Derived from Nonwoven Whole Feather Preforms. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2020, 8, 14263 -14267.
AMA StyleVictoria Vilchez, Elena Dieckmann, Tekla Tammelin, Christopher Cheeseman, Koon-Yang Lee. Upcycling Poultry Feathers with (Nano)cellulose: Sustainable Composites Derived from Nonwoven Whole Feather Preforms. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2020; 8 (38):14263-14267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictoria Vilchez; Elena Dieckmann; Tekla Tammelin; Christopher Cheeseman; Koon-Yang Lee. 2020. "Upcycling Poultry Feathers with (Nano)cellulose: Sustainable Composites Derived from Nonwoven Whole Feather Preforms." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8, no. 38: 14263-14267.
Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH) whiskers are used to reinforce magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) cement mortars as novel microfibrous materials because of their similar pH. The microstructure, mechanical performance, and reinforcement mechanism were investigated, and the results showed that the addition of between 1 and 5 wt% MHSH whiskers improved the compressive and flexural strengths of M-S-H cement mortars. The optimal compressive and flexural strengths were obtained at MHSH whisker contents between 3 and 4 wt%. The MHSH whiskers had a limited effect on the toughness of M-S-H cement, and mortars reinforced with MHSH whiskers exhibited brittle failure due to the small size of MHSH whiskers and low fiber bridging traction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microscale reinforcement mechanism of MHSH whiskers involved whisker pullout, crack deflection, whisker-cement coalition pullout, and whisker fracture. These mechanisms helped dissipate energy and optimize the stress distribution and transfer, which were crucial to improving the flexural strength. The SEM images revealed the rough and grooved surfaces of MHSH whiskers, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of polar functional groups on the surface which resulted in the adhesion of M-S-H gel on MHSH whiskers due to good interfacial bonding. The mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results indicated that the addition of MHSH whiskers reduced the porosity of M-S-H cement mortars, which also contributed to the increased compressive strength.
Tingting Zhang; Tong Li; Ziyu Zhou; Min Li; Yuan Jia; Christopher Cheeseman. A novel magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate whisker-reinforced magnesium silicate hydrate composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2020, 198, 108203 .
AMA StyleTingting Zhang, Tong Li, Ziyu Zhou, Min Li, Yuan Jia, Christopher Cheeseman. A novel magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate whisker-reinforced magnesium silicate hydrate composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2020; 198 ():108203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTingting Zhang; Tong Li; Ziyu Zhou; Min Li; Yuan Jia; Christopher Cheeseman. 2020. "A novel magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate whisker-reinforced magnesium silicate hydrate composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 198, no. : 108203.
This work provides a comprehensive review of research on the cold-bonding pelletization process used to produce lightweight aggregates (LWAs) using waste materials, to valorize the waste and, at the same time, minimize risks related to disposal. Research investigating various aspects of the cold-bonding process highlight: i) feasible mix-designs for pellet production; ii) the most relevant operating parameters affecting the process; and iii) the potential applications of the LWAs produced. The analysis gives a wide overview of the fundamental key-points that control the cold-bonding process. Data comparison provides a useful way to identify the optimal process conditions to allow development of optimum products. This involves the selection of the correct mix-design, including suitable binders and potential additives, and the selection of appropriate operating conditions, which are a function of the waste investigated, and/or waste mix characteristics. The review proposes an optimized approach to experimental studies on cold-bonding processes that has potential to enhance future process performance. Moreover, the present work provides a complete framework useful for decision-making for both manufacturers and researchers working to use this promising technique.
Alberto Ferraro; Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marco Race; Raffaele Cioffi; Christopher Cheeseman; Massimiliano Fabbricino. Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2020, 51, 2197 -2231.
AMA StyleAlberto Ferraro, Francesco Colangelo, Ilenia Farina, Marco Race, Raffaele Cioffi, Christopher Cheeseman, Massimiliano Fabbricino. Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2020; 51 (19):2197-2231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Ferraro; Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marco Race; Raffaele Cioffi; Christopher Cheeseman; Massimiliano Fabbricino. 2020. "Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 51, no. 19: 2197-2231.
Poultry has become the primary source of dietary protein consumed globally and as a result the by-product feathers are an increasingly problematic industrial waste. Developing a circular economy for feathers is, therefore, an important research area that provides an opportunity to make use of the unique combination of properties of this abundant natural material. This paper reports on the thermal properties of novel feather-based thermal insulation materials. Waste feathers were collected, cleaned and processed into fibres, which were then used to form air-laid nonwoven materials. These have a high fibre content and exploit the excellent natural thermal insulation properties of feathers. The performance of the novel materials developed are tested in order to outline the influence of temperature and density on thermal conductivity and dynamic water sorption. Results are compared to a range of commercially available thermal insulation materials for buildings manufactured from denim, hemp, sheep wool, PET and mineral wool. It was found that air laid feather-fibre fabrics have comparable performance to other fibrous materials and have a thermal conductivity of 0.033 W/(m K) for samples with a density of 59 kg/m3. This is due to the low thermal conductivity of feather fibres and the void structure formed by air-laid processing that effectively traps air. These materials additionally offer improved sustainability credentials as they are derived from a readily available waste that is generally considered to be unavoidable. The paper concludes by highlighting the significant technical and commercial barriers that exist to using waste feathers in thermal insulation products and suggests areas for further research that can exploit the unique properties of feathers. Graphical Abstract
Elena Dieckmann; Richard Onsiong; Balázs Nagy; Leila Sheldrick; Christopher Cheeseman. Valorization of Waste Feathers in the Production of New Thermal Insulation Materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2020, 12, 1119 -1131.
AMA StyleElena Dieckmann, Richard Onsiong, Balázs Nagy, Leila Sheldrick, Christopher Cheeseman. Valorization of Waste Feathers in the Production of New Thermal Insulation Materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2020; 12 (2):1119-1131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Dieckmann; Richard Onsiong; Balázs Nagy; Leila Sheldrick; Christopher Cheeseman. 2020. "Valorization of Waste Feathers in the Production of New Thermal Insulation Materials." Waste and Biomass Valorization 12, no. 2: 1119-1131.
This research aimed to develop a simple but robust method to identify the key barriers to the transition from a linear to a circular economy (CE) for end of life products or material. Nine top-tier barrier categories have been identified that influence this transition. These relate to the basic material properties and product characteristics, the availability of suitable processing technology, the environmental impacts associated with current linear management, the organizational context, industry and supply chain issues, external drivers, public perception, the regulatory framework and the overall economic viability of the transition. The method provides a novel and rapid way to identify and quantitatively assess the barriers to the development of CE products. This allows mitigation steps to be developed in parallel with new product design. The method has been used to assess the potential barriers to developing a circular economy for waste feathers generated by the UK poultry industry. This showed that transitioning UK waste feathers to circularity faces significant barriers across numerous categories and is not currently economically viable. The assessment method developed provides a novel approach to identifying barriers to circularity and has potential to be applied to a wide range of end of life materials and products.
Elena Dieckmann; Leila Sheldrick; Mike Tennant; Rupert Myers; Christopher Cheeseman. Analysis of Barriers to Transitioning from a Linear to a Circular Economy for End of Life Materials: A Case Study for Waste Feathers. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1725 .
AMA StyleElena Dieckmann, Leila Sheldrick, Mike Tennant, Rupert Myers, Christopher Cheeseman. Analysis of Barriers to Transitioning from a Linear to a Circular Economy for End of Life Materials: A Case Study for Waste Feathers. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Dieckmann; Leila Sheldrick; Mike Tennant; Rupert Myers; Christopher Cheeseman. 2020. "Analysis of Barriers to Transitioning from a Linear to a Circular Economy for End of Life Materials: A Case Study for Waste Feathers." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1725.
Thermal insulation materials typically used in low-temperature applications such as pipelines for transporting liquid natural gas can become brittle and are therefore susceptible to impact damage. New feather-fibre biomaterials developed in this work have extremely low thermal conductivity but retain high impact resistance at low-temperatures. The experiments reported demonstrate the improved impact resistance of feather fibre biomaterials compared to foamed nitrile rubber. The microstructural characteristics of feather-fibre biomaterials that allow them to be used as impact resistant thermal insulation at low-temperatures are discussed.
Yuanxiang Zhao; Elena Dieckmann; Christopher Cheeseman. Low-temperature thermal insulation materials with high impact resistance made from feather-fibres. Materials Letters: X 2020, 6, 100039 .
AMA StyleYuanxiang Zhao, Elena Dieckmann, Christopher Cheeseman. Low-temperature thermal insulation materials with high impact resistance made from feather-fibres. Materials Letters: X. 2020; 6 ():100039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanxiang Zhao; Elena Dieckmann; Christopher Cheeseman. 2020. "Low-temperature thermal insulation materials with high impact resistance made from feather-fibres." Materials Letters: X 6, no. : 100039.
The radionuclide cesium (Cs) was solidified using magnesium silicate hydrate (M–S–H) cement. The influence of Cs+ on the reaction of the M–S–H gel system was evaluated by measuring the compressive strength and microscopic properties of the solidified body. By testing the impact resistance, leaching resistance and freeze–thaw resistance of the solidified body, the immobilizing ability of Cs+ by the M–S–H cement was analyzed. Results indicate that Cs+ only slightly affects the reaction process of the M–S–H gel system, and only slows down the transformation rate of Mg(OH)2 into the M–S–H gel to a certain extent. The M–S–H cement exhibits superior performance in solidifying Cs+. Both the leaching rate and cumulative leach fraction at 42 d were considerably lower than the national requirements and better than the ordinary Portland cement-solidified body. The curing effect of the M–S–H cement on Cs+ is mainly physical encapsulation and chemisorption of hydration products.
Tingting Zhang; Tong Li; Jing Zou; Yimiao Li; Shiwei Zhi; Yuan Jia; Christopher R. Cheeseman. Immobilization of Radionuclide 133Cs by Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Cement. Materials 2019, 13, 146 .
AMA StyleTingting Zhang, Tong Li, Jing Zou, Yimiao Li, Shiwei Zhi, Yuan Jia, Christopher R. Cheeseman. Immobilization of Radionuclide 133Cs by Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Cement. Materials. 2019; 13 (1):146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTingting Zhang; Tong Li; Jing Zou; Yimiao Li; Shiwei Zhi; Yuan Jia; Christopher R. Cheeseman. 2019. "Immobilization of Radionuclide 133Cs by Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Cement." Materials 13, no. 1: 146.
Elena Dieckmann; Balázs Nagy; Kika Yiakoumetti; Leila Sheldrick; Christopher Cheeseman. Thermal insulation packaging for cold-chain deliveries made from feathers. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 2019, 21, 1 .
AMA StyleElena Dieckmann, Balázs Nagy, Kika Yiakoumetti, Leila Sheldrick, Christopher Cheeseman. Thermal insulation packaging for cold-chain deliveries made from feathers. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 2019; 21 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Dieckmann; Balázs Nagy; Kika Yiakoumetti; Leila Sheldrick; Christopher Cheeseman. 2019. "Thermal insulation packaging for cold-chain deliveries made from feathers." Food Packaging and Shelf Life 21, no. : 1.
Novel ceramic foams have been prepared by high temperature sintering of waste mineral wool and waste glass using SiC as a foaming agent. The aim of the research was to understand the effects of composition and sintering conditions on the properties and microstructure and produce commercially exploitable ceramic foams. Optimum ceramic foams were formed from 40 wt% mineral wool waste and 2 wt% SiC, sintered at 1170 °C using a heating rate of 20 °C/min with a 20 min hold at peak temperature. The ceramic foams produced had a bulk density of 0.71 g/cm3 and a uniform pore size distribution. The research shows that ceramic foams can be formed from waste mineral wool and these can be used for thermal insulation with associated economic and environmental benefits.
Ziwei Chen; Hao Wang; Ru Ji; Lili Liu; Christopher Cheeseman; Xidong Wang. Reuse of mineral wool waste and recycled glass in ceramic foams. Ceramics International 2019, 45, 15057 -15064.
AMA StyleZiwei Chen, Hao Wang, Ru Ji, Lili Liu, Christopher Cheeseman, Xidong Wang. Reuse of mineral wool waste and recycled glass in ceramic foams. Ceramics International. 2019; 45 (12):15057-15064.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiwei Chen; Hao Wang; Ru Ji; Lili Liu; Christopher Cheeseman; Xidong Wang. 2019. "Reuse of mineral wool waste and recycled glass in ceramic foams." Ceramics International 45, no. 12: 15057-15064.
Magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement is featured with high early strength, low thermal conductivity and low density, but is not widely applied in construction engineering due to its poor water resistance capability. This research has studied the effect of phosphoric acid and tartaric acid additions on the water resistance of MOC cement pastes, in which also reports the effects on setting time, hydration reactions, compressive strength, phase composition, thermal stability and microstructure. 1 wt% of phosphoric acid and tartaric acid additions can improve the water resistance and reduce thermal stability of MOC cement pastes, which is associated with formation of gel-like 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O. Moreover, these additions reduce the compressive strength and prolong the setting time of MOC cement pastes, as well as increase the total porosity, the volume fraction of gel pores (100 nm), however, decrease the volume fraction of small capillary pores (10–100 nm) of MOC cement pastes. These effects are caused by both additives but are most pronounced for MOC cement pastes containing phosphoric acid. In addition, 2Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·2H2O is a transitional phase in the formative stage of 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O in MOC cement.
Xiaoyang Chen; Tingting Zhang; Wanli Bi; Christopher Cheeseman. Effect of tartaric acid and phosphoric acid on the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 213, 528 -536.
AMA StyleXiaoyang Chen, Tingting Zhang, Wanli Bi, Christopher Cheeseman. Effect of tartaric acid and phosphoric acid on the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 213 ():528-536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoyang Chen; Tingting Zhang; Wanli Bi; Christopher Cheeseman. 2019. "Effect of tartaric acid and phosphoric acid on the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement." Construction and Building Materials 213, no. : 528-536.
Feathers from poultry are an abundant, globally available waste. The current beneficial reuse for feathers involves autoclaving them to produce feather meal, an animal feed with low economic value. This paper reports on the production and performance of new feather-derived materials. These have potential to provide a higher value application for waste feathers. Feather fibres, cotton fibres and polyethylene/polypropylene bi-component fibres (blended 55:20:25 by weight) have been air-laid to form 20 mm thick non-woven pre-forms with a density of 0.14 g cm−2. These were then hot pressed to produce materials with significantly higher density and improved properties. Optimum materials were formed by hot pressing between 150 and 160 °C at 6 MPa for 1 min. Lower temperatures resulted in poor fibre bonding and fibre pull-out during fracture. Higher temperatures caused thermal degradation of the feather fibres. The optimum feather fibre boards with a density of 0.77 g/cm3, corresponding to 31.3% porosity, had tensile strengths of 17.9 MPa a tensile modulus of 1.74 GPa and an elongation at fracture of 5.9%. These samples exhibited fibre fracture during tensile testing. Feather fibre boards have similar tensile strength, density and Young's modulus to particleboard, organic resin particleboard and flake board. Quantitative estimates of the economic and environmental benefits from using feather fibres to form feather fibre boards are discussed. The research advances sustainability by providing a new potential circular economy outlet for waste feathers and is part of on-going research to develop novel applications that exploit the unique properties of feathers.
Elena Dieckmann; Kosta Eleftheriou; Thibault Audic; Koon-Yang Lee; Leila Sheldrick; Christopher Cheeseman. New sustainable materials from waste feathers: Properties of hot-pressed feather/cotton/bi-component fibre boards. Sustainable Materials and Technologies 2019, 20, e00107 .
AMA StyleElena Dieckmann, Kosta Eleftheriou, Thibault Audic, Koon-Yang Lee, Leila Sheldrick, Christopher Cheeseman. New sustainable materials from waste feathers: Properties of hot-pressed feather/cotton/bi-component fibre boards. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2019; 20 ():e00107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Dieckmann; Kosta Eleftheriou; Thibault Audic; Koon-Yang Lee; Leila Sheldrick; Christopher Cheeseman. 2019. "New sustainable materials from waste feathers: Properties of hot-pressed feather/cotton/bi-component fibre boards." Sustainable Materials and Technologies 20, no. : e00107.
Porous glass tiles have been reacted with a low-surface energy coating to produce hydrophobic surfaces. Washing the surface with surfactant reduces hydrophobicity and the wetting state changes from Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel. Passing air through the porous glass when it is immersed in water causes a solid-gas-liquid interface to form and this is associated with recovery of hydrophobicity. The processing and microstructural characteristics of the porous glass that show this effect are reported. Potential applications include low-friction pipes, where maintaining the Cassie-Baxter state at the water-pipe interface would significantly reduce the energy required to transport water.
Liliane Auwerter; Michael R. Templeton; Maarten Van Reeuwijk; Oluwadamilola O. Taiwo; Christopher Cheeseman. Development of porous glass surfaces with recoverable hydrophobicity. Materials Letters: X 2019, 1, 100002 .
AMA StyleLiliane Auwerter, Michael R. Templeton, Maarten Van Reeuwijk, Oluwadamilola O. Taiwo, Christopher Cheeseman. Development of porous glass surfaces with recoverable hydrophobicity. Materials Letters: X. 2019; 1 ():100002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiliane Auwerter; Michael R. Templeton; Maarten Van Reeuwijk; Oluwadamilola O. Taiwo; Christopher Cheeseman. 2019. "Development of porous glass surfaces with recoverable hydrophobicity." Materials Letters: X 1, no. : 100002.
Chistopher Cheeseman. Innovation in sustainable construction materials and the circular economy. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleChistopher Cheeseman. Innovation in sustainable construction materials and the circular economy. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChistopher Cheeseman. 2019. "Innovation in sustainable construction materials and the circular economy." , no. : 1.
This research investigated the technical feasibility of transforming waste drill cuttings into lightweight aggregate. Drill cuttings produced from the North Sea oil field were dried, ball milled, formed into pellets and fired at temperatures between 1160 and 1190 °C. Physical properties of the manufactured lightweight aggregate, including particle density, water absorption and compressive strength, were determined. The drill cuttings had a typical evaporite composition containing high concentrations of chloride salts. This limits the potential for using the as-received drill cutting samples in lightweight aggregate production as the products formed show high levels of leaching. The addition of a washing pre-treatment to reduce the leaching of chloride ions was necessary. Washing also reduced the initial sintering temperature and improved lightweight aggregate properties. Sintering at 1180 °C produced lightweight aggregate with particle density of 1.29 g/cm³, water absorption of 3.6% and compressive strengths of 4.4 MPa. The research showed that lightweight aggregate manufacturing represents a resource efficient option for the reuse of waste drill cuttings and provides significant material saving and landfill diversion.
Bamdad Ayati; Chloe Molineux; Darryl Newport; Christopher Cheeseman. Manufacture and performance of lightweight aggregate from waste drill cuttings. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 208, 252 -260.
AMA StyleBamdad Ayati, Chloe Molineux, Darryl Newport, Christopher Cheeseman. Manufacture and performance of lightweight aggregate from waste drill cuttings. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 208 ():252-260.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBamdad Ayati; Chloe Molineux; Darryl Newport; Christopher Cheeseman. 2018. "Manufacture and performance of lightweight aggregate from waste drill cuttings." Journal of Cleaner Production 208, no. : 252-260.
Gold mining produces hazardous tailings wastes with elevated sulfur content and high levels of heavy metals including oxyanion elements such as V and As. This research investigated activation of these tailings with calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate as a way to stabilize the material and limit leaching of harmful components. The effects of thermal treatment on the reactivity of the tailings and the use of different activating solutions on the physical properties, microstructure and leaching of harmful components are reported. The effect of adding ground granulated blast furnace slag to the tailings is also assessed. The use of 5 wt % Ca(OH)2 activating solution produces optimum performance increasing the immobilization efficiency of sulfates, arsenic and the other harmful elements. Heat-treating mine tailings at 900 °C slightly improves the reactivity but did not improved the immobilization efficiency. Microstructural analysis by TEM and XRD confirmed that stabilization is based on calcium sulfate and/or ettringite formation during alkali-activation. All materials achieved reasonable compressive strength after 28 days of curing and the potential for using alkali activation as a method to treat tailings from mining is discussed.
Jenni Kiventerä; Harisankar Sreenivasan; Christopher Cheeseman; Paivo Kinnunen; Mirja Illikainen. Immobilization of sulfates and heavy metals in gold mine tailings by sodium silicate and hydrated lime. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2018, 6, 6530 -6536.
AMA StyleJenni Kiventerä, Harisankar Sreenivasan, Christopher Cheeseman, Paivo Kinnunen, Mirja Illikainen. Immobilization of sulfates and heavy metals in gold mine tailings by sodium silicate and hydrated lime. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2018; 6 (5):6530-6536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJenni Kiventerä; Harisankar Sreenivasan; Christopher Cheeseman; Paivo Kinnunen; Mirja Illikainen. 2018. "Immobilization of sulfates and heavy metals in gold mine tailings by sodium silicate and hydrated lime." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 5: 6530-6536.
In many developing countries low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets, bags and water sachets are a major waste problem because local collection and recycling systems do not exist. As a result, LDPE has no value and is dumped causing aesthetic, environmental and public health issues. A relatively simple technology has been developed in the Cameroon that produces LDPE-bonded sand blocks and pavers. The application of this technology is an example of a community-driven waste management initiative that has potential to impact on the global plastics waste crisis because it can transform waste LDPE and other readily available types of plastics into a valuable local resource. In this research, waste LDPE water sachets have been melted and mixed with sand to form LDPE-bonded sand blocks. The effect of sand particle size and sand to plastic ratio on density, the compressive strength and water adsorption are reported. Optimum samples have been further characterised for flexural strength and thermal conductivity. LDPE-bonded sand is a strong, tough material with compressive strengths up to ∼27 MPa when produced under optimum processing conditions. The density and compressive strength increase as the particle size of the sand decreases. The potential for using this simple technology and the materials it produces to transform LDPE plastic waste management in developing countries is discussed.
Alexander Kumi-Larbi; Danladi Yunana; Pierre Kamsouloum; Mike Webster; David Wilson; Christopher Cheeseman. Recycling waste plastics in developing countries: Use of low-density polyethylene water sachets to form plastic bonded sand blocks. Waste Management 2018, 80, 112 -118.
AMA StyleAlexander Kumi-Larbi, Danladi Yunana, Pierre Kamsouloum, Mike Webster, David Wilson, Christopher Cheeseman. Recycling waste plastics in developing countries: Use of low-density polyethylene water sachets to form plastic bonded sand blocks. Waste Management. 2018; 80 ():112-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Kumi-Larbi; Danladi Yunana; Pierre Kamsouloum; Mike Webster; David Wilson; Christopher Cheeseman. 2018. "Recycling waste plastics in developing countries: Use of low-density polyethylene water sachets to form plastic bonded sand blocks." Waste Management 80, no. : 112-118.