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Prof. Dr. Alexander Brem
University of Stuttgart

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Review
Published: 17 August 2021 in Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
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In coherence with the progressive digitalization of all areas of life, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a flourishing concept in both research and practice. Due to the increasing scholarly attention, the literature landscape has become scattered and fragmented. With a focus on the commercial application of the IoT and corresponding research, we employ a co-citation analysis and literature review to structure the field. We find and describe 19 research themes. To consolidate the extant research, we propose a research framework, which is based on a theoretical implementation process of IoT as a concept, specific IoT applications, or architectures integrated in an adapted input–process–output model. The main variables of the model are an initial definition and conceptualization of an IoT concept (input), which goes through an evaluation process (process), before it is implemented and can have an impact in practice (output). The paper contributes to interdisciplinary research relating to a business and management perspective on IoT by providing a holistic overview of predominant research themes and an integrative research framework.

ACS Style

Andreas Korte; Victor Tiberius; Alexander Brem. Internet of Things (IoT) Technology Research in Business and Management Literature: Results from a Co-Citation Analysis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2021, 16, 2073 -2090.

AMA Style

Andreas Korte, Victor Tiberius, Alexander Brem. Internet of Things (IoT) Technology Research in Business and Management Literature: Results from a Co-Citation Analysis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2021; 16 (6):2073-2090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas Korte; Victor Tiberius; Alexander Brem. 2021. "Internet of Things (IoT) Technology Research in Business and Management Literature: Results from a Co-Citation Analysis." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 6: 2073-2090.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
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Recent digital transformation initiatives facilitate the access to platform-based business models on the demand side as well as enabling the necessary proximity to potential customers on the supply side. Due to this network connectivity between people, organizations, resources and entire industries, value and economic growth can be generated within the interactive ecosystem of digital platforms. The special feature of this business model is that competitive advantages, contrary to dominant paradigms, do not primarily rely on the physical infrastructure or the control over scarce and valuable resources. Despite the high practical relevance, little systematic knowledge exists on why platform-based business models often outperform traditional pipeline businesses in many respects. We contribute to this research gap by exploring the critical success factors of platform business models. Based on a qualitative analysis on digital platforms in the metal and steel industry, we identify six key success factors of platform-based business models: We relate these success factors to the design of the three dimensions of business models as described in the literature: (1) value creation, (2) value delivery, and (3) value capture dimensions. Furthermore, our analysis could extend these and design features of the business model by three additional success factors (4) the promotion and sensitization of digital transformation, (5) a suitable platform architecture and strategic judgement of platform providers, as well as (6) the promotion of a start-up culture as central success factors.

ACS Style

Daniel Rohn; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem; Sascha Kraus; Thomas Clauss. Digital platform-based business models – An exploration of critical success factors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 2021, 60, 101625 .

AMA Style

Daniel Rohn, Peter M. Bican, Alexander Brem, Sascha Kraus, Thomas Clauss. Digital platform-based business models – An exploration of critical success factors. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 2021; 60 ():101625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Rohn; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem; Sascha Kraus; Thomas Clauss. 2021. "Digital platform-based business models – An exploration of critical success factors." Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 60, no. : 101625.

Editorial
Published: 31 March 2021 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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ACS Style

Ughetto Elisa; Croce Annalisa; Schwienbacher Armin; Colombo Massimo; Brem Alexander. Digital technologies and the changing entrepreneurial finance landscape: Status quo and perspectives for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2021, 168, 120768 .

AMA Style

Ughetto Elisa, Croce Annalisa, Schwienbacher Armin, Colombo Massimo, Brem Alexander. Digital technologies and the changing entrepreneurial finance landscape: Status quo and perspectives for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2021; 168 ():120768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ughetto Elisa; Croce Annalisa; Schwienbacher Armin; Colombo Massimo; Brem Alexander. 2021. "Digital technologies and the changing entrepreneurial finance landscape: Status quo and perspectives for future research." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 168, no. : 120768.

Special issue paper
Published: 02 February 2021 in R&D Management
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Chinese innovation is again flowing westwards, which is fomented by China’s Belt and Road Initiative. In this context, we study the international impact of innovations from specific countries. Based on panel data of patents from 27 countries over 17 years, we find that levels of open innovation, technological complexity, and dominant design influence the international impact of innovations from a country. Contrary to earlier research, however, this influence is negative when open innovation activities are involved. This is particularly relevant in the context of Chinese innovation, in which the same innovation networks that promote efficient production may hinder the development of innovations. Due to the innate uncertainty and newness of innovation, partners beyond the common local and long‐term networks must be included. Hence, to effectively create a New Silk Road of Innovation, innovation ecosystems may need to expand across national borders. This opens up fruitful avenues for future research, and individuals with multiple cultural identities can bridge the gaps between contexts.

ACS Style

Alexander Brem; Petra A. Nylund. Maneuvering the bumps in the New Silk Road: Open innovation, technological complexity, dominant design, and the international impact of Chinese innovation. R&D Management 2021, 51, 293 -308.

AMA Style

Alexander Brem, Petra A. Nylund. Maneuvering the bumps in the New Silk Road: Open innovation, technological complexity, dominant design, and the international impact of Chinese innovation. R&D Management. 2021; 51 (3):293-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Brem; Petra A. Nylund. 2021. "Maneuvering the bumps in the New Silk Road: Open innovation, technological complexity, dominant design, and the international impact of Chinese innovation." R&D Management 51, no. 3: 293-308.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Innovation ecosystems evolve and adapt to crises, but what are the factors that stimulate ecosystem growth in spite of dire circumstances? We study the arduous path forward of the electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem and analyse in depth those factors that influence ecosystem growth in general and during the pandemic in particular. For the EV ecosystem, growth implies outcompeting the less sustainable internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, thus achieving a transition towards sustainable transportation. New mobility patterns provide a strategic opportunity for such a shift to green mobility and for EV ecosystem growth. For innovation ecosystems in general, we suggest that a crisis can serve as an opportunity for new innovations to break through by disrupting prior behavioural patterns. For the EV ecosystem in particular, it remains to be seen if the ecosystem will be able to capitalize on the opportunity provided by the unfortunate disruption generated by the pandemic.

ACS Style

Manel Arribas-Ibar; Petra Nylund; Alexander Brem. The Risk of Dissolution of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems in Times of Crisis: The Electric Vehicle during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1319 .

AMA Style

Manel Arribas-Ibar, Petra Nylund, Alexander Brem. The Risk of Dissolution of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems in Times of Crisis: The Electric Vehicle during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manel Arribas-Ibar; Petra Nylund; Alexander Brem. 2021. "The Risk of Dissolution of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems in Times of Crisis: The Electric Vehicle during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1319.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
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While thinking in constraints is a key element of frugal innovation, it remains underexplored in the context of developing frugal innovations. Based on insights from the literature and two cases from the medical device industry, this article introduces the concept of constraint-based thinking to drive the frugal product development process based on constraints. This approach is operationalized through a systematic and iterative process to investigate the visible and underlying symptoms of different types of constraints, which are then mapped to specific product features and requirements. It consists of a problem space and a solution space, which are based on the idea that constraints are opportunities to develop innovative solutions. The main components of the constraint-based thinking approach are as follows: first, the identification of constraints or existing limitations, hindrances behind the current status quo that need to be changed; second, a root-cause analysis to understand the underlying causes for each of the identified constraints; third, a mapping of each of those causes to specific product characteristics or requirements; and, fourth, development of a minimal viable product or a prototype. This approach can be used both by companies to develop frugal innovations and by researchers to further develop the link between constraints and new products and services.

ACS Style

Nivedita Agarwal; Julia Oehler; Alexander Brem. Constraint-Based Thinking: A Structured Approach for Developing Frugal Innovations. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2021, 68, 739 -751.

AMA Style

Nivedita Agarwal, Julia Oehler, Alexander Brem. Constraint-Based Thinking: A Structured Approach for Developing Frugal Innovations. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 2021; 68 (3):739-751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nivedita Agarwal; Julia Oehler; Alexander Brem. 2021. "Constraint-Based Thinking: A Structured Approach for Developing Frugal Innovations." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 68, no. 3: 739-751.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
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Publishing in international journals is important but also a tricky task. Before this background, this editorial gives a consolidated overview of key aspects to guide authors along developing and submitting a scientific article in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management . For this, we provide insights into formal requirements, with a major on specific article requirements that must be considered. With two checklists, we summarize key questions which every author should consider before submitting an article to IEEE TEM. Beyond that, the readers might also find these suggestions helpful for any other academic outlet, especially in the field of technological innovation and engineering management.

ACS Style

Alexander Brem; Elif Kongar; Claudia Eckert; Leonardo P. Santiago; Tugrul U. Daim. Editorial: Publishing in Peer-Reviewed Journals. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2020, 68, 5 -10.

AMA Style

Alexander Brem, Elif Kongar, Claudia Eckert, Leonardo P. Santiago, Tugrul U. Daim. Editorial: Publishing in Peer-Reviewed Journals. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 2020; 68 (1):5-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Brem; Elif Kongar; Claudia Eckert; Leonardo P. Santiago; Tugrul U. Daim. 2020. "Editorial: Publishing in Peer-Reviewed Journals." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 68, no. 1: 5-10.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2020 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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In contrast to earlier coronavirus diseases such as SARS or MERS, whose impact was largely limited to specific regions of the world, the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, is affecting people across the globe. This article analyzes the effects of this worldwide phenomenon on certain technologies and how this may improve our lives. It presents technologies that relate directly to the treatment of the virus as well as those that have been used to adapt to living under this crisis. Given that such a pandemic will likely affect humanity again, this article also highlights how these technologies may prove helpful in the future. To this end, technological challenges, related innovation logics, and their social impacts are discussed.

ACS Style

Alexander Brem; Eric Viardot; Petra A. Nylund. Implications of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak for innovation: Which technologies will improve our lives? Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2020, 163, 120451 -120451.

AMA Style

Alexander Brem, Eric Viardot, Petra A. Nylund. Implications of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak for innovation: Which technologies will improve our lives? Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2020; 163 ():120451-120451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Brem; Eric Viardot; Petra A. Nylund. 2020. "Implications of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak for innovation: Which technologies will improve our lives?" Technological Forecasting and Social Change 163, no. : 120451-120451.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Journal of Innovation & Knowledge
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Attaining competitive advantage is especially crucial for innovative firms. Due to increased competition, firms employ various types of innovation activities to position themselves against their competitors. Ambidexterity and strategic agility have been found to strengthen this position. Whereas scholars analyzed strategic agility’s and ambidexterity’s impact on organizational performance, ambidexterity’s impact on the competitive advantage of organizations remains largely unexplored. Tensions between exploration and exploitation within an ambidextrous strategy make it difficult to reap benefits in establishing competitive advantage. Contrary, strategic agility centers on organization’s capacities to quickly respond to shifting demand, hence, increasing its competitive advantage. Through a mixed-method approach, comprising of a literature review and quantitative analyses of 150 German mid-sized firms in the engineering industry, it is demonstrated how ambidexterity, exploration and exploitation, in conjunction with strategic agility, affect the competitive advantage of firms. In order to sustain, firms should either favor an exploration strategy of innovation processes to come up with radically new knowledge, products and services, or combine an exploitation strategy with strategic agility. A strategy of sole exploitation is not beneficial towards increased competitive advantage, while an ambidextrous strategy seems to even negatively influence the competitive advantage of a firm. Lograr una ventaja competitiva es crucial para las empresas innovadoras. Como consecuencia del aumento de la competencia, las empresas utilizan diversos tipos de actividades innovadoras para posicionarse frente a sus competidores. Se ha descubierto que la ambidestreza y la agilidad estratégica fortalecen esta posición. Diversos estudios han analizado el impacto de la agilidad estratégica y la ambidestreza en el desempeño organizacional. Sin embargo, el impacto de la ambidestreza en la ventaja competitiva de las organizaciones permanece en gran parte inexplorado. Las tensiones entre la exploración y la explotación que definen una estrategia ambidiestra aumentan la dificultad de obtener beneficios al establecer una ventaja competitiva. Por el contrario, la agilidad estratégica se centra en las capacidades de la organización para responder rápidamente a la demanda cambiante y, por lo tanto, aumentar su ventaja competitiva. Mediante un enfoque de método mixto, que comprende tanto una revisión de la literatura como el análisis cuantitativos de 150 empresas medianas alemanas en la industria de la ingeniería, se demuestra cómo la ambidestreza, la exploración y la explotación, junto con la agilidad estratégica, afectan a la ventaja competitiva. Para ser sostenibles en el largo plazo, las empresas deben favorecer una estrategia de exploración de procesos de innovación para generar conocimientos, productos y servicios radicalmente nuevos, o combinar una estrategia de explotación con la agilidad estratégica. Una estrategia de explotación exclusiva no es beneficiosa para una mayor ventaja competitiva, mientras que una estrategia ambidiestra parece incluso influir negativamente en la ventaja competitiva.

ACS Style

Thomas Clauss; Sascha Kraus; Friedrich Lukas Kallinger; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem; Norbert Kailer. Organizational ambidexterity and competitive advantage: The role of strategic agility in the exploration-exploitation paradox. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Thomas Clauss, Sascha Kraus, Friedrich Lukas Kallinger, Peter M. Bican, Alexander Brem, Norbert Kailer. Organizational ambidexterity and competitive advantage: The role of strategic agility in the exploration-exploitation paradox. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Clauss; Sascha Kraus; Friedrich Lukas Kallinger; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem; Norbert Kailer. 2020. "Organizational ambidexterity and competitive advantage: The role of strategic agility in the exploration-exploitation paradox." Journal of Innovation & Knowledge , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in International Journal of Innovation Management
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This study empirically analyses the effects of five critical success factors on the front end of innovation and new product development success. Data from a self-developed questionnaire on a cross-industry sample of 77 German-based small- and medium-sized firms were collected through an online survey. Accouting for factors not included in previous studies, the results indicate that strategic alignment, creative encouragement, and external collaboration are the key predictors of front-end success. Surprisingly, the impact of process formalisation and the importance of cross-functional collaboration for front-end success could not be supported. We conject that collaboration in the front end of innovation must exceed simple communication and information exchange to significantly effect front-end success. Managerial implications of this study include the need for an internal search for ideas by fostering employees’ creative abilities while simultaneously remaining open to external input. Also, activities in the front end of innovation should be aligned with the organisation’s overall business strategy to promote successful ideation.

ACS Style

Simon Wagner; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE FRONT END OF INNOVATION: RESULTS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY. International Journal of Innovation Management 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Simon Wagner, Peter M. Bican, Alexander Brem. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE FRONT END OF INNOVATION: RESULTS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY. International Journal of Innovation Management. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Wagner; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem. 2020. "CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE FRONT END OF INNOVATION: RESULTS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY." International Journal of Innovation Management , no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 27 August 2020 in FUTURES & FORESIGHT SCIENCE
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Prospective surveys are a common research mode used to establish a profound decision base for R&D investments, technological innovation, and policy making. The challenge faced by participants of such surveys, particularly if conducted via impersonal survey modes (e.g., mail or online surveys), is the limited ability to clarify contextual issues. Related research in socio‐psychology refers to language vagueness as abstractness, cautioning that abstract language and the way people interpret information are related. We apply Construal Level Theory and the Linguistic Category Model from linguistic sciences to the context of prospective surveys and examine the effects of abstract language and its related amount of information on panelists' response behavior. Based upon 32,000 observations, our research reveals that higher abstractness and greater amount of information reduce the clarity of the respondents' assessments of survey questions. In particular, abstract language and lengthy questions lead to less extreme assessments and a reduced response variance of panelists.

ACS Style

Christoph Markmann; Alexander Spickermann; Heiko A. Von Der Gracht; Alexander Brem. Improving the question formulation in Delphi‐like surveys: Analysis of the effects of abstract language and amount of information on response behavior. FUTURES & FORESIGHT SCIENCE 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Christoph Markmann, Alexander Spickermann, Heiko A. Von Der Gracht, Alexander Brem. Improving the question formulation in Delphi‐like surveys: Analysis of the effects of abstract language and amount of information on response behavior. FUTURES & FORESIGHT SCIENCE. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Markmann; Alexander Spickermann; Heiko A. Von Der Gracht; Alexander Brem. 2020. "Improving the question formulation in Delphi‐like surveys: Analysis of the effects of abstract language and amount of information on response behavior." FUTURES & FORESIGHT SCIENCE , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in International Journal of Innovation Management
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The Lean Startup approach and its related Minimum Viable Product thinking is one of the key trends not only in entrepreneurship, but also in more and more established companies. Before this background, this paper experimentally investigates whether and how the Lean Startup approach improves innovation processes in established companies. For this, the overall experiment had 23 participants, the outcome was then matched against a control group and evaluated through a survey with 146 representatives of the target group of the product. The results show that the Lean Startup approach outperforms the traditional approach and that this method improves the success rate of innovation ideas and thus supports the learning philosophy within established companies. Moreover, the experiment revealed a superior performance, especially relating to financial output. Based on these results, implications for research and companies are discussed, as well as limitations and further research suggestions.

ACS Style

Felix Scheuenstuhl; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem. HOW CAN THE LEAN STARTUP APPROACH IMPROVE THE INNOVATION PROCESS OF ESTABLISHED COMPANIES? AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH. International Journal of Innovation Management 2020, 25, 1 .

AMA Style

Felix Scheuenstuhl, Peter M. Bican, Alexander Brem. HOW CAN THE LEAN STARTUP APPROACH IMPROVE THE INNOVATION PROCESS OF ESTABLISHED COMPANIES? AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH. International Journal of Innovation Management. 2020; 25 (03):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felix Scheuenstuhl; Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem. 2020. "HOW CAN THE LEAN STARTUP APPROACH IMPROVE THE INNOVATION PROCESS OF ESTABLISHED COMPANIES? AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH." International Journal of Innovation Management 25, no. 03: 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Journal of Business Venturing Insights
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With regards to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the domain of entrepreneurship, we offer research-based evidence and associated insights focused on three perspectives (i.e., business planning, frugality, and emotional support) regarding entrepreneurial action under an exogenous shock. Beyond the initial emergency response that countries around the world have taken, we argue that it is time to revise entrepreneurial action guidance in such a context. Our aim is to highlight ways that entrepreneurs can take action in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. We position our insights to be relevant to both researchers and practitioners coping with an unprecedented situation that has catastrophic consequences both economically and socially.

ACS Style

Ferran Giones; Alexander Brem; Jeffrey M. Pollack; Timothy L. Michaelis; Kim Klyver; Jan Brinckmann. Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 2020, 14, e00186 -e00186.

AMA Style

Ferran Giones, Alexander Brem, Jeffrey M. Pollack, Timothy L. Michaelis, Kim Klyver, Jan Brinckmann. Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights. 2020; 14 ():e00186-e00186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ferran Giones; Alexander Brem; Jeffrey M. Pollack; Timothy L. Michaelis; Kim Klyver; Jan Brinckmann. 2020. "Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Business Venturing Insights 14, no. : e00186-e00186.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2020 in Cadernos de Linguística
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Phonetic research on the prosodic sources of perceived charisma has taken a big step towards making a speaker’s tone-of-voice a tangible, quantifiable, and trainable matter. However, the tone-of-voice includes a complex bundle of acoustic features, and a lot of parameters have not even been looked at so far. Moreover, all previous studies focused on political or religious leaders and left aside the large field of managers and CEOs in the world of business. These are the two research gaps addressed in the present study. An acoustic analysis of about 1,350 prosodic phrases from keynotes given by a more charismatic CEO (Steve Jobs) and a less charismatic CEO (Mark Zuckerberg) suggests that the same tone-of-voice settings that make political or religious leaders sound more charismatic also work for business speakers. In addition, results point to further charisma-relevant acoustic parameters related to rhythm, emphasis, pausing, and voice quality - as well as to audience type as a significant context factor. The findings are discussed with respect to implications for future perception-oriented studies and perspectives for a computer-based measurement, assessment, and training of a charismatic tone of voice.

ACS Style

Oliver Niebuhr; Alexander Brem; Jan Michalsky; Jana Neitsch. What Makes Business Speakers Sound Charismatic? Cadernos de Linguística 2020, 1, 01 -40.

AMA Style

Oliver Niebuhr, Alexander Brem, Jan Michalsky, Jana Neitsch. What Makes Business Speakers Sound Charismatic? Cadernos de Linguística. 2020; 1 (1):01-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oliver Niebuhr; Alexander Brem; Jan Michalsky; Jana Neitsch. 2020. "What Makes Business Speakers Sound Charismatic?" Cadernos de Linguística 1, no. 1: 01-40.

Regular article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Creativity and Innovation Management
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The major concern of employees during times of war and conflict is apparently physical survival. But how are top managers of small‐sized companies enhancing the generation of novel and useful ideas by their employees in such physically dangerous business environments? In Afghanistan, as a war‐torn country, this research examined for the first time how getting closer to employees—which is conceptualized as internal marketing orientation culture in our study—directly affects the generation of novel and useful ideas by employees in the workplace. Our analysis is based on survey data from 81 newly established small‐sized companies in Afghanistan. Results indicate a mediating role of employees' perceived psychological safety on the relationship between internal market orientation culture and employees' creative work involvement. Moreover, we discuss the impact of employees' creative work involvement on small‐sized firm competitiveness improvement in general. Finally, we extend our implications in the context of the componential theory model of creativity, which might also serve as a framework for future research.

ACS Style

Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi; Alexander Brem; Dominik Hoerauf. Employee creativity in war zones: Empirical evidence from small firms in Afghanistan. Creativity and Innovation Management 2020, 29, 465 -480.

AMA Style

Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi, Alexander Brem, Dominik Hoerauf. Employee creativity in war zones: Empirical evidence from small firms in Afghanistan. Creativity and Innovation Management. 2020; 29 (3):465-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi; Alexander Brem; Dominik Hoerauf. 2020. "Employee creativity in war zones: Empirical evidence from small firms in Afghanistan." Creativity and Innovation Management 29, no. 3: 465-480.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Digitalization plays a major role in contributing towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Without transformation of existing businesses, both economic and environmental challenges of the future cannot be solved sustainably. However, there is much confusion on interrelationships and terms dealing with digitization or digitalization: Digital business model, digital transformation, digital entrepreneurship. How do these terms interrelate with and to digitalization, and how do they support firms to grow sustainably? To answer this question, we identified seven core digital-related terms based on a structured literature search within the management and economics domain, namely: Digital, Business Model, Digital Business Model, Digital Technology, Digital Innovation, Digital Transformation, and Digital Entrepreneurship. Thereafter, we analyzed prior literature for deriving a common understanding and definition as a basis for interrelations within a conceptual framework. Definitions were presented in a case study setup with twelve innovation and research and development (R&D) managers from various business units of a German high-tech company. Based on these insights, we propose a conceptual framework on how Digital Readiness, Digital Technology, and Digital Business Models might sustainably relate to Innovation, moderated by a Digital Transformation Process. With this approach, we aim to equip practitioners and researchers alike in handling and addressing change through digitalization sustainably.

ACS Style

Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem. Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship: Is There A Sustainable “Digital”? Sustainability 2020, 12, 5239 .

AMA Style

Peter M. Bican, Alexander Brem. Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship: Is There A Sustainable “Digital”? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter M. Bican; Alexander Brem. 2020. "Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship: Is There A Sustainable “Digital”?" Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5239.

Original research
Published: 01 June 2020 in International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness
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In contrast to developed nations, where the crowdfunding system is well established, in developing regions of Asia and especially Africa, this system is still in its infancy. As a step to address this discrepancy, two crowdfunding systems from the North African region are analyzed through the specific translation phases of the actor-network theory. This study identifies nine key actors in the crowdfunding system within a North African context and also dichotomizes them into primary and secondary actors based on their role in the development of the network. The study also highlights different technical and regulatory challenges, such as the establishment of legal regulatory framework, restrictions on capital access, and business investment associated with North African crowdfunding systems.

ACS Style

Khaoula Behi; Nivedita Agarwal; Alexander Brem. An Analysis of a Crowdfunding System in North Africa Based on the Actor-Network Theory. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness 2020, 15, 23 -34.

AMA Style

Khaoula Behi, Nivedita Agarwal, Alexander Brem. An Analysis of a Crowdfunding System in North Africa Based on the Actor-Network Theory. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness. 2020; 15 (1):23-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaoula Behi; Nivedita Agarwal; Alexander Brem. 2020. "An Analysis of a Crowdfunding System in North Africa Based on the Actor-Network Theory." International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness 15, no. 1: 23-34.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2020 in Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
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User Experience (UX) describes the holistic experience of a user before, during, and after interaction with a platform, product, or service. UX adds value and attraction to their sole functionality and is therefore highly relevant for firms. The increased interest in UX has produced a vast amount of scholarly research since 1983. The research field is, therefore, complex and scattered. Conducting a bibliometric analysis, we aim at structuring the field quantitatively and rather abstractly. We employed citation analyses, co-citation analyses, and content analyses to evaluate productivity and impact of extant research. We suggest that future research should focus more on business and management related topics.

ACS Style

Laura Luther; Victor Tiberius; Alexander Brem. User Experience (UX) in Business, Management, and Psychology: A Bibliometric Mapping of the Current State of Research. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 2020, 4, 18 .

AMA Style

Laura Luther, Victor Tiberius, Alexander Brem. User Experience (UX) in Business, Management, and Psychology: A Bibliometric Mapping of the Current State of Research. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. 2020; 4 (2):18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Luther; Victor Tiberius; Alexander Brem. 2020. "User Experience (UX) in Business, Management, and Psychology: A Bibliometric Mapping of the Current State of Research." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, no. 2: 18.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2020 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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In recent years, social and women entrepreneurship have become two growing fields of entrepreneurship research. In the context of social entrepreneurship, earlier research indicates that women are a better fit for leading social enterprises. However, the relevance of gender in the field of social entrepreneurship is underexplored and calls for further research, framing the mainstay of this study. Through a multiple case study approach employing four firms from two emerging markets – India and Colombia – we analyze how women entrepreneurs engage in social entrepreneurship processes in uncertain Base of the Pyramid environments. We use the effectuation lens to investigate the entrepreneurial journey and decision-making logics employed at various stages of the venture development. Findings show that women social entrepreneurs are highly motivated concerning social issues. Also, women entrepreneurs show a subtle transition between the two approaches of causation and effectuation during the venture creation processes. This study highlights the specific challenges that women entrepreneurs face in the emerging market context and the inclusive strategies they employ to enhance socio-economic development.

ACS Style

Eugenia Rosca; Nivedita Agarwal; Alexander Brem. Women entrepreneurs as agents of change: A comparative analysis of social entrepreneurship processes in emerging markets. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2020, 157, 120067 .

AMA Style

Eugenia Rosca, Nivedita Agarwal, Alexander Brem. Women entrepreneurs as agents of change: A comparative analysis of social entrepreneurship processes in emerging markets. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2020; 157 ():120067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugenia Rosca; Nivedita Agarwal; Alexander Brem. 2020. "Women entrepreneurs as agents of change: A comparative analysis of social entrepreneurship processes in emerging markets." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 157, no. : 120067.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Young generations worldwide are not only drastically calling for a more sustainable future, but for having a future at all. In this conceptual article, we pursue the question of how we can make this happen, and argue why it is up to every individual to do so. Based on the rationale of the four-c model of creativity, we argue for four levels of individual sustainability actions: mini-s, little-s, Pro-S and Big-S. Mini-s actions are intrapersonal and represent a core element of individual learning about sustainability. Little-s actions are more interpersonal and demonstrate, on average, a higher reach and impact than mini-s. Pro-S stands for professional actions and solutions. These types of actions are interpersonal and extend their reach and impact beyond a small group of people. They usually need some degree of expertise to achieve a greater reach and impact. Big-S relates to big actions with the highest reach, impact, novelty and usefulness. They refer to solutions that are likely to change how we generally relate to a given product or category and cause a drastic change in our lifestyle. We discuss each action category with examples and outline how these actions may support different sustainability solutions. For this, we search relevant literature on current measurement and conceptual approaches and on specific solutions and take the case of a comprehensive economic approach, steady state economy. Also, concrete levels, conditions, goals, attributes, creativity degrees, profits, motivations and bottom-up principles with examples of application are introduced.

ACS Style

Alexander Brem; Rogelio Puente-Díaz. Are you acting sustainably in your daily practice? Introduction of the Four-S model of sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 267, 122074 .

AMA Style

Alexander Brem, Rogelio Puente-Díaz. Are you acting sustainably in your daily practice? Introduction of the Four-S model of sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 267 ():122074.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Brem; Rogelio Puente-Díaz. 2020. "Are you acting sustainably in your daily practice? Introduction of the Four-S model of sustainability." Journal of Cleaner Production 267, no. : 122074.