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The COVID-19 outbreak has suddenly changed the landscape of education worldwide. Many governments have moved education completely online, with the idea that although schools are shut, classes can continue; however, the question regarding whether teachers are prepared for this massive shift in educational practice remains unanswered. This study addresses this issue through the lens of teachers’ technology, learners, pedagogy, academic discipline content, and content knowledge (TLPACK). Two groups of 250 teachers (n = 500) who teach various levels of students participated in a two-phase survey. The phases of the survey took place in 2017 and 2020 (i.e., before and during the COVID-19 pandemic). Participants answered 38 reliable and valid questions about TLPACK to address three research questions, and the collected data were subjected to frequentist and Bayesian statistical analysis. The analysis indicated that teachers’ TLPACKs were significantly different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study revealed significant correlations among teachers’ TLPACK constructs and found that, among these constructs, the strongest relationship was that between learner knowledge (i.e., knowledge about the learners) and pedagogy knowledge. The study ends by reflecting on our findings’ implications, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have significant altering effects on both education and society at large.
Yen-Jung Chen; Robert Hsu. Understanding the Difference of Teachers’ TLPACK before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Two Groups of Teachers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8827 .
AMA StyleYen-Jung Chen, Robert Hsu. Understanding the Difference of Teachers’ TLPACK before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Two Groups of Teachers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen-Jung Chen; Robert Hsu. 2021. "Understanding the Difference of Teachers’ TLPACK before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Two Groups of Teachers." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8827.
Social distance regulations have been widely adopted during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. From an evolutionary perspective, social connection and money are interchangeable subsistence resources for human survival. The substitutability principle of human motivation posits that scarcity in one domain (e.g., social connection) could motivate people to acquire or maintain resources in another domain (e.g., money). Two experiments were conducted to test the possibility that COVID‐19 social distancing enhances the desire for money. Results showed that compared with controls, participants receiving social distancing primes (via recollection of experiences of social distancing or a Chinese glossary‐search task) offered less money in the dictator game, showed lower willingness towards charitable donation (Experiment 1; N = 102), donated less money to a student fund, and rated money as having more importance (Experiment 2; N = 140). Our findings have far‐reaching implications for financial decisions, charitable donations, and prosociality during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Chun‐Chia Lee; Yen‐Jung Chen; Pai‐Lu Wu; Wen‐Bin Chiou. An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money. British Journal of Psychology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleChun‐Chia Lee, Yen‐Jung Chen, Pai‐Lu Wu, Wen‐Bin Chiou. An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money. British Journal of Psychology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun‐Chia Lee; Yen‐Jung Chen; Pai‐Lu Wu; Wen‐Bin Chiou. 2021. "An unintended consequence of social distance regulations: COVID‐19 social distancing promotes the desire for money." British Journal of Psychology , no. : 1.
Purpose Visual stimulation affects the taste of food and beverages. This study aimed to understand how latte art affects coffee consumption by collecting participants' brainwave data and their taste responses. Design/methodology/approach Seventy subjects participated in a two-stage experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) was employed to measure brainwave activity. With an interval of one week, each stage involved coffee consumption with and without latte art. The responses to the taste of the coffee were also collected for analysis. Findings Significant differences were found in the participants' alpha and beta brainwave bands. When drinking coffee with latte art, the participants' alpha bands were significantly lower, whereas the beta bands were higher. These findings were supported by Bayesian statistics. A significant increase was found in the participants' taste of sweetness and acidity with latte art, and Bayesian statistics confirmed the results for sweetness although the evidence on the increase in acidity was anecdotal. No difference was found in the taste of bitterness. Originality/value This study highlights the effect of latte art on coffee consumption. The authors analysed the empirical evidence from this two-stage experimental study in the form of the participants' brainwave data and their responses to taste. This study's original contribution is that it explored the crossmodal effects of latte art on consumers' taste of coffee from a neuroscientific perspective. The results of this study can provide empirical evidence on how to effectively use latte art in practical business environments.
Liwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. Does coffee taste better with latte art? A neuroscientific perspective. British Food Journal 2021, 123, 1931 -1946.
AMA StyleLiwei Hsu, Yen-Jung Chen. Does coffee taste better with latte art? A neuroscientific perspective. British Food Journal. 2021; 123 (5):1931-1946.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. 2021. "Does coffee taste better with latte art? A neuroscientific perspective." British Food Journal 123, no. 5: 1931-1946.
This study aims to understand how hotel videos embedded with a smiling face emoji as a subliminal message affect consumers’ selection of hotels, with their brain activities measured and collected while they watched the videos. Data was collected from sixteen participants who completed two rounds of experiments. A chi-square test of homogeneity, paired sample t-test, and Bayes factor were performed to address the two proposed research questions. The results of this study reveal that participants’ selection of hotels would be significantly affected by the subliminal stimuli of a smiling face emoji. Meanwhile, neuroscientific data identifies significant differences between participants’ two (theta and beta) out of five bands of brainwaves while they were viewing hotel videos with and without the subliminal message. Suggestions for future studies and practical operations are also discussed.
Liwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. Neuromarketing, Subliminal Advertising, and Hotel Selection: An EEG Study. Australasian Marketing Journal 2020, 28, 200 -208.
AMA StyleLiwei Hsu, Yen-Jung Chen. Neuromarketing, Subliminal Advertising, and Hotel Selection: An EEG Study. Australasian Marketing Journal. 2020; 28 (4):200-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. 2020. "Neuromarketing, Subliminal Advertising, and Hotel Selection: An EEG Study." Australasian Marketing Journal 28, no. 4: 200-208.
Liwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. Examining teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge in the era of cloud pedagogy. South African Journal of Education 2019, 39, 1 -13.
AMA StyleLiwei Hsu, Yen-Jung Chen. Examining teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge in the era of cloud pedagogy. South African Journal of Education. 2019; 39 (S2):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. 2019. "Examining teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge in the era of cloud pedagogy." South African Journal of Education 39, no. S2: 1-13.
Purpose Music has a priming effect on product selection. The purpose of this paper is to extend the current understanding on this issue using an experimental design incorporating behavioural and brainwave data. Design/methodology/approach An experiment with 40 participants was conducted to explore how and why wine tasting preferences would be primed by different genres of musical stimuli. Electroencephalographic measurement was adopted to measure participant brainwave activity in two experiments, each involving two rounds of wine tasting, and the treatment was administered between the two rounds. Findings Significant associations between the musical stimulus genre and participant change in wine selection were found, and the musical stimuli resulted in different brainwave activities because participant β and γ wave activities significantly differed in the first and second wine tasting rounds. Correlational analyses indicated that α, β and γ wave activities generated by the musical stimuli were significantly but negatively correlated with α wave activity. α wave activity in the musical stimulus phases was significantly negatively correlated with β wave activity in the second round of wine tasting, and the other associations were significant and positive. Originality/value This study highlighted the priming effect of musical stimuli in wine tasting. Empirical evidence derived from experimental research was analysed with behavioural and brainwave data. This study’s original contribution is that it explored wine tasting preferences from a neuromarketing perspective. The results of this study can provide empirical evidence on how to effectively use music in marketing strategies.
Liwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. Music and wine tasting: an experimental neuromarketing study. British Food Journal 2019, 122, 2725 -2737.
AMA StyleLiwei Hsu, Yen-Jung Chen. Music and wine tasting: an experimental neuromarketing study. British Food Journal. 2019; 122 (8):2725-2737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. 2019. "Music and wine tasting: an experimental neuromarketing study." British Food Journal 122, no. 8: 2725-2737.
Liwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. Teachers’ Knowledge and Competence in the Digital Age: Descriptive Research within the TPACK Framework. International Journal of Information and Education Technology 2018, 8, 455 -458.
AMA StyleLiwei Hsu, Yen-Jung Chen. Teachers’ Knowledge and Competence in the Digital Age: Descriptive Research within the TPACK Framework. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 2018; 8 (6):455-458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiwei Hsu; Yen-Jung Chen. 2018. "Teachers’ Knowledge and Competence in the Digital Age: Descriptive Research within the TPACK Framework." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 8, no. 6: 455-458.