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The knowledge about nutrient dynamics in the soil is pivotal for sustainable agriculture. A comprehensive research trial can retort unanswered questions. Dynamics of nutrients sourced from organic amendment types (chicken manure, dairy manure, and MilorganiteTM) applied at different rates (0, 168, 336, 672 kg total N/ha) were monitored within and below the rootzone of collard greens cultivated on a sandy loam soil in Prairie View, TX, USA. Macro- and micronutrients (e.g., TN: total nitrogen, P: phosphorous, K: potassium, Na: sodium, Ca: calcium, Mg: magnesium, B: boron, Cu: copper, Fe: iron, and Zn: zinc) were analyzed from soil solution samples collected during six sampling periods from within and below the rootzone. As hypothesized, the organic amendment types and rates significantly (p< 0.05 and/or 0.01) affected nutrient dynamics within and below the crop rootzone. Chicken manure released significantly more TN, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, and Fe than the other two amendments. The application of chicken manure and MilorganiteTM resulted in higher below-the-rootzone leachate concentration of TN, Na, Mg, and Ca than in the leachates of dairy manure. Dairy manure treatments had the lowest concentrations of TN, Ca, and Mg; whereas, MilorganiteTM had the lowest concentrations of P, K, Na, B, and Cu in the collected leachates. The higher level of P (i.e., 4% in MilorganiteTM as compared to 2 and 0.5% in chicken and dairy manures, respectively, might have reduced the formation of Vesicular-Arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae—a fungus with the ability to dissolve the soil P, resulting in slow release of P from MilorganiteTM treatment than from the other two treatments. Patterns of nutrient dynamics varied with rain and irrigation events under the effects of the soil water and time lapse of the amendment applications’ rates and types. All the macronutrients were present within the rootzone and leached below the rootzone, except Na. The dynamic of nutrients was element-specific and was influenced by the amendments’ type and application rate.
Ripendra Awal; Almoutaz Hassan; Farhat Abbas; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Selamawit Woldesenbet. Patterns of Nutrient Dynamics within and below the Rootzone of Collard Greens Grown under Different Organic Amendment Types and Rates. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6857 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Almoutaz Hassan, Farhat Abbas, Ali Fares, Haimanote Bayabil, Ram Ray, Selamawit Woldesenbet. Patterns of Nutrient Dynamics within and below the Rootzone of Collard Greens Grown under Different Organic Amendment Types and Rates. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Almoutaz Hassan; Farhat Abbas; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Selamawit Woldesenbet. 2021. "Patterns of Nutrient Dynamics within and below the Rootzone of Collard Greens Grown under Different Organic Amendment Types and Rates." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6857.
With an increase in intensity and frequency of extreme precipitations as a result of climate change, it is necessary to develop effective strategies for emergency flood management plan. It is critical to integrate the use of high-resolution hydro-meteorological data (e.g., precipitation) as input for hydrologic modeling to accurately predict and reduce the negative impact of floods. The Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system has been developed by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to produce high-resolution spatio-temporal precipitation data. While the MRMS data are available at relatively high spatial (1 km) and temporal (2 min) resolutions across the continental United States (CONUS), MRMS’s accuracy in measuring actual precipitation needs to be investigated across some urban areas such as Harris County, TX. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to evaluate i) the performance of the MRMS system compared to other precipitation products (rain gauge network, Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE)) at different spatial (5, 10, 15, 30 km) and temporal aggregations (5, 10,15, 30, 60 min) during four major flooding events of May 2015 (Memorial Day flood), April 2016 (Tax Day Flood), August 2017 (Hurricane Harvey), and September 2019 (Tropical Storm Imelda) in Harris County, Texas; and ii) the effects of temporal and spatial aggregation scales on the performance of the MRMS system using a suite of statistical parameters. Point-to-grid comparisons were conducted between 142 rain gauges and MRMS system data during four extreme flood events. Overall, the MRMS system captured precipitation reasonably well with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.78, correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.88, root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.21 mm, critical success index (CSI) of 0.65, probability of detection (POD) of 0.98, and false alarm ratio (FAR) of 0.34 over Harris County at 15 min and 15 km temporal and spatial resolutions. The results indicate that MRMS product tends to underestimate higher precipitation rates and overestimate light precipitation. Coarser temporal resolutions from 5 min to 1 h resolved some of the overestimation issues. Temporal aggregation increased R2, CC, CSI, and error variances and decreased FAR. However, increasing spatial resolution from 1 to 30 km increased R2, CC, and CSI and reduced RMSE and FAR. A comparison of MPE QPE and MRMS products at hourly temporal resolution with gauge observations showed that both products estimate rainfall accurately for the four events. Still, on average, MRMS product has a slightly better agreement with rain gauge observations at 1-hr temporal resolution.
Hamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Marouane Temimi. Performance of Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) product in monitoring precipitation under extreme events in Harris County, Texas. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 598, 126385 .
AMA StyleHamideh Habibi, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Marouane Temimi. Performance of Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) product in monitoring precipitation under extreme events in Harris County, Texas. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 598 ():126385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Marouane Temimi. 2021. "Performance of Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) product in monitoring precipitation under extreme events in Harris County, Texas." Journal of Hydrology 598, no. : 126385.
In the face of climate change, coastal cities in developing countries are increasingly impacted by natural hazards and sea level rise (SLR). This study aims to explore how these cities take action to respond to climate extremes and SLR. A content analysis of climate adaptation planning documents was used in 27 selected coastal cities in developing countries. This study analyzed 587 adaptation measures. Results indicate that flooding, SLR, storm or typhoon, coastal erosion, and drought are among the most impactful natural hazards of the studied cities. Coastal cities use a variety of adaptation measures to respond to impactful risks. Among this, 78% of proposed adaptation measures aim to accommodate, 16% are used for protection, and 6% account for the managed retreat. The most popular adaptation measures in these cities are physical infrastructures and ecosystem-based adaptation measures. Adaptation measures need to encompass a wide range of actions on multiple aspects. It should aim simultaneously to protect and accommodate the living of coastal communities and plan for future climate change or extreme event impacts. The action also needs to pay more attention and resources to implement active retreat policies to reduce the effect in the future. Adaptation measures to current climate variability and future climate change need to be flexible, cost-effective, and broadly applicable alternatives. It is crucial to apply the combination of both hard and soft measures such as physical structures, ecosystem-based adaptation, policies, and regulations to exploit the opportunities and address both short- and long-term impacts.
Tu Dam Ngoc Le; Ripendra Awal. Adaptation to climate extremes and sea level rise in coastal cities of developing countries. Climate Change and Extreme Events 2021, 145 -170.
AMA StyleTu Dam Ngoc Le, Ripendra Awal. Adaptation to climate extremes and sea level rise in coastal cities of developing countries. Climate Change and Extreme Events. 2021; ():145-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTu Dam Ngoc Le; Ripendra Awal. 2021. "Adaptation to climate extremes and sea level rise in coastal cities of developing countries." Climate Change and Extreme Events , no. : 145-170.
This first chapter of the book gives an overview of its content. After a brief introduction, the chapter discusses the three sections' content that makes this book. Section one reports on temperatures and severe convective storms; however, section two of the book comprises two chapters on hydrological responses. These two chapters provide in-depth analyses of the present status and future outlook of the respective topics. The last section of the book deals with mitigation and adaptation measures for climate change. Some of its chapters deal with analyzing the potential impacts of climate change and extreme events on ecosystem responses, lifeline infrastructures, green infrastructure, and sea-level rise. The last two chapters of the book give an overview of governance and climate change policies and extreme events.
Ali Fares; Hamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal. Extreme events and climate change: A multidisciplinary approach. Climate Change and Extreme Events 2021, 1 -7.
AMA StyleAli Fares, Hamideh Habibi, Ripendra Awal. Extreme events and climate change: A multidisciplinary approach. Climate Change and Extreme Events. 2021; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Fares; Hamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal. 2021. "Extreme events and climate change: A multidisciplinary approach." Climate Change and Extreme Events , no. : 1-7.
In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a smart irrigation system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which can be used for automating the irrigation process in agricultural fields. It is expected that this system would create a better opportunity for farmers to irrigate their fields efficiently, as well as eliminating the field's under‐watering, which could stress the plants. The developed system is organized into three parts: sensing side, cloud side, and user side. We used Microsoft Azure IoT Hub as an underlying infrastructure to coordinate the interaction between the three sides. The sensing side uses a Raspberry Pi 3 device, which is a low‐cost, credit‐card sized computer device that is used to monitor in near real‐time soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity, and other weather parameters of the field of interest. Sensors readings are logged and transmitted to the cloud side. At the cloud side, the received sensing data is used by the irrigation scheduling model to determine when and for how long the water pump should be turned on based on a user‐predefined threshold. The user side is developed as an Android mobile app, which is used to control the operations of the water pump with voice recognition capabilities. Finally, this system was evaluated using various performance metrics, such as latency and scalability.
Ahmed Abdelmoamen Ahmed; Suhib Al Omari; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Mohamed Chouikha. A distributed system for supporting smart irrigation using Internet of Things technology. Engineering Reports 2020, 3, 1 .
AMA StyleAhmed Abdelmoamen Ahmed, Suhib Al Omari, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Mohamed Chouikha. A distributed system for supporting smart irrigation using Internet of Things technology. Engineering Reports. 2020; 3 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Abdelmoamen Ahmed; Suhib Al Omari; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Mohamed Chouikha. 2020. "A distributed system for supporting smart irrigation using Internet of Things technology." Engineering Reports 3, no. 7: 1.
The objective of this investigation is to study the impacts of the global response to COVID-19 on air pollution and air quality changes in major cities across the globe over the past few months. Air quality data (NO2, CO, PM2.5, and O3) were downloaded from the World Air Quality Index project for the January 2019–April 2020 period. Results show a significant reduction in the levels of 2020 NO2, CO, and PM2.5 compared to their levels in 2019. These reductions were as high as 63% (Wuhan, China), 61% (Lima, Peru), and 61% (Berlin, Germany), in NO2, CO, and PM2.5 levels, respectively. In contrast, 2020 O3 levels increased substantially, as high as 86% (Milan, Italy), in an apparent response to the decrease in titration by nitrogen monoxide and its derivatives. Significant differences in the weather conditions across the globe do not seem to impact this air quality improvement trend. Will this trend in the reduction in most air pollutants to unprecedented levels continue in the next few weeks or even months? The response to this and other questions will depend on the future global economic and environmental policies.
Hamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Masoud Ghahremannejad. COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1279 .
AMA StyleHamideh Habibi, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares, Masoud Ghahremannejad. COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (12):1279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamideh Habibi; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Masoud Ghahremannejad. 2020. "COVID-19 and the Improvement of the Global Air Quality: The Bright Side of a Pandemic." Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1279.
West Texas, USA Estimation of crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for many aspects of water resources planning and management such as irrigation scheduling. Available widely used methods for calculating ETo include American Society of Civil Engineers’ Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration and Food and Agriculture Organization’s Penman-Monteith equations (FAO-ETo). These methods use complete climate datasets to estimate daily ETo, whereas simple evapotranspiration models based on radiation and temperature use limited climate data. In this study, daily ETo estimated using the temperature based Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation were compared and evaluated with those estimated using the standard FAO-ETo at different stations of West Texas Mesonet. The results showed that the HS equation with original coefficients underestimated daily ETo values as compared to FAO-ETo data. New coefficients of the globally, monthly and regionally calibrated HS equation against FAO-ETo data were derived and proposed for more accurate daily ETo estimates in West Texas. Based on the results of global, monthly and regional calibration scenarios, ETo estimated by the calibrated and validated HS equation using fitted month-specific coefficients showed better agreement with FAO-ETo both within and outside the calibration region. No significant improvement in ETo estimation was observed for the HS equation using interpolated coefficients derived from station-specific calibrated coefficients as compared with commonly calibrated coefficients derived based on datasets of all selected meteorological stations in West Texas.
Ripendra Awal; Hamideh Habibi; Ali Fares; Sanjit Deb. Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration under limited climate data in West Texas. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 2020, 28, 100677 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Hamideh Habibi, Ali Fares, Sanjit Deb. Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration under limited climate data in West Texas. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2020; 28 ():100677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Hamideh Habibi; Ali Fares; Sanjit Deb. 2020. "Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration under limited climate data in West Texas." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 28, no. : 100677.
Spatial variability of soil physical and hydrological properties within or among agricultural fields could be intrinsically induced due to geologic and pedologic soil forming factors, but some of the variability may be induced by anthropogenic activities such as tillage practices. No-tillage has been gaining ground as a successful conservation practice, and quantifying spatial variability of soil physical properties induced by no-tillage practices is a prerequisite for making appropriate site-specific agricultural management decisions and/or reformulating some management practices. In particular, there remains very limited information on the spatial variability of soil physical properties under long-term no-tillage corn and tropical soil conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the spatial variability of some selected soil physical properties (soil surface temperature (ST), volumetric water content (θv), soil resistance (TIP), total porosity (θt), bulk density (ρb), organic carbon, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)) using classical and geostatistical methods. The study site was a 2 ha field cropped no-tillage sweet corn for nearly 10 years on Oahu, Hawaii. The field was divided into 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 m grids. Soil samples were collected at each grid for measuring ρb, θt, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the laboratory following standard methods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, TIP at 10 and 20 cm depths, soil surface temperature, and θv were also measured. Porosity and ρb have low and low to moderate variability, respectively based on the relative ranking of the magnitude of variability drawn from the coefficient of variation. Variability of the SOC, TIP, and Ksat ranges from moderate to high. Based on the best-fitted semivariogram model for finer grid data, 9.8 m and 142.2 m are the cut off beyond which the measured parameter does not show any spatial correlation for SOC, and TIP at 10 cm depth, respectively. Bulk density shows the highest spatial dependence (range = 226.8 m) among all measured properties. Spatial distribution of the soil properties based on kriging shows a high level of variability even though the sampled field is relatively small.
Ripendra Awal; Mohammad Safeeq; Farhat Abbas; Samira Fares; Sanjit K. Deb; Amjad Ahmad; Ali Fares. Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn. Agronomy 2019, 9, 750 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Mohammad Safeeq, Farhat Abbas, Samira Fares, Sanjit K. Deb, Amjad Ahmad, Ali Fares. Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (11):750.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Mohammad Safeeq; Farhat Abbas; Samira Fares; Sanjit K. Deb; Amjad Ahmad; Ali Fares. 2019. "Soil Physical Properties Spatial Variability under Long-Term No-Tillage Corn." Agronomy 9, no. 11: 750.
Harris County is one of the most populated counties in the United States. About 30% of domestic water use in the U.S. is for outdoor activities, especially landscape irrigation and gardening. Optimum landscape and garden irrigation contributes to substantial water and energy savings and a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, the objectives of this work are to (i) calculate site-specific turf grass irrigation water requirements across Harris County and (ii) calculate CO2 emission reductions and water and energy savings across the county if optimum turf grass irrigation is adopted. The Irrigation Management System was used with site-specific soil hydrological data, turf crop water uptake parameters (root distribution and crop coefficient), and long-term daily rainfall and reference evapotranspiration to calculate irrigation water demand across Harris County. The Irrigation Management System outputs include irrigation requirements, runoff, and drainage below the root system. Savings in turf irrigation requirements and energy and their corresponding reduction in CO2 emission were calculated. Irrigation water requirements decreased moving across the county from its north-west to its south-east corners. However, the opposite happened for the runoff and excess drainage below the rootzone. The main reason for this variability is the combined effect of rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, and soil types. Based on the result, if the average annual irrigation water use across the county is 25 mm higher than the optimum level, this will result in 10.45 million m3 of water losses (equivalent water use for 30,561 single families), 4413 MWh excess energy use, and the emission of 2599 metric tons of CO2.
Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Hamideh Habibi. Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1440 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Ali Fares, Hamideh Habibi. Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Ali Fares; Hamideh Habibi. 2019. "Optimum Turf Grass Irrigation Requirements and Corresponding Water- Energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1440.
Future irrigation water requirements (IWRs) for different crops will be affected by the variation of rainfall and evapotranspiration that are projected to be impacted by future climate change. Thus, there is a need to investigate the potential impact of climate change and increasing climate extremes on the sustainability of agricultural production systems. The main goal of this study is to analyze the potential impact of climate change on IWRs for four major crops (corn, cotton, sorghum and winter wheat) in the Northern High Plains of Texas (NHPT). Specific objectives are to (i) generate and analyze projected daily climate data based on different Global Climate Models (GCMs) and (ii) assess the potential impact of climate change on IWRs and other water balance components of four major crops. Daily gridded climate data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) for the 1981 to 2010 period were used to represent observed historical daily climate data. We applied the statistical downscaling model Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) to generate projected daily climate data at each grid cell (approximately 38 × 38 km) within the study region. The climate data for three future periods, that is, the 2020s, 2050s, and 2090s, were generated using outputs from 15 GCMs under three emission scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2). The hydrologic parameters of the major soil types in the study region were derived from the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO). Irrigation water requirements and major water budget components for all grid cells were calculated using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model based on crop specific growth parameters, site-specific soil hydrological properties, irrigation system efficiency, and long-term daily climate data (current and future climate scenarios). Monthly temperature and reference evapotranspiration were projected to increase; however, annual precipitation was expected to decrease in the future projection periods. Thus, gross irrigation requirements (GIRs) of all four crops, with an irrigation system efficiency of 75%, were assumed to increase (2.08-3.77% in the 2020s, 6.23–9.25% in 2055s and 6.81–19.52% in 2090s), threatening the possibility of serious groundwater depletion and long-term sustainable agriculture in this region. Further work is needed to predict crop yield responses to potential climate change scenarios for these different future periods. Copyright © 2019. . Copyright © American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Water Requirements for Some Major Crops in the Northern High Plains of Texas. Bridging Among Disciplines by Synthesizing Soil and Plant Processes 2019, advagricsy, 145 -170.
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Ali Fares. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Water Requirements for Some Major Crops in the Northern High Plains of Texas. Bridging Among Disciplines by Synthesizing Soil and Plant Processes. 2019; advagricsy (bridgingam):145-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Ali Fares. 2019. "Potential Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Water Requirements for Some Major Crops in the Northern High Plains of Texas." Bridging Among Disciplines by Synthesizing Soil and Plant Processes advagricsy, no. bridgingam: 145-170.
Small-scale vegetable and fruit crop producers in the USA use locally available commercial organic fertilizers and soil amendments recycled from municipal and agricultural wastes. Organic soil amendments provide crops with their nutrient needs and maintain soil health by modifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, organic soil amendments might add unwanted elements such as toxic heavy metals or salts, which might inhibit crop growth and reduce yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity of three commercial organic amendments, chicken manure, milorganite, and dairy manure, to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay and chemical analysis of the organic amendments. The seed germination bioassay was conducted by incubating collard greens seeds to germinate in 1:10 (w/v) organic amendment aqueous extracts. Results of this work identified phytotoxic effects of chicken manure and milorganite, but not dairy manure, to collard greens. Potentially phytotoxic chemicals such as copper, zinc, nickel, and salts were also higher in chicken manure and milorganite compared to dairy manure. In particular, nickel in chicken manure and milorganite aqueous extracts was 28-fold and 21-fold, respectively, higher than previously reported toxic levels to wheat seedlings. The results demonstrate the need for more research on phytotoxicity of commercial organic soil amendments to ensure their safe use in vegetable and fruit crop production systems.
Tesfamichael H. Kebrom; Selamawit Woldesenbet; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Monique Garcia; Ming Gao; Peter Ampim; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 5454 -5462.
AMA StyleTesfamichael H. Kebrom, Selamawit Woldesenbet, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Monique Garcia, Ming Gao, Peter Ampim, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares. Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (6):5454-5462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTesfamichael H. Kebrom; Selamawit Woldesenbet; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Monique Garcia; Ming Gao; Peter Ampim; Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. 2019. "Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 6: 5454-5462.
In order for the agricultural sector to be sustainable, farming practices and management strategies need to be informed by site-specific information regarding potential climate change impacts on irrigation requirements and water budget components of different crops. Such information would allow managers and producers to select cropping systems that ensure efficient use of water resources and crop productivity. The major challenge in understanding the link between cropping systems and climate change is the uncertainty of how the climate would change in the future and lack of understanding how different crops would respond to those changes. This study analyzed the potential impact of climate change on irrigation requirements of four major crops (cotton, corn, sorghum, and winter wheat) in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. The irrigation requirement of crops was calculated for the baseline period (1980–2010) and three projected periods: 2020s (2011–2030), 2055s (2046–2065), and 2090s (2080–2099). Daily climate predictions from 15 general circulation models (GCMs) under three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2) were generated for three future periods using the Long Ashton Research Station–Weather Generator (LARS-WG) statistical downscaling model. Grid-based (55 grids at ~38 km resolution) irrigation water requirements (IRRs) and other water budget components of each crop were calculated using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model. Future period projection results show that evapotranspiration (ET) and IRR will increase for all crops, while precipitation is projected to decrease compared with the baseline period. On average, precipitation meets only 25–32% of the ET demand, depending on crop type. In general, projections from almost all GCMs show an increase in IRR for all crops for the three future periods under the three GHG emission scenarios. Irrigation requirement prediction uncertainty between GCMs was consistently greater in July and August for corn, cotton, and sorghum regardless of period and emission scenario. However, for winter wheat, greater uncertainties between GCMs were observed during April and May. Irrigation requirements show significant variations across spatial locations. There was no consistent spatial trend in changes of IRR for the four crops. A unit change in precipitation is projected to affect IRR differently depending on the crop type.
Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil. Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water 2018, 10, 1610 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Ali Fares, Haimanote Bayabil. Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water. 2018; 10 (11):1610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Ali Fares; Haimanote Bayabil. 2018. "Assessing Potential Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Major Crops in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas." Water 10, no. 11: 1610.
Understanding how potential climate change will affect availability of water resources for citrus production globally is needed. The main goal of this study is to investigate impacts of potential future climate change on citrus irrigation requirements (IRR) in major global citrus producing regions, e.g., Africa, Asia, Australia, Mediterranean, Americas. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model was used to calculate optimum IRR for the baseline period (1986–2005) and two future periods (2055s and 2090s) subject to combination of five and seven temperature and precipitation levels, respectively. Predicted IRR show significant spatio-temporal variations across study regions. Future annual IRR are predicted to globally decrease; however, future monthly IRR showed mixed results. Future evapotranspiration and IRR are projected to decrease by up to 12 and 37%, respectively, in response to increases in CO2 concentration. Future citrus canopy interception and drainage below citrus rootzones are expected to slightly increase. Annual rainfall changes are negatively correlated with changes in IRR. These projections should help the citrus industry better understand potential climate change impacts on citrus IRR and major components of the water budget. Further studies are needed to investigate how these potential changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and IRR will affect citrus yield and its economic impact on the citrus industry.
Ali Fares; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Mongi Zekri; Dirceu Mattos Jr.; Ripendra Awal. Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world. Journal of Water and Climate Change 2017, 8, 576 -592.
AMA StyleAli Fares, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Mongi Zekri, Dirceu Mattos Jr., Ripendra Awal. Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world. Journal of Water and Climate Change. 2017; 8 (4):576-592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Fares; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Mongi Zekri; Dirceu Mattos Jr.; Ripendra Awal. 2017. "Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world." Journal of Water and Climate Change 8, no. 4: 576-592.
Soil moisture and organic matter level affects soil respiration and microbial activities, which in turn impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation levels (75% [deficit], 100% [full], and 125% [excess] of reference crop evapotranspiration requirements), and organic amendments (OA) type (chicken manure [CM] and bone meal [BM]) and OA application rates (0,168, 336 and 672 kg total N ha(-1)) on (i) soil physical properties (bulk density, organic matter content and soil moisture content) and (ii) soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a highly weathered tropical Hawai'ian soil. Carbon dioxide readings were consistently taken once or twice a week for the duration of the cropping season. A drip irrigation system was used to apply the appropriate amount of irrigation water to the treatment plots. Treatments were randomly selected and corresponding organic amendments were manually incorporated into the soil. Plots were cultivated with sweet corn (Zea mays 'SS-16'). Soil moisture content within and below the rootzone was monitored using a TDR 300 soil moisture sensor (Spectrum Technologies, Inc., Plainfield, IL, USA) connected with 12 cm long prongs. Soil bulk density and organic matter content were determined at the end of the cropping season. Analysis of variance results revealed that OA type, rate, and their interaction had significant effect on soil CO2 flux (P < 0.05). Among the OA rates, all CM mostly resulted in significantly higher soil CO2 fluxes compared to BM and control treatment (p < 0.05). The two highest rates of BM treatment were not significantly different from the control with regard to soil CO2 flux. In addition, organic amendments affected soil moisture dynamics during the crop growing season and organic matter content measured after the crop harvest. While additional studies are needed to further investigate the effect of irrigation levels on soil CO2 flux, it is recommended that in order to minimize soil CO2 emissions, BM soil amendments could be a potential option to reduce soil CO2 fluxes from agricultural fields similar to the one used in this study.
Ali Fares; Adam Bensley; Haimanote Bayabil; Ripendra Awal; Samira Fares; Hector Valenzuela; Farhat Abbas. Carbon dioxide emission in relation with irrigation and organic amendments from a sweet corn field. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2017, 52, 387 -394.
AMA StyleAli Fares, Adam Bensley, Haimanote Bayabil, Ripendra Awal, Samira Fares, Hector Valenzuela, Farhat Abbas. Carbon dioxide emission in relation with irrigation and organic amendments from a sweet corn field. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2017; 52 (6):387-394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Fares; Adam Bensley; Haimanote Bayabil; Ripendra Awal; Samira Fares; Hector Valenzuela; Farhat Abbas. 2017. "Carbon dioxide emission in relation with irrigation and organic amendments from a sweet corn field." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 52, no. 6: 387-394.
Almoutaz El Hassan; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Eric Risch; Ali Fares. MODELING THE EFFECT OF LANDUSE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF A SEMI URBANIZED WATERSHED USING A PHYSICALLY BASED DISTRIBUTED MODEL. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAlmoutaz El Hassan, Ripendra Awal, Haimanote Bayabil, Ram Ray, Eric Risch, Ali Fares. MODELING THE EFFECT OF LANDUSE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF A SEMI URBANIZED WATERSHED USING A PHYSICALLY BASED DISTRIBUTED MODEL. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmoutaz El Hassan; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote Bayabil; Ram Ray; Eric Risch; Ali Fares. 2017. "MODELING THE EFFECT OF LANDUSE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF A SEMI URBANIZED WATERSHED USING A PHYSICALLY BASED DISTRIBUTED MODEL." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.
Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares; Ram Sai Reddy Janapana. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Ali Fares, Ram Sai Reddy Janapana. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Ali Fares; Ram Sai Reddy Janapana. 2017. "DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE IN TEXAS." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.
Ram L. Ray; Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Eric Risch. ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN IMPERVIOUS AREAS ON FLOODING IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleRam L. Ray, Ali Fares, Ripendra Awal, Eric Risch. ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN IMPERVIOUS AREAS ON FLOODING IN TEXAS. 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRam L. Ray; Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Eric Risch. 2017. "ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN IMPERVIOUS AREAS ON FLOODING IN TEXAS." 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017 , no. : 1.
Texas’ fast-growing economy and population, coupled with cycles of droughts due to climate change, are creating an insatiable demand for water and an increasing need to understand the potential impacts of future climates and climate extremes on the state’s water resources. The objective of this study was to determine potential future climates and climate extremes; and to assess spatial and temporal changes in precipitation (Prec), and minimum and maximum temperature (Tmin and Tmax, respectively), in the Brazos Headwaters Basin under three greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1) for three future periods: 2020s (2011–2030), 2055s (2046–2065), and 2090s (2080–2099). Daily gridded climate data obtained from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) were used to downscale outputs from 15 General Circulation Models (GCMs) using the Long Ashton Research Station–Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model. Results indicate that basin average Tmin and Tmax will increase; however, annual precipitation will decrease for all periods. Annual precipitation will decrease by up to 5.2% and 6.8% in the 2055s and 2090s, respectively. However, in some locations in the basin, up to a 14% decrease in precipitation is projected in the 2090s under the A2 (high) emissions scenario. Overall, the northwestern and southern part of the Brazos Headwaters Basin will experience greater decreases in precipitation. Moreover, precipitation indices of the number of wet days (prec ≥ 5 mm) and heavy precipitation days (prec ≥ 10 mm) are projected to slightly decrease for all future periods. On the other hand, Tmin and Tmax will increase by 2 and 3 °C on average in the 2055s and 2090s, respectively. Mostly, projected increases in Tmin and Tmax will be in the upper range in the southern and southeastern part of the basin. Temperature indices of frost (Tmin < 0 °C) and ice days (Tmax < 0 °C) are projected to decrease, while tropical nights (Tmin > 20 °C) and summer days (Tmax > 25 °C) are expected to increase. However, while the frequency distribution of metrological drought shows slight shifts towards the dry range, there was no significant difference between the baseline and projected metrological drought frequency and severity.
Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Ali Fares. Analysis of Potential Future Climate and Climate Extremes in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water 2016, 8, 603 .
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Ali Fares. Analysis of Potential Future Climate and Climate Extremes in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas. Water. 2016; 8 (12):603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil; Ali Fares. 2016. "Analysis of Potential Future Climate and Climate Extremes in the Brazos Headwaters Basin, Texas." Water 8, no. 12: 603.
Ripendra Awal; Ali Fares. Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater. Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources 2016, 67 -99.
AMA StyleRipendra Awal, Ali Fares. Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater. Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources. 2016; ():67-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipendra Awal; Ali Fares. 2016. "Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Potential Impact on Shallow Groundwater." Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources , no. : 67-99.
Studies show that the performance of soil water content monitoring (SWCM) sensors is affected by soil physical and chemical properties. However, the effect of organic matter on SWCM sensor responses remains less understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (i) assess the effect of organic matter on the accuracy and precision of SWCM sensors using a commercially available soil water content monitoring sensor; and (ii) account for the organic matter effect on the sensor’s accuracy. Sand columns with seven rates of oven-dried sawdust (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 18% v/v, used as an organic matter amendment), thoroughly mixed with quartz sand, and a control without sawdust were prepared by packing quartz sand in two-liter glass containers. Sand was purposely chosen because of the absence of any organic matter or salinity, and also because sand has a relatively low cation exchange capacity that will not interfere with the treatment effect of the current work. Sensor readings (raw counts) were monitored at seven water content levels (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30 cm3 cm−3) by uniformly adding the corresponding volumes of deionized water in addition to the oven-dry one. Sensor readings were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the organic matter level and water content. Sensor readings were strongly correlated with the organic matter level (R2 = 0.92). In addition, the default calibration equation underestimated the water content readings at the lower water content range (0.05 cm3 cm−3). A new polynomial calibration equation that uses raw count and organic matter content as covariates improved the accuracy of the sensor (RMSE = 0.01 cm3 cm−3). Overall, findings of this study highlight the need to account for the effect of soil organic matter content to improve the accuracy and precision of the tested sensor under different soils and environmental conditions.
Ali Fares; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil. Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions. Sensors 2016, 16, 1239 .
AMA StyleAli Fares, Ripendra Awal, Haimanote K. Bayabil. Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions. Sensors. 2016; 16 (8):1239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Fares; Ripendra Awal; Haimanote K. Bayabil. 2016. "Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions." Sensors 16, no. 8: 1239.