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Prof. Iain Gordon
James Hutton Institute

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Animal Behavior
0 Ecology
0 Livestock
0 Ecology and Conservation
0 Ecology of natural resources

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Livestock
Ecology
Animal Behavior
Ecology and Conservation

Honors and Awards

Graduate

Australian Institute of Company Directors


Fellow

Royal Society of Biology


Fellow

Royal Society of Edinburgh




Career Timeline

James Cook University

Institute, Department or Faculty Head

01 September 2015 - 01 October 2019


James Hutton Institute

President, CEO or Director

01 October 2010 - 01 September 2015


CSIRO

Research Director

01 September 2003 - 01 October 2010


Macaulay Land Use Research Institute

Senior Scientist or Principal Investigator

01 February 1988 - 01 September 2003




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Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Climate
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Protected areas, such as natural World Heritage sites, RAMSAR wetlands and Biosphere Reserves, are ecosystems within landscapes. Each site meets certain criteria that allow it to qualify as a heritage or protected area. Both climate change and human influence (e.g., incursion, increased tourist visitation) are altering biophysical conditions at many such sites. As a result, conditions at many sites are falling outside the criteria for their original designation. The alternatives are to change the criteria, remove protection from the site, change site boundaries such that the larger or smaller landscape meets the criteria, or manage the existing landscape in some way that reduces the threat. This paper argues for adaptive heritage, an approach that explicitly recognizes changing conditions and societal value. We discuss the need to view heritage areas as parts of a larger landscape, and to take an adaptive approach to the management of that landscape. We offer five themes of adaptive heritage: (1) treat sites as living heritage, (2) employ innovative governance, (3) embrace transparency and accountability, (4) invest in monitoring and evaluation, and (5) manage adaptively. We offer the Australian Wet Tropics as an example where aspects of adaptive heritage currently are practiced, highlighting the tools being used. This paper offers guidance supporting decisions about natural heritage in the face of climate change and non-climatic pressures. Rather than delisting or lowering standards, we argue for adaptive approaches.

ACS Style

Jim Perry; Iain J. Gordon. Adaptive Heritage: Is This Creative Thinking or Abandoning Our Values? Climate 2021, 9, 128 .

AMA Style

Jim Perry, Iain J. Gordon. Adaptive Heritage: Is This Creative Thinking or Abandoning Our Values? Climate. 2021; 9 (8):128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jim Perry; Iain J. Gordon. 2021. "Adaptive Heritage: Is This Creative Thinking or Abandoning Our Values?" Climate 9, no. 8: 128.

Article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Oryx
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As agricultural areas expand, interactions between wild animals and farmland are increasing. Understanding the nature of such interactions is vital to inform the management of human–wildlife coexistence. We investigated patterns of space use of two Critically Endangered Galapagos tortoise species, Chelonoidis porteri and Chelonoidis donfaustoi, on privately owned and agricultural land (hereafter farms) on Santa Cruz Island, where a human–wildlife conflict is emerging. We used GPS data from 45 tortoises tracked for up to 9 years, and data on farm characteristics, to identify factors that influence tortoise movement and habitat use in the agricultural zone. Sixty-nine per cent of tagged tortoises used the agricultural zone, where they remained for a mean of 150 days before returning to the national park. Large male tortoises were more likely to use farms for longer periods than female and smaller individuals. Tortoises were philopatric (mean overlap of farmland visits = 88.7 ± SE 2.9%), on average visiting four farms and occupying a mean seasonal range of 2.9 ± SE 0.3 ha. We discuss the characteristics of farm use by tortoises, and its implications for tortoise conservation and coexistence with people.

ACS Style

Kyana N. Pike; Stephen Blake; Freddy Cabrera; Iain J. Gordon; Lin Schwarzkopf. Body size, sex and high philopatry influence the use of agricultural land by Galapagos giant tortoises. Oryx 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Kyana N. Pike, Stephen Blake, Freddy Cabrera, Iain J. Gordon, Lin Schwarzkopf. Body size, sex and high philopatry influence the use of agricultural land by Galapagos giant tortoises. Oryx. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyana N. Pike; Stephen Blake; Freddy Cabrera; Iain J. Gordon; Lin Schwarzkopf. 2021. "Body size, sex and high philopatry influence the use of agricultural land by Galapagos giant tortoises." Oryx , no. : 1-10.

Review
Published: 01 June 2021 in Earth
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World Heritage is the pinnacle of the recognition of the natural, aesthetic, and cultural value of a place on the planet. Since its inception in 1972, over 1100 sites have received World Heritage status. Many of these places are being challenged by the effects of climate change. Urgent action is needed to build the resilience and adaptive capacity of World Heritage sites in the face of climate change threats to come. The Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area (WTWHA) is one of the most effectively regulated and managed protected Areas in the world. This includes the scientific evidence upon which that regulation and management is based. However, there is growing evidence that climate change impacts are a clear and present threat to the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) upon which the listing is based. This challenges the very concept of OUV and points to the business-as-usual regulation and management not being sufficient to deal with the threat. It also calls for quantum changes in the approaches to protecting natural and cultural heritage and the OUV in World Heritage Areas. This WTWHA case study gives insights into the journey travelled and the pathways that need to be laid out to protect our most cherished internationally recognised natural and cultural landscapes. We demonstrate the importance of evidence in support of advocacy and management action to address the clear impacts of climate change on species, ecosystems, people, and societies living in the WTWHA. The strategic and climate adaptation plans provide the framework upon which these actions take place. Community engagement in the delivery of mitigation, adaptation, and resilience policy is key to the long-term future of the WTWHA.

ACS Style

Ellen T. Weber; Carla P. Catterall; John Locke; Liz S. Ota; Bruce Prideaux; Leslie Shirreffs; Leah Talbot; Iain J. Gordon. Managing a World Heritage Site in the Face of Climate Change: A Case Study of the Wet Tropics in Northern Queensland. Earth 2021, 2, 248 -271.

AMA Style

Ellen T. Weber, Carla P. Catterall, John Locke, Liz S. Ota, Bruce Prideaux, Leslie Shirreffs, Leah Talbot, Iain J. Gordon. Managing a World Heritage Site in the Face of Climate Change: A Case Study of the Wet Tropics in Northern Queensland. Earth. 2021; 2 (2):248-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ellen T. Weber; Carla P. Catterall; John Locke; Liz S. Ota; Bruce Prideaux; Leslie Shirreffs; Leah Talbot; Iain J. Gordon. 2021. "Managing a World Heritage Site in the Face of Climate Change: A Case Study of the Wet Tropics in Northern Queensland." Earth 2, no. 2: 248-271.

Contributed paper
Published: 05 May 2021 in Conservation Science and Practice
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Predation of threatened fauna by native and introduced predators can drive extinction and prevent population recovery. Most predator management involves exclusion or culling. Evidence suggests that exclusion may have detrimental effects on a prey species' predator awareness. At the same time, culling can cause selection of control‐resistant predators. There is increasing interest in harnessing evolutionary processes to drive adaptation of threatened fauna to cope, but there is limited attention on trying this from the predator direction. We need to shift the survival advantage away from predators that avoid lethal control, and go on to kill, towards those that demonstrate behaviors that reduce impact on threatened fauna. Instead of driving undesirable predator selection, could we select through management actions desirable traits to make them “less lethal” to threatened fauna? We draw on experimental research on predator aversion that suggests there may be an alternative way to mitigate the impacts of predators, while maintaining the learning opportunities of prey species. Using the case study of the invasive red fox in Australia, we propose a conceptual framework within which future research and management could occur to select for these desirable traits in predators and develop practical regimes for predator impact mitigation.

ACS Style

Adrian D. Manning; Tim A. Andrewartha; Anton Blencowe; Kyle Brewer; Iain J. Gordon; Maldwyn J. Evans. Bettering the devil you know: Can we drive predator adaptation to restore native fauna? Conservation Science and Practice 2021, e447 .

AMA Style

Adrian D. Manning, Tim A. Andrewartha, Anton Blencowe, Kyle Brewer, Iain J. Gordon, Maldwyn J. Evans. Bettering the devil you know: Can we drive predator adaptation to restore native fauna? Conservation Science and Practice. 2021; ():e447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrian D. Manning; Tim A. Andrewartha; Anton Blencowe; Kyle Brewer; Iain J. Gordon; Maldwyn J. Evans. 2021. "Bettering the devil you know: Can we drive predator adaptation to restore native fauna?" Conservation Science and Practice , no. : e447.

Review article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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Human influence extends across the globe, from the tallest mountains to the deep bottom of the oceans. There is a growing call for nature to be protected from the negative impacts of human activity (particularly intensive agriculture); so-called “land sparing”. A relatively new approach is “rewilding”, defined as the restoration of self-sustaining and complex ecosystems, with interlinked ecological processes that promote and support one another while minimising or gradually reducing human intervention. The key theoretical basis of rewilding is to return ecosystems to a “natural” or “self-willed” state with trophic complexity, dispersal (and connectivity) and stochastic disturbance in place. However, this is constrained by context-specific factors whereby it may not be possible to restore the native species that formed part of the trophic structure of the ecosystem if they are extinct (e.g., mammoths, Mammuthus spp., aurochs, Bos primigenius); and, populations/communities of native herbivores/predators may not be able to survive or be acceptable to the public in small scale rewilding projects close to areas of high human density. Therefore, the restoration of natural trophic complexity and disturbance regimes within rewilding projects requires careful consideration if the broader conservation needs of society are to be met. In some circumstances, managers will require a more flexible deliberate approach to intervening in rewilding projects using the range of tools in their toolbox (e.g., controlled burning regimes; using domestic livestock to replicate the impacts of extinct herbivore species), even if this is only in the early stages of the rewilding process. If this approach is adopted, then larger areas can be given over to conservation, because of the potential broader benefits to society from these spaces and the engagement of farmers in practises that are closer to their traditions. We provide examples, primarily European, where domestic and semi-domestic livestock are used by managers as part of their rewilding toolbox. Here managers have looked at the broader phenotype of livestock species as to their suitability in different rewilding systems. We assess whether there are ways of using livestock in these systems for conservation, economic (e.g., branded or certified livestock products) and cultural gains.

ACS Style

Iain J. Gordon; Adrian D. Manning; Laetitia M. Navarro; Julia Rouet-Leduc. Domestic Livestock and Rewilding: Are They Mutually Exclusive? Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2021, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Iain J. Gordon, Adrian D. Manning, Laetitia M. Navarro, Julia Rouet-Leduc. Domestic Livestock and Rewilding: Are They Mutually Exclusive? Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2021; 5 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain J. Gordon; Adrian D. Manning; Laetitia M. Navarro; Julia Rouet-Leduc. 2021. "Domestic Livestock and Rewilding: Are They Mutually Exclusive?" Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 18 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The vision of rewilding is to return ecosystems to a “natural” or “self-willed” state with trophic complexity, dispersal (and connectivity) and stochastic disturbance in place. The concept is gaining traction, particularly in Europe where significant land abandonment has taken place in recent years. However, in reality, the purest form of rewilding (Rewilding Max) is constrained by a number of context-specific factors whereby it may not be possible to restore the native species that form part of the trophic structure of the ecosystem if they are extinct (for example, mammoths, Mammuthus spp., aurochs, Bos taurus primigenius). In addition, populations/communities of native herbivores/predators may not be able to survive or be acceptable to the public in small scale rewilding projects close to areas of high human density or agricultural land. Therefore, the restoration of natural trophic complexity and disturbance regimes within rewilding projects requires careful consideration if the broader conservation needs of society are to be met. Here we highlight the importance of herbivory as a key factor in rewilding. We argue that the use of the suite of livestock species, and in particular traditional breeds, offers the opportunity, under both land sharing/sparing strategies, to reinstate a more “natural” form of herbivory but still retain the option for management interventions (Rewilding Lite). It will even be possible to gain economic returns (ecotourism, sale of livestock products) from these systems, which will make them more acceptable to state and private landowners. We develop our case based on the advantages of using landraces versus de-domestication strategies, and on the implementation of eco-shepherding herbivory as a restoration tool in fine mosaics of agriculture/natural patches. If this approach is adopted, then larger areas can be given over to conservation, because of the potential broader benefits to society from these spaces and the engagement of farmers in practices that are closer to their traditions.

ACS Style

Iain Gordon; F. Pérez-Barbería; Adrian Manning. Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3347 .

AMA Style

Iain Gordon, F. Pérez-Barbería, Adrian Manning. Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain Gordon; F. Pérez-Barbería; Adrian Manning. 2021. "Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3347.

Original research
Published: 09 March 2021 in Ecology and Evolution
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When introduced to new ecosystems, species' populations often grow immediately postrelease. Some introduced species, however, maintain a low population size for years or decades before sudden, rapid population growth is observed. Because exponential population growth always starts slowly, it can be difficult to distinguish species experiencing the early phases of slow exponential population growth (inherent lags) from those with actively delayed growth rates (prolonged lags). Introduced ungulates provide an excellent system in which to examine lags, because some introduced ungulate populations have demonstrated rapid population growth immediately postintroduction, while others have not. Using studies from the literature, we investigated which exotic ungulate species and populations (n = 36) showed prolonged population growth lags by comparing the doubling time of real ungulate populations to those predicted from exponential growth models for theoretical populations. Having identified the specific populations that displayed prolonged lags, we examined the impacts of several environmental and biological variables likely to influence the length of lag period. We found that seventeen populations (47%) showed significant prolonged population growth lags. We could not, however, determine the specific factors that contributed to the length of these lag phases, suggesting that these ungulate populations' growth is idiosyncratic and difficult to predict. Introduced species that exhibit delayed growth should be closely monitored by managers, who must be proactive in controlling their growth to minimize the impact such populations may have on their environment.

ACS Style

Catherine L. Kelly; Lin Schwarzkopf; Iain J. Gordon; Ben Hirsch. Population growth lags in introduced species. Ecology and Evolution 2021, 11, 4577 -4587.

AMA Style

Catherine L. Kelly, Lin Schwarzkopf, Iain J. Gordon, Ben Hirsch. Population growth lags in introduced species. Ecology and Evolution. 2021; 11 (9):4577-4587.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catherine L. Kelly; Lin Schwarzkopf; Iain J. Gordon; Ben Hirsch. 2021. "Population growth lags in introduced species." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 9: 4577-4587.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Animal Conservation
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ACS Style

K. L. Evans; J. G. Ewen; G. Guillera‐Arroita; J. A. Johnson; V. Penteriani; S. J. Ryan; R. Sollmann; I. J. Gordon. Conservation in the maelstrom of Covid‐19 – a call to action to solve the challenges, exploit opportunities and prepare for the next pandemic. Animal Conservation 2020, 23, 235 -238.

AMA Style

K. L. Evans, J. G. Ewen, G. Guillera‐Arroita, J. A. Johnson, V. Penteriani, S. J. Ryan, R. Sollmann, I. J. Gordon. Conservation in the maelstrom of Covid‐19 – a call to action to solve the challenges, exploit opportunities and prepare for the next pandemic. Animal Conservation. 2020; 23 (3):235-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. L. Evans; J. G. Ewen; G. Guillera‐Arroita; J. A. Johnson; V. Penteriani; S. J. Ryan; R. Sollmann; I. J. Gordon. 2020. "Conservation in the maelstrom of Covid‐19 – a call to action to solve the challenges, exploit opportunities and prepare for the next pandemic." Animal Conservation 23, no. 3: 235-238.

Chapter
Published: 13 November 2019 in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems
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Large mammalian herbivores and the ecosystems in which they live are intimately connected through the food choices the animals make. Herbivores eat plants and plants have evolved mechanisms to defend themselves from being eaten. This arms race between plants and vertebrate herbivores continues to this day. The outcomes of this arms race are seen in the morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations of large mammalian herbivores. The ways in which herbivores exploit plants affect not only plants, and the assemblages in which they exist but also the “dynamics” of whole ecosystems. The paleoecological work demonstrates that the consequences of large herbivore community and population dynamics at some point in history ripples through time and can be seen in the dynamics of ecosystems today. The Quaternary extinctions of many species of large mammalian herbivores changed systems as fire became the major consumer of vegetation in the absence of ungulates. Fundamental to the understanding of the role of herbivores in ecosystem dynamics is the concept of “niche”, however, “browsing” and “grazing” species of large mammalian herbivore are extremely flexible in their diet composition depending on the circumstances in which they find themselves. Whilst body size has also been used as an explanatory variable in understanding large mammalian herbivore ecology (including feeding and vital rates in population studies), there are many “exceptions to the rule”, which, as with the browser vs. grazer dichotomy, deserves further investigation and potentially also changes in ecological theory. There are rich seams of information and data from historical studies and literature that should be made freely available for such analyses, much more often than is presently the norm. Whilst ungulate ecologists should look to the literature on livestock for insights into, particularly digestive physiology and the increasing understanding of the important of the fermentation microbiome, studies on the various species of wild large mammalian herbivore (including those that are not foregut or hindgut fermenters) are needed to provide insights into dietary adaptations. So, what of the future? Climate change looms large in the picture for large mammalian herbivores; they may have flexibility in order to cope with variation but movement, to take advantage of nutritional opportunities, is key, and populations in, for example, semi-arid areas are increasingly unable to exploit spatial variation because of the massive impact of humans on land use. Let us not forget that currently about 37% of the total land area of the globe is agricultural land and 60% of this is grazing land for livestock. These proportions will only increase as the world’s human population grows in size and wealth. The foregoing Chapters in the Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II provide a wealth of information on the past and current ecology of large mammalian herbivores, but the...

ACS Style

Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H. T. Prins. Browsers and Grazers Drive the Dynamics of Ecosystems. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems 2019, 405 -445.

AMA Style

Iain J. Gordon, Herbert H. T. Prins. Browsers and Grazers Drive the Dynamics of Ecosystems. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. 2019; ():405-445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H. T. Prins. 2019. "Browsers and Grazers Drive the Dynamics of Ecosystems." Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems , no. : 405-445.

Chapter
Published: 13 November 2019 in The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II
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Since the publication of the “The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing” (Gordon and Prins, The ecology of browsing and grazing. Springer, 2008), a number of researchers have taken the approach outlined in the book to assess the impacts of differences in food and nutrient supply on the ecology of other vertebrate taxa. In line with the slightly altered emphasis of the current book (The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II), we also asked the authors of the Sections in this Chapter to provide insights into the impacts that these different vertebrate taxa have on the ecosystems in which they exist. As you will see, the depth of research on the ecology and impacts of the different herbivorous vertebrate taxa varies considerably and demonstrates the importance of further research endeavours, on herbivore/plant interactions, across the board.

ACS Style

Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H. T. Prins; Jordan Mallon; Laura D. Puk; Everton B. P. Miranda; Carolina Starling-Manne; René van der Wal; Ben Moore; William Foley; Lucy Lush; Renan Maestri; Ikki Matsuda; Marcus Clauss. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II 2019, 339 -404.

AMA Style

Iain J. Gordon, Herbert H. T. Prins, Jordan Mallon, Laura D. Puk, Everton B. P. Miranda, Carolina Starling-Manne, René van der Wal, Ben Moore, William Foley, Lucy Lush, Renan Maestri, Ikki Matsuda, Marcus Clauss. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II. 2019; ():339-404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H. T. Prins; Jordan Mallon; Laura D. Puk; Everton B. P. Miranda; Carolina Starling-Manne; René van der Wal; Ben Moore; William Foley; Lucy Lush; Renan Maestri; Ikki Matsuda; Marcus Clauss. 2019. "The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa." The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II , no. : 339-404.

Chapter
Published: 13 November 2019 in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems
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Globally, many terrestrial ecosystems have been and are being heavily influenced by human activity, both directly and indirectly. Humanity and our domestic animals (1.4 billion cattle, 1.2 billion sheep and 0.5 billion goats, but only some 120 million horses and 13 million camels; Encyclopedia.com) have now so much impact on global ecosystems that we have entered the Anthropocene (Lewis and Maslin 2015). Wild ruminants number at least 75 million (Hackmann and Spain 2010), and are native to all continents except Antarctica. In such ecosystems extensive grazing and browsing by domestic and wild large mammalian herbivores (hereafter called large herbivores) and, in places, burning have shaped vegetation composition, structure and dynamics. Through their grazing, browsing, trampling and defecation large herbivores not only shape the structure and distribution of the vegetation but also affect nutrient flows and the responses of associated fauna. Consequently, it is the interactions between management or population dynamics of large herbivores and the vegetation they consume that shape the biodiversity, structure and dynamics of these ecosystems, covering vast parts of the globe. Therefore, a knowledge of the determinants of the distribution, movements and activities of herbivores, and how these interact with vegetation composition and dynamics, is required in order to predict the broader impact of these animals, now and into the future.

ACS Style

Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H. T. Prins. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems 2019, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Iain J. Gordon, Herbert H. T. Prins. The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. 2019; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain J. Gordon; Herbert H. T. Prins. 2019. "The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II." Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems , no. : 1-4.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2019 in Sustainability
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In 2016, the United Nations (UN) launched the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework for sustainable development and a sustainable future. However, the global challenge has been to engage, connect, and empower communities, particularly young people, to both understand and deliver the 17 SDGs. In this study, we show the benefit of a strategic planning-based experiential learning tool, the Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet (YPPP) Program, to improve the underlying competencies of Australian and Mauritian adolescents in increasing understanding and delivering the SDGs. The study was conducted with 300 middle to senior high school students, in 25 schools throughout Australia and Mauritius, over an 18-month period. The intervention included the development of research, strategic planning, management, STEM (Science Technology, Engineering, Maths) and global competency skills in the students, to enable them to build and deliver regional and national SDG plans. Research methods included pre- and post-intervention testing of the attitudes of these students to sustainable development outcomes and compared these attitudes to subsets of scientists and the Australian national population. Our results, from both qualitative and quantitative evidence, demonstrate significant improvements in these adolescents’ appreciation of, and attitudes towards, the SDGs and sustainable outcomes, across a range of key parameters. The results from the 76 students who attended the International Conference in Mauritius in December 2018 demonstrate significant improvements in mean levels of understanding, and attitudes of the students towards the SDGs awareness (+85%), understanding/engagement (+75%), motivation (+57%), and action orientation/empowerment (+66%). These changes were tested across a range of socio-demographic, geographic, and cultural parameters, with consistent results. These findings have significant implications for the challenge of sustainable education and achieving community engagement and action towards the SDGs in Australia and Mauritius, particularly for young people. As the intervention can be replicated and scaled, the findings also highlight the opportunity to extend both the research and this type of experiential learning intervention across both broader geographies and other generation and community segments.

ACS Style

Chambers Ian; Roberts John; Urbaniak Suzy; Gibson David; Durant Graham; Cerini Bobby; Maulloo Aman; Kamudu Applasawmy Bhamini; Barrett Rees; Nelson Charles; Robson Heather; Sangha Kamaljit; Russell-Smith Jeremy; Flintoff Kim; Buchholz Joel; Stafford Smith Mark; Gordon Iain James. Education for Sustainable Development: A Study in Adolescent Perception Changes Towards Sustainability Following a Strategic Planning-Based Intervention—The Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet Program. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5817 .

AMA Style

Chambers Ian, Roberts John, Urbaniak Suzy, Gibson David, Durant Graham, Cerini Bobby, Maulloo Aman, Kamudu Applasawmy Bhamini, Barrett Rees, Nelson Charles, Robson Heather, Sangha Kamaljit, Russell-Smith Jeremy, Flintoff Kim, Buchholz Joel, Stafford Smith Mark, Gordon Iain James. Education for Sustainable Development: A Study in Adolescent Perception Changes Towards Sustainability Following a Strategic Planning-Based Intervention—The Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet Program. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chambers Ian; Roberts John; Urbaniak Suzy; Gibson David; Durant Graham; Cerini Bobby; Maulloo Aman; Kamudu Applasawmy Bhamini; Barrett Rees; Nelson Charles; Robson Heather; Sangha Kamaljit; Russell-Smith Jeremy; Flintoff Kim; Buchholz Joel; Stafford Smith Mark; Gordon Iain James. 2019. "Education for Sustainable Development: A Study in Adolescent Perception Changes Towards Sustainability Following a Strategic Planning-Based Intervention—The Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet Program." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5817.

Perspectives and notes
Published: 29 August 2019 in Conservation Science and Practice
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As human populations increase and become wealthier, the demand for red meat will increase. Much of this increased demand will be supplied through the traditional livestock supply chains; however, there are alternative commodities that can be used to meet some of the demand. Game meat harvested from wildlife is a growing commodity in the developed world, valued for its nutritional qualities and taste. However, there are some perverse management actions whereby wildlife, culled for conservation purposes (usually because they are deemed to be overabundant within National Parks and Protected Areas), are often not utilized as either human or pet food. In this Perspective, I highlight how the products from these culled animals in NPs are used, or not, and discuss some innovative ways in which the products are, or could be, brought into the economic and livelihood system (i.e., utilitarian conservation). These include bringing products from culled animals into the human and pet food supply chains.

ACS Style

Iain J. Gordon. Adopting a utilitarian approach to culling wild animals for conservation in National Parks. Conservation Science and Practice 2019, 1, 1 .

AMA Style

Iain J. Gordon. Adopting a utilitarian approach to culling wild animals for conservation in National Parks. Conservation Science and Practice. 2019; 1 (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain J. Gordon. 2019. "Adopting a utilitarian approach to culling wild animals for conservation in National Parks." Conservation Science and Practice 1, no. 10: 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2019 in Nature Sustainability
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I. J. Gordon; K. Bawa; G. Bammer; C. Boone; J. Dunne; D. Hart; J. Hellmann; A. Miller; Mark New; Jean Ometto; S. Pickett; G. Wendorf; A. Agrawal; P. Bertsch; C. D. Campbell; P. Dodd; A. Janetos; H. Mallee; K. Taylor. Forging future organizational leaders for sustainability science. Nature Sustainability 2019, 2, 647 -649.

AMA Style

I. J. Gordon, K. Bawa, G. Bammer, C. Boone, J. Dunne, D. Hart, J. Hellmann, A. Miller, Mark New, Jean Ometto, S. Pickett, G. Wendorf, A. Agrawal, P. Bertsch, C. D. Campbell, P. Dodd, A. Janetos, H. Mallee, K. Taylor. Forging future organizational leaders for sustainability science. Nature Sustainability. 2019; 2 (8):647-649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. J. Gordon; K. Bawa; G. Bammer; C. Boone; J. Dunne; D. Hart; J. Hellmann; A. Miller; Mark New; Jean Ometto; S. Pickett; G. Wendorf; A. Agrawal; P. Bertsch; C. D. Campbell; P. Dodd; A. Janetos; H. Mallee; K. Taylor. 2019. "Forging future organizational leaders for sustainability science." Nature Sustainability 2, no. 8: 647-649.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Tropical countries lie at the nexus of three pressing issues for global sustainability: agricultural production, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. The forces that drive forest protection do not necessarily oppose those that drive forest clearance for development. This decoupling, enhanced by the stronger economic forces compared to conservation, is detrimental for the social-ecological sustainability of forested tropical landscapes. This paper presents an integrated, and spatially-explicit, Agent-Based Model that examines the future impacts of land-use change scenarios on the sustainability of the Wet Tropics region of tropical Queensland, Australia. In particular, the model integrates Bayesian Belief Networks, Geographical Information Systems, empirical data and expert knowledge, under a land-sharing/land-sparing analysis, to study the impact of different landscape configurations on trade-offs and synergies among biodiversity and two ecosystem services (sugarcane production and carbon sequestration). Contrary to most tropical regions, model simulations show that Business As Usual is helping to reconcile these contrasting goals in the forested landscape of the Wet Tropics. The paper analyses which combination of governance and socio-economic factors is causing these positive results. This is an outstanding achievement for a tropical region, considering that most tropical areas are characterized for having stronger economic-land clearing forces compared to conservation forces, which reduce important ecosystem services for human wellbeing and the health of ecosystems.

ACS Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin; Iain J. Gordon; Rosemary Hill; J. Gary Polhill; Terence P. Dawson. Exploring sustainable land use in forested tropical social-ecological systems: A case-study in the Wet Tropics. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 231, 940 -952.

AMA Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin, Iain J. Gordon, Rosemary Hill, J. Gary Polhill, Terence P. Dawson. Exploring sustainable land use in forested tropical social-ecological systems: A case-study in the Wet Tropics. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 231 ():940-952.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin; Iain J. Gordon; Rosemary Hill; J. Gary Polhill; Terence P. Dawson. 2018. "Exploring sustainable land use in forested tropical social-ecological systems: A case-study in the Wet Tropics." Journal of Environmental Management 231, no. : 940-952.

Correction
Published: 13 August 2018 in PLOS ONE
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201141.].

ACS Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin; J. Gareth Polhill; Terence P. Dawson; Rosemary Hill; Iain J. Gordon. Correction: It's not the 'what', but the 'how': Exploring the role of debt in natural resource (un)sustainability. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0202509 .

AMA Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin, J. Gareth Polhill, Terence P. Dawson, Rosemary Hill, Iain J. Gordon. Correction: It's not the 'what', but the 'how': Exploring the role of debt in natural resource (un)sustainability. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (8):e0202509.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin; J. Gareth Polhill; Terence P. Dawson; Rosemary Hill; Iain J. Gordon. 2018. "Correction: It's not the 'what', but the 'how': Exploring the role of debt in natural resource (un)sustainability." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8: e0202509.

Research article
Published: 20 July 2018 in PLOS ONE
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A debt-based economy cannot survive without economic growth. However, if private debt consistently grows faster than GDP, the consequences are financial crises and the current unprecedented level of global debt. This policy dilemma is aggravated by the lack of analyses factoring the impact of debt-growth cycles on the environment. What is really the relationship between debt and natural resource sustainability, and what is the role of debt in decoupling economic growth from natural resource availability? Here we present a conceptual Agent-Based Model (ABM) that integrates an environmental system into an ABM representation of Steve Keen’s debt-based economic models. Our model explores the extent to which debt-driven processes, within debt-based economies, enhance the decoupling between economic growth and the availability of natural resources. Interestingly, environmental and economic collapse in our model are not caused by debt growth, or the debt-based nature of the economic system itself (i.e. the ‘what’), but rather, these are due to the inappropriate use of debt by private actors (i.e. the ‘how’). Firms inappropriately use bank credits for speculative goals–rather than production-oriented ones–and for exponentially increasing rates of technological development. This context creates temporal mismatches between natural resource growth and firms’ resource extraction rates, as well as between economic growth and the capacity of the government to effectively implement natural resource conservation policies. This paper discusses the extent to which economic growth and the availability of natural resources can be re-coupled through a more sustainable use of debt, for instance by shifting mainstream banking forces to partially support environmental conservation as well as economic growth.

ACS Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin; J. Gareth Polhill; Terence P. Dawson; Rosemary Hill; Iain J. Gordon. It's not the 'what', but the 'how': Exploring the role of debt in natural resource (un)sustainability. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0201141 .

AMA Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin, J. Gareth Polhill, Terence P. Dawson, Rosemary Hill, Iain J. Gordon. It's not the 'what', but the 'how': Exploring the role of debt in natural resource (un)sustainability. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (7):e0201141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julen Gonzalez-Redin; J. Gareth Polhill; Terence P. Dawson; Rosemary Hill; Iain J. Gordon. 2018. "It's not the 'what', but the 'how': Exploring the role of debt in natural resource (un)sustainability." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7: e0201141.

Editorial
Published: 28 January 2018 in Animal Conservation
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I. J. Gordon; R. Altwegg; D. M. Evans; J. G. Ewen; G. Guillera-Arroita; J. A. Johnson; J. K. Young. 20th Anniversary Editorial: Animal Conservation 1998-2018. Animal Conservation 2018, 21, 1 -2.

AMA Style

I. J. Gordon, R. Altwegg, D. M. Evans, J. G. Ewen, G. Guillera-Arroita, J. A. Johnson, J. K. Young. 20th Anniversary Editorial: Animal Conservation 1998-2018. Animal Conservation. 2018; 21 (1):1-2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. J. Gordon; R. Altwegg; D. M. Evans; J. G. Ewen; G. Guillera-Arroita; J. A. Johnson; J. K. Young. 2018. "20th Anniversary Editorial: Animal Conservation 1998-2018." Animal Conservation 21, no. 1: 1-2.

Review
Published: 01 January 2018 in Animal
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With the growing human population, and their improving wealth, it is predicted that there will be significant increases in demand for livestock products (mainly meat and milk). Recent years have demonstrated that the growth in livestock production has generally had significant impacts on wildlife worldwide; and these are, usually, negative. Here I review the interactions between livestock and wildlife and assess the mechanisms through which these interactions occur. The review is framed within the context of the socio-ecological system whereby people are as much a part of the interaction between livestock and wildlife as the animal species themselves. I highlight areas of interaction that are mediated through effects on the forage supply (vegetation) – neutral, positive and negative – however, the review broadly analyses the impacts of livestock production activities. The evidence suggests that it is not the interaction between the species themselves but the ancillary activities associated with livestock production (e.g. land use change, removal of predators, provision of water points) that are the major factors affecting the outcome for wildlife. So in future, there are two key issues that need to be addressed – first, we need to intensify livestock production in areas of ‘intensive’ livestock production in order to reduce the pressure for land use change to meet the demand for meat (land sparing). And second, if wildlife is to survive in areas where livestock production dominates, it will have to be the people part of the socio-ecological system that sees the benefits of having wildlife co-exist with livestock on farming lands (land sharing and win-win).

ACS Style

I. J. Gordon. Review: Livestock production increasingly influences wildlife across the globe. Animal 2018, 12, s372 -s382.

AMA Style

I. J. Gordon. Review: Livestock production increasingly influences wildlife across the globe. Animal. 2018; 12 ():s372-s382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. J. Gordon. 2018. "Review: Livestock production increasingly influences wildlife across the globe." Animal 12, no. : s372-s382.

Animal research papers
Published: 20 November 2017 in The Journal of Agricultural Science
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SUMMARY Sugarcane is an important forage resource in sub-tropical and tropical areas as it is used during the winter or dry season when the growth rate of pastures is significantly reduced. The current research study assessed the effect of four vertical sections of sugarcane in a pen trial and the level of sugarcane utilization in a grazing trial on the ingestive behaviour and forage intake of two age groups of steers (1 and 2 years old). The pen trial was comprised of two simultaneous 4 × 4 balanced Latin square designs (one for each age group of animals) of four periods, four animals and four feeding treatments, which consisted of four equal vertical sections of sugarcane. Dry matter (DM) and digestible DM (DDM) intake per kilogram of metabolic weight declined gradually from top to bottom of the sugarcane, with no significant differences between the age groups of steers. This difference in intake was associated with a decline in intake of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) as a proportion of the liveweight of the animal and an increase of total chewing time per kilogram of DM or NDF from top to bottom of the sugarcane. It was concluded that the toughness of plant material played a significant role regulating intake, which was higher for the top sections of sugarcane. In the grazing trial, steers of both age groups grazed down sugarcane in three plots over 9 days. Steers grazed up to four distinctive grazing strata. Digestible DM intake (DDM intake) was high at low levels of horizontal utilization of the top grazing stratum but DDM intake started to decline sharply when this stratum was removed in 0·92 of paddock area (i.e. equivalent to 0·08 of the pasture area remaining un-grazed). It was concluded that the proportion of un-grazed area of the pasture can be used as a grazing management strategy to control forage intake for sugarcane.

ACS Style

M. A. Benvenutti; D. R. Pavetti; D. P. Poppi; D. G. Mayer; I. J. Gordon. Ingestive behaviour and forage intake responses of young and mature steers to the vertical differentiation of sugarcane in pen and grazing studies. The Journal of Agricultural Science 2017, 155, 1677 -1688.

AMA Style

M. A. Benvenutti, D. R. Pavetti, D. P. Poppi, D. G. Mayer, I. J. Gordon. Ingestive behaviour and forage intake responses of young and mature steers to the vertical differentiation of sugarcane in pen and grazing studies. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 2017; 155 (10):1677-1688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. A. Benvenutti; D. R. Pavetti; D. P. Poppi; D. G. Mayer; I. J. Gordon. 2017. "Ingestive behaviour and forage intake responses of young and mature steers to the vertical differentiation of sugarcane in pen and grazing studies." The Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 10: 1677-1688.