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In Southern Patagonia, a long-term monitoring network has been established to assess bio-indicators as an early warning of environmental changes due to climate change and human activities. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content in rangelands provides a range of important ecosystem services and supports the capacity of the land to sustain plant and animal productivity. The objectives in this study were to model SOC (30 cm) stocks at a regional scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation variables, and to establish a baseline that can be used as an indicator of rangeland condition. For modelling, we used a stepwise multiple regression to identify variables that explain SOC variation at the landscape scale. With the SOC model, we obtained a SOC map for the entire Santa Cruz province, where the variables derived from the multiple linear regression models were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS). SOC stock to 30 cm ranged from 1.38 to 32.63 kg C m−2. The fitted model explained 76.4% of SOC variation using as independent variables isothermality, precipitation seasonality and vegetation cover expressed as a normalized difference vegetation index. The SOC map discriminated in three categories (low, medium, high) determined patterns among environmental and land use variables. For example, SOC decreased with desertification due to erosion processes. The understanding and mapping of SOC in Patagonia contributes as a bridge across main issues such as climate change, desertification and biodiversity conservation.
Pablo Luis Peri; Yamina Micaela Rosas; Brenton Ladd; Santiago Toledo; Romina Gisele Lasagno; Guillermo José Martínez Pastur. Modelling Soil Carbon Content in South Patagonia and Evaluating Changes According to Climate, Vegetation, Desertification and Grazing. Sustainability 2018, 10, 438 .
AMA StylePablo Luis Peri, Yamina Micaela Rosas, Brenton Ladd, Santiago Toledo, Romina Gisele Lasagno, Guillermo José Martínez Pastur. Modelling Soil Carbon Content in South Patagonia and Evaluating Changes According to Climate, Vegetation, Desertification and Grazing. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):438.
Chicago/Turabian StylePablo Luis Peri; Yamina Micaela Rosas; Brenton Ladd; Santiago Toledo; Romina Gisele Lasagno; Guillermo José Martínez Pastur. 2018. "Modelling Soil Carbon Content in South Patagonia and Evaluating Changes According to Climate, Vegetation, Desertification and Grazing." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 438.
Mientras la mayoría de estudios enfocados en biochar destacan los beneficios de su utilización, solo una cantidad pequeña de investigaciones no han demostrado beneficios económicos considerables que permitan promover su uso ampliamente en la agricultura. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de biochar en diferentes concentraciones con los N-fertilizantes granulares, para demostrar una forma potencialmente rentable para promover su uso extendido por agricultores. El delineamiento experimental fue en bloques completos al azar, con 5 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los tratamientos de fertilidad del suelo se constituyeron: 1) 0 kg Urea 2) 380,5 kg Urea/ha, 3) 285 kg Urea + 95 kg biochar /ha, 4) 190 kg Urea + 190 kg biochar/ha. Cuatro meses después de la aplicación de los tratamientos se cosechó el grano de maíz terminado y se procedió a su secado, para determinar el peso. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron a través de ANOVA y la prueba de Tukeys HSD. Como resultado principal se identificaron efectos considerables del uso de biochar como co-producto con los N-fertilizantes granulares en el cultivo de maíz, obteniendo un aumento en el rendimiento del cultivo y mayor rentabilidad, en comparación con la ausencia de biochar en la fertilización.
Brenton Ladd; Sebastian Dumler; Estefany Loret De Mola; Ruy Anaya De La Rosa; Nils Borchard. INCREMENTO DE RENTABILIDAD EN PRODUCCIÓN DEL MAÍZ EN PERÚ: NFERTILIZANTES Y BIOCHA. The Biologist 2017, 1, 351 -358.
AMA StyleBrenton Ladd, Sebastian Dumler, Estefany Loret De Mola, Ruy Anaya De La Rosa, Nils Borchard. INCREMENTO DE RENTABILIDAD EN PRODUCCIÓN DEL MAÍZ EN PERÚ: NFERTILIZANTES Y BIOCHA. The Biologist. 2017; 1 (2):351-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrenton Ladd; Sebastian Dumler; Estefany Loret De Mola; Ruy Anaya De La Rosa; Nils Borchard. 2017. "INCREMENTO DE RENTABILIDAD EN PRODUCCIÓN DEL MAÍZ EN PERÚ: NFERTILIZANTES Y BIOCHA." The Biologist 1, no. 2: 351-358.
Latin American (LA) megacities are facing enormous challenges to provide welfare to millions of people who live in them. High rates of urbanization and limited administrative capacity of LA cities to plan and control urban growth have led to a critical deficit of urban green space, and therefore, to sub-optimal outcomes in terms of urban sustainability. This study seeks to assess the possibility of using real estate prices to provide an estimate of the monetary value of the ecosystem services provided by urban green space across five Latin American megacities: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City and Santiago de Chile. Using Google Earth images to quantify urban green space and multiple regression analysis, we evaluated the impact of urban green space, crime rates, business density and population density on real estate prices across the five mentioned megacities. In addition, for a subset of the data (Lima and Buenos Aires) we analyzed the effects of landscape ecology variables (green space patch size, connectivity, etc.) on real estate prices to provide a first insight into how the ecological attributes of urban green space can determine the level of ecosystem service provision in different urban contexts in Latin America. The results show a strong positive relationship between the presence of urban green space and real estate prices. Green space explains 52% of the variability in real estate prices across the five studied megacities. Population density, business density and crime had only minor impacts on real estate prices. Our analysis of the landscape ecology variables in Lima and Buenos Aires also show that the relationship between green space and price is context-specific, which indicates that further research is needed to better understand when and where ecological attributes of green space affect real estate prices so that managers of urban green space in LA cities can optimize ecological configuration to maximize ecosystem service provision from often limited green spaces.
Ursula Loret De Mola; Brenton Ladd; Sandra Duarte; Nils Borchard; Ruy Anaya La Rosa; Brian Zutta. On the Use of Hedonic Price Indices to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision from Urban Green Space in Five Latin American Megacities. Forests 2017, 8, 478 .
AMA StyleUrsula Loret De Mola, Brenton Ladd, Sandra Duarte, Nils Borchard, Ruy Anaya La Rosa, Brian Zutta. On the Use of Hedonic Price Indices to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision from Urban Green Space in Five Latin American Megacities. Forests. 2017; 8 (12):478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUrsula Loret De Mola; Brenton Ladd; Sandra Duarte; Nils Borchard; Ruy Anaya La Rosa; Brian Zutta. 2017. "On the Use of Hedonic Price Indices to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision from Urban Green Space in Five Latin American Megacities." Forests 8, no. 12: 478.
Urban ecosystems are carrying an extinction debt. Mitigating this debt will require the development of a predictive framework that improves our understanding of the factors causing decline of native biodiversity in urban areas. I argue that nitrogen is a common currency around which such a predictive framework could be built. I first summarise the evidence that shows the probable extent of nitrogen enrichment in urban ecosystems. I then review the body of empirical evidence that describes how nitrogen enrichment affects ecosystem process and function. By unifying these two bodies of empirical evidence, I generate a series of testable hypotheses that may allow for a better understanding of native biodiversity loss in urban areas.
Brenton Ladd. Nitrogen Pollution and the Meltdown of Urban Ecosystems. Land 2016, 5, 23 .
AMA StyleBrenton Ladd. Nitrogen Pollution and the Meltdown of Urban Ecosystems. Land. 2016; 5 (3):23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrenton Ladd. 2016. "Nitrogen Pollution and the Meltdown of Urban Ecosystems." Land 5, no. 3: 23.
Leaf area index (LAI), a measure of canopy density, is a key variable for modelling and understanding primary productivity, and also water use and energy exchange in forest ecosystems. However, LAI varies considerably with phenology and disturbance patterns, so alternative approaches to quantifying stand‐level processes should be considered. The carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter (δ13CSOM) provides a time‐integrated, productivity‐weighted measure of physiological and stand‐level processes, reflecting biomass deposition from seasonal to decadal time scales. Our primary aim was to explore how well LAI correlates with δ13CSOM across biomes. Using a global data set spanning large environmental gradients in tropical, temperate and boreal forest and woodland, we assess the strength of the correlation between LAI and δ13CSOM; we also assess climatic variables derived from the WorldClim database. We found that LAI was strongly correlated with δ13CSOM, but was also correlated with Mean Temperature of the Wettest Quarter, Mean Precipitation of Warmest Quarter and Annual Solar Radiation across and within biomes. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that δ13CSOM values can provide spatially explicit estimates of leaf area index (LAI) and could therefore serve as a surrogate for productivity and water use. While δ13CSOM has traditionally been used to reconstruct the relative abundance of C3 versus C4 species, the results of this study demonstrate that within stable C3‐ or C4‐dominated biomes, δ13CSOM can provide additional insights. The fact that LAI is strongly correlated to δ13CSOM may allow for a more nuanced interpretation of ecosystem properties of palaeoecosystems based on palaeosol 13C values.
Brenton Ladd; Pablo L. Peri; David Pepper; Lucas Silva; Douglas Sheil; Stephen Bonser; Shawn Laffan; Wulf Amelung; Alf Ekblad; Peter Eliasson; Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde; Sandra Duarte; Michael Bird. Carbon isotopic signatures of soil organic matter correlate with leaf area index across woody biomes. Journal of Ecology 2014, 102, 1606 -1611.
AMA StyleBrenton Ladd, Pablo L. Peri, David Pepper, Lucas Silva, Douglas Sheil, Stephen Bonser, Shawn Laffan, Wulf Amelung, Alf Ekblad, Peter Eliasson, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Sandra Duarte, Michael Bird. Carbon isotopic signatures of soil organic matter correlate with leaf area index across woody biomes. Journal of Ecology. 2014; 102 (6):1606-1611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrenton Ladd; Pablo L. Peri; David Pepper; Lucas Silva; Douglas Sheil; Stephen Bonser; Shawn Laffan; Wulf Amelung; Alf Ekblad; Peter Eliasson; Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde; Sandra Duarte; Michael Bird. 2014. "Carbon isotopic signatures of soil organic matter correlate with leaf area index across woody biomes." Journal of Ecology 102, no. 6: 1606-1611.
Polylepis woodland occurs in Peru’s tropical highlands at elevations between 3,500 and 5,000 m above sea level and Polylepis is the most common tree at timberline in South America. The objective of this study was to assess the total ecosystem carbon stock in a Polylepis incana woodland, i.e., aboveground biomass (canopy trees and understory), root biomass and soil carbon stocks were all quantified. As part of this study, an allometric equation for the quantification of the aboveground biomass of individual P. incana trees was developed for the first time. The most important carbon pool was the soil (39.7 ± 6.9 kg m−2) followed by the aboveground biomass of Polylepis trees (3.8 ± 0.7 kg m−2). The total ecosystem carbon stock was estimated to be 43.9 ± 7.6 kg m−2; thus, 90.6 % of the ecosystem carbon stock is soil carbo
Ekatherina Vasquez; Brenton Ladd; Nils Borchard. Carbon storage in a high-altitude Polylepis woodland in the Peruvian Andes. Alpine Botany 2014, 124, 71 -75.
AMA StyleEkatherina Vasquez, Brenton Ladd, Nils Borchard. Carbon storage in a high-altitude Polylepis woodland in the Peruvian Andes. Alpine Botany. 2014; 124 (1):71-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkatherina Vasquez; Brenton Ladd; Nils Borchard. 2014. "Carbon storage in a high-altitude Polylepis woodland in the Peruvian Andes." Alpine Botany 124, no. 1: 71-75.