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Sung-Ho Kil
Department of Ecological Landscape Architecture Design, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Wildlife monitoring is carried out for diverse reasons, and monitoring methods have gradually advanced through technological development. Direct field investigations have been replaced by remote monitoring methods, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently become the most important tool for wildlife monitoring. Many previous studies on detecting wild animals have used RGB images acquired from UAVs, with most of the analyses depending on machine learning–deep learning (ML–DL) methods. These methods provide relatively accurate results, and when thermal sensors are used as a supplement, even more accurate detection results can be obtained through complementation with RGB images. However, because most previous analyses were based on ML–DL methods, a lot of time was required to generate training data and train detection models. This drawback makes ML–DL methods unsuitable for real-time detection in the field. To compensate for the disadvantages of the previous methods, this paper proposes a real-time animal detection method that generates a total of six applicable input images depending on the context and uses them for detection. The proposed method is based on the Sobel edge algorithm, which is simple but can detect edges quickly based on change values. The method can detect animals in a single image without training data. The fastest detection time per image was 0.033 s, and all frames of a thermal video could be analyzed. Furthermore, because of the synchronization of the properties of the thermal and RGB images, the performance of the method was above average in comparison with previous studies. With target images acquired at heights below 100 m, the maximum detection precision and detection recall of the most accurate input image were 0.804 and 0.699, respectively. However, the low resolution of the thermal sensor and its shooting height limitation were hindrances to wildlife detection. The aim of future research will be to develop a detection method that can improve these shortcomings.

ACS Style

SeungHyeon Lee; YoungKeun Song; Sung-Ho Kil. Feasibility Analyses of Real-Time Detection of Wildlife Using UAV-Derived Thermal and RGB Images. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2169 .

AMA Style

SeungHyeon Lee, YoungKeun Song, Sung-Ho Kil. Feasibility Analyses of Real-Time Detection of Wildlife Using UAV-Derived Thermal and RGB Images. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (11):2169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

SeungHyeon Lee; YoungKeun Song; Sung-Ho Kil. 2021. "Feasibility Analyses of Real-Time Detection of Wildlife Using UAV-Derived Thermal and RGB Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11: 2169.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Sustainability
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As many people live in cities that lack green space, biodiversity in such areas is decreasing. Suwon, the study site, a city that strives to improve its biodiversity, is close to the capital city of the Republic of Korea (ROK), and has a large population. This study aims to identify habitat-suitable areas using the longitudinal distribution model in Suwon-si, examine habitat changes when rooftop greening scenarios are applied to various use areas, and distinguish efficient use areas to expand the number of forms. To establish a rooftop greening creation scenario, the area was calculated based on the rooftop greening promotion plan in the metropolitan area, and a representative use area where rooftop greening can be applied was selected. To generate a scenario for creating rooftop greening, the property of the green area was assigned to the corresponding use area, and it was produced as an environmental variable, while the species distribution model was driven. As a result of the study, the area of increase in habitat area according to the rooftop greening for each usage area was derived, and the efficiency of the increase in habitat area compared to the rooftop greening area for each usage area was derived. To improve biodiversity in Suwon-si, rooftop greening in residential areas was found to be the most efficient, and rooftop greening efficiency in commercial areas was the lowest. It is expected that information on the increase and efficiency of the habitat of the wild birds due to rooftop greening by area of use derived from this study will help establish a rooftop greening plan and support decision-making to promote biodiversity in the city.

ACS Style

Kyung Baek; Ho Kim; Sung-Ho Kil. Analysis of Changes in Suitable Habitat Areas of Paridae through Rooftop Greening Simulation—Case Study of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4514 .

AMA Style

Kyung Baek, Ho Kim, Sung-Ho Kil. Analysis of Changes in Suitable Habitat Areas of Paridae through Rooftop Greening Simulation—Case Study of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyung Baek; Ho Kim; Sung-Ho Kil. 2021. "Analysis of Changes in Suitable Habitat Areas of Paridae through Rooftop Greening Simulation—Case Study of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4514.

Original paper
Published: 27 September 2018 in Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment
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Landslides are one of the most dangerous types of natural disasters, and damage due to landslides has been increasing in certain regions of the world because of increased precipitation. Policy decision makers require reliable information that can be used to establish spatial adaptation plans to protect people from landslide hazards. Researchers presently identify areas susceptible to landslides using various spatial distribution models. However, such data are associated with a high amount of uncertainty. This study focuses on quantifying the uncertainty of several spatial distribution models and identifying the effectiveness of various ensemble methods that can be used to provide reliable information to support policy decisions. The area of study was Inje-gun, Republic of Korea. Ten models were selected to assess landslide susceptibility. Moreover, five ensemble methods were selected for the aggregated results of the 10 models. The uncertainty was quantified using the coefficient of variation and the uncertainty map we developed revealed areas with strongly differing values among single models. A matrix map was created using an ensemble map and a coefficient of variation map. Using matrix analysis, we identified the areas that are most susceptible to landslides according to the ensemble model with a low uncertainty. Thus, the ensemble model can be a useful tool for supporting decision makers. The framework of this study can also be employed to support the establishment of landslide adaptation plans in other areas of the Republic of Korea and in other countries.

ACS Style

Ho Gul Kim; Dong Kun Lee; Chan Park; Yoonjung Ahn; Sung-Ho Kil; Sunyong Sung; Gregory S. Biging. Estimating landslide susceptibility areas considering the uncertainty inherent in modeling methods. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2018, 32, 2987 -3019.

AMA Style

Ho Gul Kim, Dong Kun Lee, Chan Park, Yoonjung Ahn, Sung-Ho Kil, Sunyong Sung, Gregory S. Biging. Estimating landslide susceptibility areas considering the uncertainty inherent in modeling methods. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 2018; 32 (11):2987-3019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho Gul Kim; Dong Kun Lee; Chan Park; Yoonjung Ahn; Sung-Ho Kil; Sunyong Sung; Gregory S. Biging. 2018. "Estimating landslide susceptibility areas considering the uncertainty inherent in modeling methods." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 32, no. 11: 2987-3019.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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ACS Style

Byeong-Hwa Song; Sung-Ho Kil. Research Trends for Improvement of Biotope Area Index. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 2018, 21, 103 -116.

AMA Style

Byeong-Hwa Song, Sung-Ho Kil. Research Trends for Improvement of Biotope Area Index. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment. 2018; 21 (2):103-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Byeong-Hwa Song; Sung-Ho Kil. 2018. "Research Trends for Improvement of Biotope Area Index." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 21, no. 2: 103-116.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2017 in Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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ACS Style

Sung-Ho Kil. Characteristic Analysis using the Landscape Preference in the Urban Historic Temple. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 2017, 20, 567 -578.

AMA Style

Sung-Ho Kil. Characteristic Analysis using the Landscape Preference in the Urban Historic Temple. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment. 2017; 20 (5):567-578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Ho Kil. 2017. "Characteristic Analysis using the Landscape Preference in the Urban Historic Temple." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 20, no. 5: 567-578.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2016 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Rapid urbanization has accelerated land use and land cover changes, and generated the urban heat island effect (UHI). Previous studies have reported positive effects of neighborhood landscapes on mitigating urban surface temperatures. However, the influence of neighborhood landscape spatial patterns on enhancing cooling effects has not yet been fully investigated. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationships between neighborhood landscape spatial patterns and land surface temperatures (LST) by using multi-regression models considering spatial autocorrelation issues. To measure the influence of neighborhood landscape spatial patterns on LST, this study analyzed neighborhood environments of 15,862 single-family houses in Austin, Texas, USA. Using aerial photos, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing, FRAGSTATS was employed to calculate values of several landscape indices used to measure neighborhood landscape spatial patterns. After controlling for the spatial autocorrelation effect, results showed that larger and better-connected landscape spatial patterns were positively correlated with lower LST values in neighborhoods, while more fragmented and isolated neighborhood landscape patterns were negatively related to the reduction of LST.

ACS Style

Jun-Hyun Kim; Donghwan Gu; Wonmin Sohn; Sung-Ho Kil; Hwanyong Kim; Dong-Kun Lee. Neighborhood Landscape Spatial Patterns and Land Surface Temperature: An Empirical Study on Single-Family Residential Areas in Austin, Texas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 880 .

AMA Style

Jun-Hyun Kim, Donghwan Gu, Wonmin Sohn, Sung-Ho Kil, Hwanyong Kim, Dong-Kun Lee. Neighborhood Landscape Spatial Patterns and Land Surface Temperature: An Empirical Study on Single-Family Residential Areas in Austin, Texas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (9):880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun-Hyun Kim; Donghwan Gu; Wonmin Sohn; Sung-Ho Kil; Hwanyong Kim; Dong-Kun Lee. 2016. "Neighborhood Landscape Spatial Patterns and Land Surface Temperature: An Empirical Study on Single-Family Residential Areas in Austin, Texas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 9: 880.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2016 in Sustainability
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The aim of this study was to identify the major variables identified as important for considering the stabilization of slope revegetation based on hydroseeding applications and evaluate weights of each variable using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with both environmental experts and civil engineers. Twenty-five variables were selected by the experts’ survey from a total of 65 from the existing literature, with each variable considered as an important factor for slope stabilization in South Korea. The final results from the AHP method showed that variables associated with the driving force of water resources showed higher values in all expert groups such as rain intensity, seepage water and drainage condition. Other important variables were related to plant growth such as vegetation community, vegetation coverage and quality of soil ameliorant produced in an artificial factory such as tensile strength, permeability coefficient, soil texture and organic matter. The five highest-ranked variables that satisfied both environmental experts and civil engineers were rain intensity, seepage water, slope angle, drainage condition and ground layer. The findings of this research could be helpful for developing a more accurate rating system to evaluate the stability of slope revegetation.

ACS Style

Sung-Ho Kil; Dong Kun Lee; Jun-Hyun Kim; Ming-Han Li; Galen Newman. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Establish Weighted Values for Evaluating the Stability of Slope Revegetation based on Hydroseeding Applications in South Korea. Sustainability 2016, 8, 58 .

AMA Style

Sung-Ho Kil, Dong Kun Lee, Jun-Hyun Kim, Ming-Han Li, Galen Newman. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Establish Weighted Values for Evaluating the Stability of Slope Revegetation based on Hydroseeding Applications in South Korea. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (1):58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Ho Kil; Dong Kun Lee; Jun-Hyun Kim; Ming-Han Li; Galen Newman. 2016. "Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Establish Weighted Values for Evaluating the Stability of Slope Revegetation based on Hydroseeding Applications in South Korea." Sustainability 8, no. 1: 58.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2015 in Sustainability
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This study employs a diverse set of variables to explain slope stabilization on stable versus failure-prone revegetated cut-slopes in Korea. A field survey was conducted at potential unstable sites and stable sites using 23 variables. Through a non-parametric test of the field survey results, 15 variables were identified as primary determinants of slope failure. Of these variables, one described physical characteristics (elapsed year); four variables described vegetation properties (plant community, vegetation coverage rate, number of trees, and number of herbs); and 10 variables represented soil properties (porosity, soil hardness, water content, sand ratio and silt ratio of soil texture, tensile strength, permeability coefficient, soil depth, soil acidity, salt concentration, and organic matter). Slope angle, which was mainly considered in previous studies, of variables in physical characteristics was not statistically selected as one of the 15 variables because most of sites were located on steep slopes. The vegetation community, vegetation coverage, and number of trees influence slope stabilization. Vegetation coverage is highly correlated with other soil and vegetation variables, making it a major indicator of slope stabilization. All soil variables were related to slope failure such that subsequent slope failure was related to the method of slope revegetation rather than the environmental condition of the slope. Slope failure did not occur in revegetated slopes that matched the characteristics of the surrounding landscape and contained a large number of native trees. Most soil and vegetation variables showed differing values for whether a revegetated slope is potentially unstable or stable.

ACS Style

Sung-Ho Kil; Joongku Lee; Ho Gul Kim; Nam-Choon Kim; Sangjun Im; Gwan-Soo Park. Comparing Potential Unstable Sites and Stable Sites on Revegetated Cut-Slopes of Mountainous Terrain in Korea. Sustainability 2015, 7, 15319 -15341.

AMA Style

Sung-Ho Kil, Joongku Lee, Ho Gul Kim, Nam-Choon Kim, Sangjun Im, Gwan-Soo Park. Comparing Potential Unstable Sites and Stable Sites on Revegetated Cut-Slopes of Mountainous Terrain in Korea. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (11):15319-15341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Ho Kil; Joongku Lee; Ho Gul Kim; Nam-Choon Kim; Sangjun Im; Gwan-Soo Park. 2015. "Comparing Potential Unstable Sites and Stable Sites on Revegetated Cut-Slopes of Mountainous Terrain in Korea." Sustainability 7, no. 11: 15319-15341.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2014 in Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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ACS Style

Sung Ho Kil; Dong-Kun Lee; Hyun Chan Sung; Gwan-Gyu Lee; Ho Gul Kim; Meehyun Koo; Yong Won Mo. Application of IUCN Category Regarding the Designation of Overlapping Protected Areas. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 2014, 23, 157 -167.

AMA Style

Sung Ho Kil, Dong-Kun Lee, Hyun Chan Sung, Gwan-Gyu Lee, Ho Gul Kim, Meehyun Koo, Yong Won Mo. Application of IUCN Category Regarding the Designation of Overlapping Protected Areas. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment. 2014; 23 (2):157-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung Ho Kil; Dong-Kun Lee; Hyun Chan Sung; Gwan-Gyu Lee; Ho Gul Kim; Meehyun Koo; Yong Won Mo. 2014. "Application of IUCN Category Regarding the Designation of Overlapping Protected Areas." Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 23, no. 2: 157-167.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2013 in Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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ACS Style

Sang-Jin Lee; Gwan-Soo Park; Dong-Kun Lee; Eun-Heui Lee; Seong-Wan Jang; Myeoung-Hee Kim; Sung-Ho Kil; Hang-Goo Lee; Kwan-Woo Jang; Beom-Hwan Park; Jun-Young Yoon; Oh-Jung Kwon. A Study on the Changes of Plant Species and Soil Environmental Characteristics on Green Roofs at Seoul Women's University. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 2013, 16, 109 -117.

AMA Style

Sang-Jin Lee, Gwan-Soo Park, Dong-Kun Lee, Eun-Heui Lee, Seong-Wan Jang, Myeoung-Hee Kim, Sung-Ho Kil, Hang-Goo Lee, Kwan-Woo Jang, Beom-Hwan Park, Jun-Young Yoon, Oh-Jung Kwon. A Study on the Changes of Plant Species and Soil Environmental Characteristics on Green Roofs at Seoul Women's University. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 2013; 16 (6):109-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Jin Lee; Gwan-Soo Park; Dong-Kun Lee; Eun-Heui Lee; Seong-Wan Jang; Myeoung-Hee Kim; Sung-Ho Kil; Hang-Goo Lee; Kwan-Woo Jang; Beom-Hwan Park; Jun-Young Yoon; Oh-Jung Kwon. 2013. "A Study on the Changes of Plant Species and Soil Environmental Characteristics on Green Roofs at Seoul Women's University." Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 16, no. 6: 109-117.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2012 in Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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ACS Style

Sung-Ho Kil; Dong-Kun Lee; Tong Mahn Ahn; Meehyun Koo; Te Yon Kim. A Study on the Vegetation Properties of Slope Areas according to the Soil Hardness. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 2012, 15, 115 -127.

AMA Style

Sung-Ho Kil, Dong-Kun Lee, Tong Mahn Ahn, Meehyun Koo, Te Yon Kim. A Study on the Vegetation Properties of Slope Areas according to the Soil Hardness. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 2012; 15 (5):115-127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Ho Kil; Dong-Kun Lee; Tong Mahn Ahn; Meehyun Koo; Te Yon Kim. 2012. "A Study on the Vegetation Properties of Slope Areas according to the Soil Hardness." Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 15, no. 5: 115-127.