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Since humanity has been able to transform materials, such as raw minerals, and produce food or beverages, a central question was the type of operation and how and where it should be performed
Jean-Pierre Corriou; Jean-Claude Assaf. Special Issue on “Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization”. Processes 2020, 8, 1596 .
AMA StyleJean-Pierre Corriou, Jean-Claude Assaf. Special Issue on “Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization”. Processes. 2020; 8 (12):1596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJean-Pierre Corriou; Jean-Claude Assaf. 2020. "Special Issue on “Chemical Process Design, Simulation and Optimization”." Processes 8, no. 12: 1596.
Aflatoxins (AF) are carcinogenic metabolites produced by different species of Aspergillus which readily colonize crops. AFM1 is secreted in the milk of lactating mammals through the ingestion of feedstuffs contaminated by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Therefore, its presence in milk, even in small amounts, presents a real concern for dairy industries and consumers of dairy products. Different strategies can lead to the reduction of AFM1 contamination levels in milk. They include adopting good agricultural practices, decreasing the AFB1 contamination of animal feeds, or using diverse types of adsorbent materials. One of the most effective types of adsorbents used for AFM1 decontamination are those of microbial origin. This review discusses current issues about AFM1 decontamination methods. These methods are based on the use of different bio-adsorbent agents such as bacteria and yeasts to complex AFM1 in milk. Moreover, this review answers some of the raised concerns about the binding stability of the formed AFM1-microbial complex. Thus, the efficiency of the decontamination methods was addressed, and plausible experimental variants were discussed.
Jean Claude Assaf; Sahar Nahle; Ali Chokr; Nicolas Louka; Ali Atoui; André El Khoury. Assorted Methods for Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Using Microbial Adsorbents. Toxins 2019, 11, 304 .
AMA StyleJean Claude Assaf, Sahar Nahle, Ali Chokr, Nicolas Louka, Ali Atoui, André El Khoury. Assorted Methods for Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Using Microbial Adsorbents. Toxins. 2019; 11 (6):304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJean Claude Assaf; Sahar Nahle; Ali Chokr; Nicolas Louka; Ali Atoui; André El Khoury. 2019. "Assorted Methods for Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Using Microbial Adsorbents." Toxins 11, no. 6: 304.
This study aimed to develop a new method for detoxification of milk from aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm. After inoculation of milk contaminated with AFM1 into L. rhamnosus GG biofilm, the unbound AFM1 was extracted and quantified by HPLC. The stability of the formed AFM1/biofilm complex using different AFM1 contamination levels of milk was also studied. We found that the percentages of bound AFM1 by L. rhamnosus GG biofilm reached up to 60.74%. While no significant difference in milk proteins content was observed after AFM1 binding, some changes in total dry matter and fat content were noticed.
Jean Claude Assaf; Andre EL Khoury; Ali Chokr; Nicolas Louka; Ali Atoui. A novel method for elimination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2019, 72, 248 -256.
AMA StyleJean Claude Assaf, Andre EL Khoury, Ali Chokr, Nicolas Louka, Ali Atoui. A novel method for elimination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm. International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2019; 72 (2):248-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJean Claude Assaf; Andre EL Khoury; Ali Chokr; Nicolas Louka; Ali Atoui. 2019. "A novel method for elimination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm." International Journal of Dairy Technology 72, no. 2: 248-256.
This study aimed to investigate the ability of chitin and heat-treated shrimp shells to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid matrix. Several concentrations of chitin or shrimp shells (grinded and ungrinded) were incubated in AFM1-contaminated phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at different incubation times. The stability of the formed adsorbent-AFM1 complex was also tested in milk at different incubation times and temperatures. The unbound AFM1 was quantified by HPLC. Thereby, the percentages of the initial bounded AFM1 varied between 14.29 and 94.74%. Interestingly, in milk, an increase in incubation time coupled with a decrease in temperature affected positively the amount of bounded AFM1 to chitin and negatively those bounded to ungrinded shells. Results also revealed a partial reversibility in the binding of AFM1 to these adsorbents. These findings provided strong evidence on ability of chitin or shrimp shells by-product to bind AFM1 in milk and in PBS.
Jean Claude Assaf; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Nicolas Louka; Ali Chokr. A novel technique for aflatoxin M1 detoxification using chitin or treated shrimp shells: in vitro effect of physical and kinetic parameters on the binding stability. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2018, 102, 6687 -6697.
AMA StyleJean Claude Assaf, André El Khoury, Ali Atoui, Nicolas Louka, Ali Chokr. A novel technique for aflatoxin M1 detoxification using chitin or treated shrimp shells: in vitro effect of physical and kinetic parameters on the binding stability. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2018; 102 (15):6687-6697.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJean Claude Assaf; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Nicolas Louka; Ali Chokr. 2018. "A novel technique for aflatoxin M1 detoxification using chitin or treated shrimp shells: in vitro effect of physical and kinetic parameters on the binding stability." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, no. 15: 6687-6697.