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Naomi Fleury
The University of Western Australia, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia

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Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL
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The best management of vitamin D deficiency, defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(25(OH)D] level <50nM, is unclear. Intramuscular (IM) injection of a large bolus of vitamin D (≥100 000 IU) is used,but its safety is uncertain. In 10 adults given an IM injection of 600 000IU vitamin D3, we measured at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection the serum levels of vitamin D3,25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, total 25(OH)D, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] using a standardized LC with tandem MS (MS/MS)assay; serum levels of 25(OH)D using the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 immunoassay; and markers of bone metabolism. Bone markers and 25(OH)D (immunoassay) were remeasured at 24 weeks. All participants had baseline total 25(OH)D levels >50 nM. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased at 3, 4, and 24 weeks postinjection, peaking at 4 weeks [mean ± SEM of 126 ± 7.9nM (immunoassay) and 100 ± 5.5 nM (LC-MS/MS)]but generally remained <125 nM, the upper limit recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine. Serum 24,25(OH)2D3 levels increased at 3 and 4 weeks postinjection. Serum ionized calcium levels were higher than baseline at 1, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection but remained within the clinicallynormal range. Other biochemical parameters, including other vitamin D metabolites, plasma alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels, were unchanged. IM injection of a large bolus of vitamin D effectively increases serum 25(OH)D levels without evidence of metabolic abnormality.

ACS Style

Shelley Gorman; Mark Zafir; Ee Mun Lim; Michael Clarke; Gursimran Dhamrait; Naomi Fleury; John Walsh; Martin Kaufmann; Glenville Jones; Robyn Lucas. High-Dose Intramuscular Vitamin D Provides Long-Lasting Moderate Increases in Serum 25-Hydroxvitamin D Levels and Shorter-Term Changes in Plasma Calcium. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2017, 100, 1337 -1344.

AMA Style

Shelley Gorman, Mark Zafir, Ee Mun Lim, Michael Clarke, Gursimran Dhamrait, Naomi Fleury, John Walsh, Martin Kaufmann, Glenville Jones, Robyn Lucas. High-Dose Intramuscular Vitamin D Provides Long-Lasting Moderate Increases in Serum 25-Hydroxvitamin D Levels and Shorter-Term Changes in Plasma Calcium. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 2017; 100 (5):1337-1344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelley Gorman; Mark Zafir; Ee Mun Lim; Michael Clarke; Gursimran Dhamrait; Naomi Fleury; John Walsh; Martin Kaufmann; Glenville Jones; Robyn Lucas. 2017. "High-Dose Intramuscular Vitamin D Provides Long-Lasting Moderate Increases in Serum 25-Hydroxvitamin D Levels and Shorter-Term Changes in Plasma Calcium." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 5: 1337-1344.

Reply
Published: 18 December 2016 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. We thank Boucher et al. [1] for their interest in our recently published review [2].

ACS Style

Naomi Fleury; Sian Geldenhuys; Shelley Gorman. Response to the Boucher et al. Comments on Fleury et al. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 999. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 1257 .

AMA Style

Naomi Fleury, Sian Geldenhuys, Shelley Gorman. Response to the Boucher et al. Comments on Fleury et al. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 999. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (12):1257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naomi Fleury; Sian Geldenhuys; Shelley Gorman. 2016. "Response to the Boucher et al. Comments on Fleury et al. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 999." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 12: 1257.

Review
Published: 11 October 2016 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Obesity is a significant burden on global healthcare due to its high prevalence and associations with chronic health conditions. In our animal studies, ongoing exposure to low dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR, found in sunlight) reduced weight gain and the development of signs of cardiometabolic dysfunction in mice fed a high fat diet. These observations suggest that regular exposure to safe levels of sunlight could be an effective means of reducing the burden of obesity. However, there is limited knowledge around the nature of associations between sun exposure and the development of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction, and we do not know if sun exposure (independent of outdoor activity) affects the metabolic processes that determine obesity in humans. In addition, excessive sun exposure has strong associations with a number of negative health consequences such as skin cancer. This means it is very important to “get the balance right” to ensure that we receive benefits without increasing harm. In this review, we detail the evidence around the cardiometabolic protective effects of UVR and suggest mechanistic pathways through which UVR could be beneficial.

ACS Style

Naomi Fleury; Sian Geldenhuys; Shelley Gorman. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 999 .

AMA Style

Naomi Fleury, Sian Geldenhuys, Shelley Gorman. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (10):999.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naomi Fleury; Sian Geldenhuys; Shelley Gorman. 2016. "Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 999.