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Dr. Maria Marshall
Purdue University

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0 Disaster Recovery
0 Family Business
0 Small Business
0 Gender in Management
0 Disaster research

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Small Business
Family Business
Disaster Recovery
Disaster research

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Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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This manuscript studies the impact of the exogenous COVID-19 pandemic shock on small businesses in the United States. We provide early evidence on how small business owners were affected by COVID-19 and the implementation of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. We collected online survey data from a national sample of 463 small business owners across the United States. The survey was conducted in June 2020, eight weeks after the passage of the CARES Act and the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act. The survey data include information about business characteristics, financial well-being, current response to the crisis, beliefs about the future of their business survival, and the business-owning family demographic information. There are three main themes that emerge from the results. First, drivers of income loss were not necessarily associated with time to recovery. Second, businesses that were undercapitalized were more likely to suffer higher income loss, longer time to recovery, and less likely to be resilient. Resilient was operationalized as a scale merging perceived success, potential for growth, and perceived profitability. Third, business model changes were necessary due to the pandemic but not all adaptive strategies led to better business outcomes. The results from this research study will lead to a better understanding of key vulnerabilities and adjustments that small businesses make to fully recover from economic shocks.

ACS Style

Bhagyashree Katare; Maria I. Marshall; Corinne B. Valdivia. Bend or break? Small business survival and strategies during the COVID-19 shock. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 61, 102332 .

AMA Style

Bhagyashree Katare, Maria I. Marshall, Corinne B. Valdivia. Bend or break? Small business survival and strategies during the COVID-19 shock. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 61 ():102332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhagyashree Katare; Maria I. Marshall; Corinne B. Valdivia. 2021. "Bend or break? Small business survival and strategies during the COVID-19 shock." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 61, no. : 102332.

Original paper
Published: 12 February 2021 in Natural Hazards
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ACS Style

Edeoba William Edobor; Maria I. Marshall. Earth, wind, water, fire and man: How disasters impact firm births in the USA. Natural Hazards 2021, 107, 395 -421.

AMA Style

Edeoba William Edobor, Maria I. Marshall. Earth, wind, water, fire and man: How disasters impact firm births in the USA. Natural Hazards. 2021; 107 (1):395-421.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edeoba William Edobor; Maria I. Marshall. 2021. "Earth, wind, water, fire and man: How disasters impact firm births in the USA." Natural Hazards 107, no. 1: 395-421.

Original paper
Published: 17 September 2020 in Journal of Family and Economic Issues
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This study investigated the implications that cash flow problems and resource intermingling between the family and the business had on small business recovery and resilience after a natural disaster. This study contributed to the literature by studying the impact of cash flow problems and resource intermingling on small businesses in two separate periods: right after the natural disaster (period 1) and eight years after the disaster (period 2). Period 1 determined whether the business was in operation directly following Hurricane Katrina. Period 2 investigated success of the small business after Katrina (compared to pre-Katrina success). Results showed that cash flow problems and resource intermingling did not affect operational status directly following Katrina, but did play a role in business resilience in the long run.

ACS Style

Renee D. Wiatt; Yoon G. Lee; Maria I. Marshall; Virginia S. Zuiker. The Effect of Cash Flow Problems and Resource Intermingling on Small Business Recovery and Resilience After a Natural Disaster. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 2020, 42, 203 -214.

AMA Style

Renee D. Wiatt, Yoon G. Lee, Maria I. Marshall, Virginia S. Zuiker. The Effect of Cash Flow Problems and Resource Intermingling on Small Business Recovery and Resilience After a Natural Disaster. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 2020; 42 (1):203-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renee D. Wiatt; Yoon G. Lee; Maria I. Marshall; Virginia S. Zuiker. 2020. "The Effect of Cash Flow Problems and Resource Intermingling on Small Business Recovery and Resilience After a Natural Disaster." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 42, no. 1: 203-214.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The rate of small business demise is exacerbated by exogenous events such as natural disasters that threaten even the healthiest business. This study focused on the effects of management strategies used by small business owners affected by a natural disaster and the resulting recovery status eight years after Hurricane Katrina. The results indicate that location, human resource, and financial management decisions affect operating status and recovery. Both pre-and post-disaster strategies and across system exchanges were utilized and predicted survival and recovery, e.g., financial managerial strategies utilized post disaster predicted whether a business would fully recover, but effective overall management strategies differed over time and operating category.

ACS Style

Maria Marshall; Holly Schrank. Sink or Swim? Impacts of Management Strategies on Small Business Survival and Recovery. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6229 .

AMA Style

Maria Marshall, Holly Schrank. Sink or Swim? Impacts of Management Strategies on Small Business Survival and Recovery. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Marshall; Holly Schrank. 2020. "Sink or Swim? Impacts of Management Strategies on Small Business Survival and Recovery." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6229.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2019 in Journal of Family Business Management
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the factors associated with role satisfaction in farm and non-farm family businesses differ by gender of the business owner. Design/methodology/approach The data used are from a 30-minute telephone survey of owners of farm and non-farm family businesses in Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Ohio. The sample consists of 627 small- and medium-size family businesses. Three ordered probit regressions are used to analyze role satisfaction. Findings Women’s participation in management and the number of family members in management are positively associated with women’s role satisfaction, while tension from resource competition is negatively associated with role satisfaction. In contrast, men’s role satisfaction is increased through high family business functioning and profit. Practical implications There is no difference in the level of role satisfaction between men and women when one controls for the owner, family and business characteristics. However, there is a difference in the factors that drive role satisfaction between men and women. This may be driven, in part, by what their roles are vis-à-vis the financial aspects of the business. Male and female business owners seem to focus on different aspects of their family business to achieve role satisfaction. Originality/value This paper determines the impact of gender on the role satisfaction of business owners of farm and non-farm family businesses in four Midwestern states. It identifies the different factors associated with role satisfaction for female and male family business owners based on their actual roles.

ACS Style

Wenxuan Li; Maria I. Marshall. Gender and business owner satisfaction. Journal of Family Business Management 2019, 9, 416 -428.

AMA Style

Wenxuan Li, Maria I. Marshall. Gender and business owner satisfaction. Journal of Family Business Management. 2019; 9 (4):416-428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenxuan Li; Maria I. Marshall. 2019. "Gender and business owner satisfaction." Journal of Family Business Management 9, no. 4: 416-428.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2018 in Sustainability
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The US government provided $2.6 billion of small business administration (SBA) disaster loans to individuals and businesses in Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. However, existing literature has not fully explored the firm-level effects of post-disaster loan aid, specifically, the effect on small businesses. The objective of this article is to examine whether SBA disaster loans played a significant role in the performance of small businesses after Hurricane Katrina. Data from a sample of 287 small businesses in Mississippi that were operating before Hurricane Katrina and still operating in 2013 were used in the analysis. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) small business owners that received SBA disaster loans have higher revenue change compared to before Katrina than those who did not receive the loan; (2) small business owners that received SBA disaster loans perceived their businesses to have higher revenue than before Katrina. Receiving a SBA disaster loan played a positive and statistically significant role in determining the actual revenue change and owners’ perception of revenue.

ACS Style

Tomoko Hiramatsu; Maria I. Marshall. The Long-Term Impact of Disaster Loans: The Case of Small Businesses after Hurricane Katrina. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2364 .

AMA Style

Tomoko Hiramatsu, Maria I. Marshall. The Long-Term Impact of Disaster Loans: The Case of Small Businesses after Hurricane Katrina. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomoko Hiramatsu; Maria I. Marshall. 2018. "The Long-Term Impact of Disaster Loans: The Case of Small Businesses after Hurricane Katrina." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2364.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2015 in Natural Hazards
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Few studies of small businesses have addressed demise in post-disaster environments, and the factors that lead to business demise after natural disasters are not well understood. This study explored demise by interviewing a random sample of small business owners whose businesses survived or met demise following Hurricane Katrina. The goal of this study was to determine whether businesses that met demise could be predicted based on pre-existing characteristics of those businesses and their owners. Findings indicated that businesses owned by women, minorities, and veterans were more likely to meet demise. Owners with more industry experience and older businesses were less likely to meet demise, along with larger businesses (number of employees) and service-based businesses. Businesses that had prior disaster experience and prior cash flow problems were also less likely to meet demise post-Katrina, suggesting that prior experiences with some type of adversity may provide knowledge and insight that aid small business owners during subsequent experiences during disaster preparation, response, and recovery periods. Home-based businesses were also less likely to meet demise, whereas businesses located in coastal counties were more likely to meet demise.

ACS Style

Maria I. Marshall; Linda S. Niehm; Sandra B. Sydnor; Holly L. Schrank. Predicting small business demise after a natural disaster: an analysis of pre-existing conditions. Natural Hazards 2015, 79, 331 -354.

AMA Style

Maria I. Marshall, Linda S. Niehm, Sandra B. Sydnor, Holly L. Schrank. Predicting small business demise after a natural disaster: an analysis of pre-existing conditions. Natural Hazards. 2015; 79 (1):331-354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria I. Marshall; Linda S. Niehm; Sandra B. Sydnor; Holly L. Schrank. 2015. "Predicting small business demise after a natural disaster: an analysis of pre-existing conditions." Natural Hazards 79, no. 1: 331-354.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2014 in Natural Hazards
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Exogenous, non-normative shocks to small businesses such as natural disasters have been understudied. Moreover, most disaster research on small businesses has focused on business recovery as a dichotomy at one point in time. However, disaster recovery for small businesses is an iterative process set in the context of individual, family/household, and community recovery over time. A new dynamic research framework for small business recovery is proposed which allows for a shared framework and vocabulary.

ACS Style

Maria I. Marshall; Holly L. Schrank. Small business disaster recovery: a research framework. Natural Hazards 2014, 72, 597 -616.

AMA Style

Maria I. Marshall, Holly L. Schrank. Small business disaster recovery: a research framework. Natural Hazards. 2014; 72 (2):597-616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria I. Marshall; Holly L. Schrank. 2014. "Small business disaster recovery: a research framework." Natural Hazards 72, no. 2: 597-616.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2013 in Journal of Family and Economic Issues
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This research focuses on the relationship between marriage and women’s self-employment earnings in the US. The basic proposition is that marriage poses an additional constraint on women entrepreneurs. By acknowledging the overlap of gender, family, and business we are able to observe the relationship between the institution of marriage and women’s self-employment earnings. This research used the Integrated Public Use Microdata System’s 2009 American Community Survey. Marriage and children had a negative association with women’s self-employment earnings.

ACS Style

Maria I. Marshall; Anna Flaig. Marriage, Children, and Self-Employment Earnings: An Analysis of Self-Employed Women in the US. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 2013, 35, 313 -322.

AMA Style

Maria I. Marshall, Anna Flaig. Marriage, Children, and Self-Employment Earnings: An Analysis of Self-Employed Women in the US. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 2013; 35 (3):313-322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria I. Marshall; Anna Flaig. 2013. "Marriage, Children, and Self-Employment Earnings: An Analysis of Self-Employed Women in the US." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 35, no. 3: 313-322.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2013 in Journal of Family and Economic Issues
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This study focused on the lifecycle income objective of business-owning (farm and nonfarm) households. We hypothesized that the complex relationship between household and business management decisions had the potential to challenge predictions from standard household savings theory. Specifically, we tested for differences in saving behavior of these entrepreneurial households relative to the average US household. A limited dependent variable model was performed, keying in on the saving behavior and ability of household respondents in the Survey of Consumer Finances for 2007. The estimation results indicated that, along with standard demographic influences of savings models, households owning a farm or nonfarm business had a significantly higher likelihood of maintaining private saving in a given year. Our results highlight the necessity for future research on household saving behavior to account for the differing objectives and choice sets faced by households that own businesses when conducting analyses of household saving.

ACS Style

Amber A. Remble; Maria I. Marshall; Roman Keeney. Household Saving Behavior and the Influence of Family-Owned Business. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 2013, 35, 411 -422.

AMA Style

Amber A. Remble, Maria I. Marshall, Roman Keeney. Household Saving Behavior and the Influence of Family-Owned Business. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 2013; 35 (3):411-422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amber A. Remble; Maria I. Marshall; Roman Keeney. 2013. "Household Saving Behavior and the Influence of Family-Owned Business." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 35, no. 3: 411-422.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2012 in Journal of Family and Economic Issues
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Family businesses consist of family members pooling their resources together to achieve a particular goal for the family business. The objectives of this study were to profile the characteristics of the family businesses and business owners by owners’ goal orientation and to examine the influence of goal orientation on family business performance. The mean differences in values of business size, business age, and business liabilities were statistically significant by owners’ goal orientation. The major findings of this study suggest that owner goal orientation had a statistically significant effect on business performance. Specifically, setting a business goal such as growth or a positive reputation with customers had a significant and positive impact on family business performance.

ACS Style

Yoon G. Lee; Maria I. Marshall. Goal Orientation and Performance of Family Businesses. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 2012, 34, 265 -274.

AMA Style

Yoon G. Lee, Maria I. Marshall. Goal Orientation and Performance of Family Businesses. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 2012; 34 (3):265-274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoon G. Lee; Maria I. Marshall. 2012. "Goal Orientation and Performance of Family Businesses." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 34, no. 3: 265-274.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2010 in Journal of Family and Economic Issues
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This research used survey data collected between 2005 and 2006 in rural Kentucky to empirically investigate how different types of rural households in Kentucky cope with the changes in economic environment during the post-tobacco buyout by employing two different family business models, the Agricultural Household Model and the Sustainable Family Business Model. Data were analyzed using a multinomial probit model. The results indicate that multi-generational households were more likely to invest in low risk investments and less likely to employ a family member off-farm than couples with young children. Therefore, family structure plays an important part in the types of adjustment strategies chosen by farm families. The results also indicate that the Sustainable Family Business Model is a better predictor of the observed correlation between family structure and family farms’ choices of adaptation strategies.

ACS Style

Helen Pushkarskaya; Maria I. Marshall. Family Structure, Policy Shocks, and Family Business Adjustment Choices. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 2010, 31, 414 -426.

AMA Style

Helen Pushkarskaya, Maria I. Marshall. Family Structure, Policy Shocks, and Family Business Adjustment Choices. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 2010; 31 (4):414-426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helen Pushkarskaya; Maria I. Marshall. 2010. "Family Structure, Policy Shocks, and Family Business Adjustment Choices." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 31, no. 4: 414-426.

Preprint
Published: 25 February 2009 in SSRN Electronic Journal
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Effective quality management requires setting appropriate goals for the firm. Quality management practices of small farm and non-farm family businesses are compared and a multi nomial logit model was used to analyze the choice of primary business goal by the firm owner. Business owners had the choice of five primary business goals: adequate financing, profit, a positive reputation with customers, long-term viability, or growth. We found statistically significant differences between farm and non-farm family businesses in quality management practices and in their choice of primary business goal. Farm family businesses reported a primary emphasis on financial record keeping in their quality management practices and reported profit as their primary business goal whereas non-farm businesses emphasized product and employee management and customer oriented goal preference.

ACS Style

Maria I. Marshall; Sharon M. Danes; Robert A Milligan. Goal Orientation and Quality Management Practices of Farm and Non-Farm Family Businesses. SSRN Electronic Journal 2009, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria I. Marshall, Sharon M. Danes, Robert A Milligan. Goal Orientation and Quality Management Practices of Farm and Non-Farm Family Businesses. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2009; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria I. Marshall; Sharon M. Danes; Robert A Milligan. 2009. "Goal Orientation and Quality Management Practices of Farm and Non-Farm Family Businesses." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.