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Maria Garza
Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK

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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Food systems are increasingly under threat, with climate, biological, economic or policy shocks and stressors occurring at an increasing frequency and scale. Their complex and fragile nature has become even more apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of news articles published globally between December 2019 and April 2020 was conducted to describe the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the chicken meat system and to identify key vulnerabilities and intervention points to build resilience. Most of the impacts identified were caused by a combination of the different mitigation measures implemented by the system actors such as movement restrictions rather than by the direct effects of the virus, thereby demonstrating the importance of interconnections and coordination in the system. Social media were found to have played a crucial role in amplifying, mitigating or mediating the impact of the pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a holistic approach that integrates the multiple dimensions of food systems for effective responses to systemic shocks.

ACS Style

Lorraine Chapot; Louise Whatford; Polly Compston; Mehroosh Tak; Soledad Cuevas; Maria Garza; Houda Bennani; Hassaan Bin Aslam; Mathew Hennessey; Georgina Limon; Kevin Queenan; Guillaume Fournié; Nikolaos Dadios; Barbara Häsler. A Global Media Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chicken Meat Food Systems: Key Vulnerabilities and Opportunities for Building Resilience. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9435 .

AMA Style

Lorraine Chapot, Louise Whatford, Polly Compston, Mehroosh Tak, Soledad Cuevas, Maria Garza, Houda Bennani, Hassaan Bin Aslam, Mathew Hennessey, Georgina Limon, Kevin Queenan, Guillaume Fournié, Nikolaos Dadios, Barbara Häsler. A Global Media Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chicken Meat Food Systems: Key Vulnerabilities and Opportunities for Building Resilience. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorraine Chapot; Louise Whatford; Polly Compston; Mehroosh Tak; Soledad Cuevas; Maria Garza; Houda Bennani; Hassaan Bin Aslam; Mathew Hennessey; Georgina Limon; Kevin Queenan; Guillaume Fournié; Nikolaos Dadios; Barbara Häsler. 2021. "A Global Media Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chicken Meat Food Systems: Key Vulnerabilities and Opportunities for Building Resilience." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9435.

Original research article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Professionals from seven European countries were interviewed to identify strategies used in the surveillance and control of animal infections to influence behaviors such as program enrollment, adoption of biosecurity measures, and engagement in surveillance. To find strategies that were well-designed from a theoretical perspective, three frameworks from nudge theory were applied to the strategies: the Nuffield ladder to determine the strength of the interventions, EAST to identify attributes of the strategies, and MINDSPACE to identify the psychological mechanisms involved. We found that almost two thirds (91/120) of the strategies were designed in a manner likely to trigger multiple psychological mechanisms, which is in line with the existing recommendations for successful effect, i.e., achieving a desired behavior. This was despite that the design of the strategies was based on professionals' empirical understanding of the requirements to achieve anticipated outcomes rather than the systematic use of methods from the behavioral sciences and psychology. The most commonly used strategy was provision of information, and the least used mechanism was making a desired behavior easy to perform. The findings in this study, with all the examples of strategies used, can serve as inspiration for others. The theoretical frameworks may also be beneficial to apply as a complement in future design of new strategies. This study did not include evaluation of how efficient different strategies have been, which would be an interesting area for future studies.

ACS Style

Maria Garza; Estelle C. C. Ågren; Ann Lindberg. Nudging in Animal Disease Control and Surveillance: A Qualitative Approach to Identify Strategies Used to Improve Compliance With Animal Health Policies. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 383 .

AMA Style

Maria Garza, Estelle C. C. Ågren, Ann Lindberg. Nudging in Animal Disease Control and Surveillance: A Qualitative Approach to Identify Strategies Used to Improve Compliance With Animal Health Policies. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020; 7 ():383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Garza; Estelle C. C. Ågren; Ann Lindberg. 2020. "Nudging in Animal Disease Control and Surveillance: A Qualitative Approach to Identify Strategies Used to Improve Compliance With Animal Health Policies." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, no. : 383.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Aquaculture systems are highly complex, dynamic and interconnected systems influenced by environmental, biological, cultural, socio-economic and human behavioural factors. Intensification of aquaculture production is likely to drive indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat or prevent disease and increase productivity, often to compensate for management and husbandry deficiencies. Surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic usage (ABU) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) is often lacking or absent. Consequently, there are knowledge gaps for the risk of ABR emergence and human exposure to ABR in these systems and the wider environment. The aim of this study was to use a systems-thinking approach to map two aquaculture systems in Vietnam – striped catfish and white-leg shrimp – to identify hotspots for emergence and selection of resistance, and human exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. System mapping was conducted by stakeholders at an interdisciplinary workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam during January 2018, and the maps generated were refined until consensus. Thereafter, literature was reviewed to complement and cross-reference information and to validate the final maps. The maps and component interactions with the environment revealed the grow-out phase, where juveniles are cultured to harvest size, to be a key hotspot for emergence of ABR in both systems due to direct and indirect ABU, exposure to water contaminated with antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and duration of this stage. The pathways for human exposure to antibiotics and ABR were characterised as: occupational (on-farm and at different handling points along the value chain), through consumption (bacterial contamination and residues) and by environmental routes. By using systems thinking and mapping by stakeholders to identify hotspots we demonstrate the applicability of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to characterising ABU in aquaculture. This work provides a foundation to quantify risks at different points, understand interactions between components, and identify stakeholders who can lead and implement change.

ACS Style

Lucy A. Brunton; Andrew P. Desbois; Maria Garza; Barbara Wieland; Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan; Barbara Häsler; Clarence C. Tam; Phuc Nguyen Thien Le; Nguyen Thanh Phuong; Phan Thi Van; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Mahmoud Eltholth; Dang Kim Pham; Phuc Pham Duc; Nguyen Tuong Linh; Karl M. Rich; Ana L.P. Mateus; Ahasanul Hoque; Abdul Ahad; Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan; Alexandra Adams; Javier Guitian. Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 687, 1344 -1356.

AMA Style

Lucy A. Brunton, Andrew P. Desbois, Maria Garza, Barbara Wieland, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan, Barbara Häsler, Clarence C. Tam, Phuc Nguyen Thien Le, Nguyen Thanh Phuong, Phan Thi Van, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Mahmoud Eltholth, Dang Kim Pham, Phuc Pham Duc, Nguyen Tuong Linh, Karl M. Rich, Ana L.P. Mateus, Ahasanul Hoque, Abdul Ahad, Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan, Alexandra Adams, Javier Guitian. Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 687 ():1344-1356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucy A. Brunton; Andrew P. Desbois; Maria Garza; Barbara Wieland; Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan; Barbara Häsler; Clarence C. Tam; Phuc Nguyen Thien Le; Nguyen Thanh Phuong; Phan Thi Van; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Mahmoud Eltholth; Dang Kim Pham; Phuc Pham Duc; Nguyen Tuong Linh; Karl M. Rich; Ana L.P. Mateus; Ahasanul Hoque; Abdul Ahad; Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan; Alexandra Adams; Javier Guitian. 2019. "Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems." Science of The Total Environment 687, no. : 1344-1356.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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The aquaculture sector in Bangladesh is an important employer and a significant source of foreign exchange. In addition, it contributes significantly to food security due to the role of fish in peoples' diets, the most important source of protein and micronutrients. However, infectious diseases represent an important barrier to sector development due to economic losses and vulnerability of smallholders. The aim of this study was to gain an overview of the impact of infectious diseases in the aquaculture sector, and to assess the usefulness and use of impact studies in decision making for animal health management and biosecurity governance in Bangladesh. A review of scientific and grey literature on infectious disease impact in different aquaculture systems was conducted and their methodologies and findings summarised. Subsequently, interviews with 28 stakeholders from the private and public sector were conducted to enquire about decision-making structures in animal health management. The data were analysed using the framework method to allow the development of themes, by using the information, experiences and opinions inductively obtained from interviewees, deductively through the reviewed literature. Results showed a substantial socio-economic impact of infectious diseases. The numerous stakeholders involved in the decision-making process explained that key barriers to effective aquaculture health management were insufficient resources to investigate and tackle infectious aquatic animal diseases, a dearth of legislation and capacity for disease surveillance, a reliance on reactive response, and a lack of impact and evidence-based approaches for prioritising problem-solving, commonly based on anecdotal evidence. Furthermore, communication among the multiple stakeholders involved was reported to be weak. This complex situation requires a multi-level response, which should span from strengthening the knowledge of farmers and professionals in the field to the improvement of surveillance and diagnostic systems. Improved systems along with evidence on disease impact could inform the prioritisation of diseases and resource allocation for disease control in Bangladesh. Further, this evidence needs to be used to advise decisions to have a true value, for which establishing and strengthening communication pathways and processes is critical to make systematic use of the information and improve animal health management. In the light of future threats to Bangladesh such as climate change, increasing population density and demand for animal source foods, it is crucial to strengthen animal health management systems to reduce livelihoods vulnerability, food insecurity and the likelihood of disease emergence.

ACS Style

Maria Garza; Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan; Meezanur Rahman; Barbara Wieland; Barbara Häsler. The role of infectious disease impact in informing decision-making for animal health management in aquaculture systems in Bangladesh. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2019, 167, 202 -213.

AMA Style

Maria Garza, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan, Meezanur Rahman, Barbara Wieland, Barbara Häsler. The role of infectious disease impact in informing decision-making for animal health management in aquaculture systems in Bangladesh. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2019; 167 ():202-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Garza; Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan; Meezanur Rahman; Barbara Wieland; Barbara Häsler. 2019. "The role of infectious disease impact in informing decision-making for animal health management in aquaculture systems in Bangladesh." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 167, no. : 202-213.