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Recent findings on the contribution of smallholders to global food production and security challenge the values used in several reports of international organizations. The skewed distribution of the number of farms and the agricultural area by farm size may explain overestimations in small farms' food production. In fact, the highest values found in literature seem to be more strongly correlated to the total number of small farms than to the actual area they cover, suggesting errors in the estimation procedures. Additionally, a significant part of the small farms is not considered in official statistics, thus limiting the use of the data and also leading to underestimations. New efforts are thus needed to develop and apply methodologies to reduce the error and uncertainty of these estimates. In this paper we demonstrate the progress obtained by using a novel approach to provide new and more accurate estimates on the availability of food produced in small farms in 17 European regions (NUTS-3 level) distributed in 8 countries. Our assessment was carried out using two data sets: [1] data on crop area and production for a priori selected key products in each reference region, collected through questionnaires to small producers; [2] remote sensing-based products derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images, including crop type maps with ground-truth validation and small-scale farming systems probability maps. To reduce error propagation resulting from self-reported yield estimates, we used robust measures of central tendency based on Tukey's bi-weight function to compute the overall production in small farms in each region, minimizing the effect of outliers. The self-reported yields by small farmers were also compared with national and regional values of productivity per unit area and discussed in light of previous findings. Our results highlight not only the importance of small farms in the European context, but also their diversity in productivity levels. In addition to the novel methodological steps that underlie our study, which involve the combination of remote sensing data with data resulting from field surveys, the approach undertaken allows to better understand the contribution of small farmers to food security in each regional context, and the potential they have to support short food supply chains. Our findings can be key in supporting policy options that aim to enhance food security by reducing the EU footprint through strengthening and diversifying regional food systems.
Nuno Guiomar; Sérgio Godinho; Maria Rivera; Teresa Pinto-Correia; Rui Machado; Marta Czekaj; Ewa Tyran; Jacek Puchała. Assessing food availability: A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of the contribution of small farms in regional food systems in Europe. Global Food Security 2021, 30, 100555 .
AMA StyleNuno Guiomar, Sérgio Godinho, Maria Rivera, Teresa Pinto-Correia, Rui Machado, Marta Czekaj, Ewa Tyran, Jacek Puchała. Assessing food availability: A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of the contribution of small farms in regional food systems in Europe. Global Food Security. 2021; 30 ():100555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Guiomar; Sérgio Godinho; Maria Rivera; Teresa Pinto-Correia; Rui Machado; Marta Czekaj; Ewa Tyran; Jacek Puchała. 2021. "Assessing food availability: A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of the contribution of small farms in regional food systems in Europe." Global Food Security 30, no. : 100555.
Understanding the effects of weather and topography on fire spread in specific contexts, such as oceanic islands, is critical for supporting fire prevention and suppression strategies. In this study, we analyse the atmospheric conditions associated with historical forest fires that have occurred over complex terrain in Madeira Island, Portugal. The atmospheric Meso-NH model was used to identify the mesoscale environment during three forest fires events. The model was configured into two nested horizontal domains, the outer domain at 2.5 km resolution and the inner domain at 500 m. The paper brings a comprehensive analysis on the factors favouring the evolution of significant large fires occurring in Madeira Island in August 2010, July 2012 and August 2016. These fire events were selected because they are characterized by their large size (between 324.99 ha and 7691.67 ha) that expanded in a short-time period, threatening people and property in the wildland-urban interfaces. The study highlights that local terrain produce orographic effects that enhance the fire danger over the southern slope during typical summer atmospheric conditions.
Flavio Couto; Rui Salgado; Nuno Guiomar. Forest Fires in Madeira Island and the Fire Weather Created by Orographic Effects. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 827 .
AMA StyleFlavio Couto, Rui Salgado, Nuno Guiomar. Forest Fires in Madeira Island and the Fire Weather Created by Orographic Effects. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (7):827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavio Couto; Rui Salgado; Nuno Guiomar. 2021. "Forest Fires in Madeira Island and the Fire Weather Created by Orographic Effects." Atmosphere 12, no. 7: 827.
The Portuguese montado is an agro-silvopastoral system, similar to the Spanish dehesa, known for its cultural, economic and ecological value. Despite its importance, contrasting processes such as land abandonment and land use intensification, together with several other factors, have been responsible for montado degradation in the last decades. Biodiversitywise, assuring high levels of connectivity is vital for many species that, in turn, contribute to the natural processes on which a healthy and sustainable montado relies. To study the montado connectivity in the recent decades and infer what the changes represent to the short and medium dispersal species regarding habitat availability. The study was conducted in an area delimited by biogeographic boundaries in Southern Portugal where montado is abundant. We used a graph theory based approach and montado maps of 1984, 1999 and 2014 derived from remote sensing. The results show a loss of montado associated to increasing fragmentation over time. This led to a global connectivity decrement likely to have negative implications for montado species. The most affected species are those more dependent on habitat characteristics, such as forest specialist birds, and those with low mobility that have lost great amounts of habitat not only due to montado loss but also due to the increasing fragmentation that makes suitable patches unreachable. Given the montado environmental relevance, measures should be taken in order to stop its loss and preserve the core areas that have guaranteed the connectivity over time.
Rui Machado; Sérgio Godinho; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil; Janez Pirnat. Using graph theory to analyse and assess changes in Mediterranean woodland connectivity. Landscape Ecology 2020, 35, 1291 -1308.
AMA StyleRui Machado, Sérgio Godinho, Nuno Guiomar, Artur Gil, Janez Pirnat. Using graph theory to analyse and assess changes in Mediterranean woodland connectivity. Landscape Ecology. 2020; 35 (6):1291-1308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Machado; Sérgio Godinho; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil; Janez Pirnat. 2020. "Using graph theory to analyse and assess changes in Mediterranean woodland connectivity." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 6: 1291-1308.
Worldwide sustainable development is threatened by current agricultural land change trends, particularly by the increasing rural farmland abandonment and agricultural intensification phenomena. In Mediterranean countries, these processes are affecting especially traditional olive groves with enormous socio-economic costs to rural areas, endangering environmental sustainability and biodiversity. Traditional olive groves abandonment and intensification are clearly related to the reduction of olive oil production income, leading to reduced economic viability. Most promising strategies to boost traditional groves competitiveness—such as olive oil differentiation through adoption of protected denomination of origin labels and development of value-added olive products—rely on knowledge of the olive varieties and its specific properties that confer their uniqueness and authenticity. Given the lack of information about olive varieties on traditional groves, a feasible and inexpensive method of variety identification is required. We analyzed leaf spectral information of ten Portuguese olive varieties with a powerful data-mining approach in order to verify the ability of satellite’s hyperspectral sensors to provide an accurate olive variety identification. Our results show that these olive varieties are distinguishable by leaf reflectance information and suggest that even satellite open-source data could be used to map them. Additional advantages of olive varieties mapping were further discussed.
Luis Gomes; Tânia Nobre; Adélia Sousa; Fernando Rei; Nuno Guiomar. Hyperspectral Reflectance as a Basis to Discriminate Olive Varieties—A Tool for Sustainable Crop Management. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3059 .
AMA StyleLuis Gomes, Tânia Nobre, Adélia Sousa, Fernando Rei, Nuno Guiomar. Hyperspectral Reflectance as a Basis to Discriminate Olive Varieties—A Tool for Sustainable Crop Management. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):3059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Gomes; Tânia Nobre; Adélia Sousa; Fernando Rei; Nuno Guiomar. 2020. "Hyperspectral Reflectance as a Basis to Discriminate Olive Varieties—A Tool for Sustainable Crop Management." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 3059.
Understanding land system dynamics is fundamental for policy-making from local to global scale. Land system is a combination of land use, land management and territorial practices. To attain such complete information about landscape structures is a challenging task. Aiming to deepen knowledge on land systems, we applied a methodology meant to achieve a broader understanding of dynamics in the Sítio de Monfurado (SM), a Natura 2000 site and holder of High Nature Value farming systems. To do so, we combined spatial analysis of land system changes with a participatory approach designated as Territory Game. While the spatial analysis shows little change in the SM land systems, the territory is perceived as fast-changing by the territorial actors (e.g., stakeholders with an explicit role in territorial development). At both scales, and in agreement with literature, we find trends of simplification and intensification in land systems, typically associated with the reduction of multifunctionality. The combination of both approaches contributed to the understanding of past changes, the drivers that induce such changes, how these are interpreted and, how to act upon them in the future. The proposed combined methodology can bring new useful insights for policy-makers, although scaling from local to broader scale remains a challenge.
Catarina Esgalhado; Helena Guimarães; Marta Debolini; Nuno Guiomar; Sylvie Lardon; Isabel Ferraz de Oliveira. A holistic approach to land system dynamics – The Monfurado case in Alentejo, Portugal. Land Use Policy 2020, 95, 104607 .
AMA StyleCatarina Esgalhado, Helena Guimarães, Marta Debolini, Nuno Guiomar, Sylvie Lardon, Isabel Ferraz de Oliveira. A holistic approach to land system dynamics – The Monfurado case in Alentejo, Portugal. Land Use Policy. 2020; 95 ():104607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatarina Esgalhado; Helena Guimarães; Marta Debolini; Nuno Guiomar; Sylvie Lardon; Isabel Ferraz de Oliveira. 2020. "A holistic approach to land system dynamics – The Monfurado case in Alentejo, Portugal." Land Use Policy 95, no. : 104607.
The dataset presented in this paper is based on data gathered from several countries within the West Mediterranean area at the highest detailed scale regarding official statistics, with the aim of investigating land and food systems dynamics in the Mediterranean. Characterizing land and food systems dynamics is critical to reveal insights regarding interactions between current dynamics of agricultural practices, species diversity and local food systems. These interactions were analyzed, at multiple spatial scales, on a large part of the Mediterranean basin within the DIVERCROP Project (https://divercropblog.wordpress.com/). An harmonized dataset with the desired characteristics was not readily available from official sources and, therefore, it was necessary to build an ad hoc database that could: (1) cover the Mediterranean areas of seven countries, namely Algeria (DZ), France (FR), Italy (IT), Malta (MT), Portugal (PT), Spain (ES) and Tunisia (TN); (2) contain data referred to the most disaggregated level of administrative units for which data is available in each country; (3) contain data referred to at least two time points, including the latest available data, in each country; (4) contain data on number of farm holdings, on the physical areas covered by the main annual and permanent crops and on livestock (number of heads); (5) contain a primary key that allows joining the census and surveys database to a geographical dataset of administrative units covering the entire area; (6) have an associated complete geographical dataset of administrative units, to allow spatial data analyses.
Ricardo Villani; Tiziana Sabbatini; Olga Moreno Perez; Nuno Guiomar; Marta Debolini. An open dataset about georeferenced harmonized national agricultural censuses and surveys of seven mediterranean countries. Data in Brief 2019, 27, 104774 .
AMA StyleRicardo Villani, Tiziana Sabbatini, Olga Moreno Perez, Nuno Guiomar, Marta Debolini. An open dataset about georeferenced harmonized national agricultural censuses and surveys of seven mediterranean countries. Data in Brief. 2019; 27 ():104774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Villani; Tiziana Sabbatini; Olga Moreno Perez; Nuno Guiomar; Marta Debolini. 2019. "An open dataset about georeferenced harmonized national agricultural censuses and surveys of seven mediterranean countries." Data in Brief 27, no. : 104774.
Eucalypts, especially blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus), have been extensively planted in Portugal and nowadays dominate most of its forest landscapes. Large-scale forestation programs can intensify fire activity, and blue gum plantations are often viewed as highly flammable due to the nature and structure of the fuel complex. The role of eucalypt plantations in the fire regime of Mediterranean climate regions is increasingly debated following the recent catastrophic wildfires in Portugal and elsewhere. In this study we examined the effects of eucalypt forestation on burned area (BA), fire size, and fire severity in Portugal. This was based on fire and vegetation mapping and statistics, fire weather data, satellite imagery, and national forest inventory data. Eucalypt BA comprised an average of 12.5% of total BA (1980–2017) and did not increase over time and with eucalypt expansion. Eucalypt metrics did not explain interannual BA variability after accounting for the effects of other variables. Forest fires started within eucalypt stands were the least likely to become large, and large fire size was irresponsive to forest composition. Likewise, forest type was a generally minor influence in mega-fire severity and accounted for just 1.4–8.6% of surface fuel-hazard metrics variation. In general, large-scale conversion of maritime pine to eucalypt stands (1970–2015) implied lower fuel accumulation. Fire activity results are consistent with fuel hazard results and express trade-offs between short-rotation forestry and fire behaviour in blue gum stands, with high spotting potential versus modest crown fire likelihood. We found no support for the contention of a modified fire regime as a result of eucalypt forestation in Portugal, but the rising undermanaged and abandoned blue gum estate, especially after large-fire seasons, is a concern for the future. However, it remains to be determined whether post-fire eucalypt regrowth is a higher fire threat than native vegetation in the same context.
Paulo M. Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar; Carlos G. Rossa. Analysing eucalypt expansion in Portugal as a fire-regime modifier. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 666, 79 -88.
AMA StylePaulo M. Fernandes, Nuno Guiomar, Carlos G. Rossa. Analysing eucalypt expansion in Portugal as a fire-regime modifier. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 666 ():79-88.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulo M. Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar; Carlos G. Rossa. 2019. "Analysing eucalypt expansion in Portugal as a fire-regime modifier." Science of The Total Environment 666, no. : 79-88.
In a montado farm, commonly found in the South Portugal, human activities benefit from important fluxes of renewable resources. In this study, traditional economic and emergy evaluations are compared to determine their potential contributions to understanding this complex system and applied to a case study of a farm. This allows us to determine how each method values local natural resources and purchased factors of production and services in an empirical context. Results show that the montado farm has a renewable component evaluated at 27% of the total social costs of the system and that the work of natural resources is undervalued in economic budget accounting. Economic evaluation's relative value of purchased factors and services is three and half times higher than their emergy share. We propose that complementing economic budget accounting with emergy accounting provides a benchmark to evaluate the environmental contribution to agricultural and farming systems. In this way, factors external to markets can be evaluated for farming systems, bringing to economic analysis a full evaluation of resources, including the bio-geophysical system's contributions to wealth, enlarging total economic value of resources with a donor perspective enabling a better informed and comprehensive accounting to attain sustainable economic decisions and public policies.
Ana Margarida P. Fonseca; Carlos A.F. Marques; Teresa Pinto-Correia; Nuno Guiomar; Daniel E. Campbell. Emergy evaluation for decision-making in complex multifunctional farming systems. Agricultural Systems 2019, 171, 1 -12.
AMA StyleAna Margarida P. Fonseca, Carlos A.F. Marques, Teresa Pinto-Correia, Nuno Guiomar, Daniel E. Campbell. Emergy evaluation for decision-making in complex multifunctional farming systems. Agricultural Systems. 2019; 171 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Margarida P. Fonseca; Carlos A.F. Marques; Teresa Pinto-Correia; Nuno Guiomar; Daniel E. Campbell. 2019. "Emergy evaluation for decision-making in complex multifunctional farming systems." Agricultural Systems 171, no. : 1-12.
The paper analyses the current limitations of the constraints of decision and action processes in land-use, resource management and conservation policies and approaches, identifying their main factors, proposing alternative strategies to solve the present gaps and limitations. It identifies the need for a new paradigmatic approach based on innovative forms of involvement, commitment and individual and community rewarding systems. This approach is developed based on the characterization of the main drivers of land-use, resource management and conservation policies, namely α-perceptions (immediate and primary satisfaction) and k-perceptions (more mediate and complex consideration of satisfaction, implying long-term perceptions and collective benefits beyond the individual interests). It also analyses the effects of the introduction of new forms of income and incentives (such as trade-offs and payments for environmental services) or management approaches such as Ecological-Based Management or the use of Nature-Based Solutions. The main axioms and instruments necessary to build such a new paradigmatic approach (namely trade-offs, accountability and contractualization) are described. On this basis, it is possible to present a concept for an innovative institutional and social culture and a governance system aimed at an effective land-use, resource management and conservation policies. This governance concept is described and its sustaining individual, social and institutional drivers enunciated.
João Paulo Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil. Identifying key factors, actors and relevant scales in landscape and conservation planning, management and decision making: Promoting effective citizen involvement. Journal for Nature Conservation 2018, 47, 12 -27.
AMA StyleJoão Paulo Fernandes, Nuno Guiomar, Artur Gil. Identifying key factors, actors and relevant scales in landscape and conservation planning, management and decision making: Promoting effective citizen involvement. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2018; 47 ():12-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Paulo Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil. 2018. "Identifying key factors, actors and relevant scales in landscape and conservation planning, management and decision making: Promoting effective citizen involvement." Journal for Nature Conservation 47, no. : 12-27.
Diana Surová; Federica Ravera; Nuno Guiomar; Rodrigo Martínez-Sastre; Teresa Pinto-Correia. Contributions of Iberian Silvo-Pastoral Landscapes to the Well-Being of Contemporary Society. Rangeland Ecology & Management 2018, 71, 560 -570.
AMA StyleDiana Surová, Federica Ravera, Nuno Guiomar, Rodrigo Martínez-Sastre, Teresa Pinto-Correia. Contributions of Iberian Silvo-Pastoral Landscapes to the Well-Being of Contemporary Society. Rangeland Ecology & Management. 2018; 71 (5):560-570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiana Surová; Federica Ravera; Nuno Guiomar; Rodrigo Martínez-Sastre; Teresa Pinto-Correia. 2018. "Contributions of Iberian Silvo-Pastoral Landscapes to the Well-Being of Contemporary Society." Rangeland Ecology & Management 71, no. 5: 560-570.
The aspiration to establish an effective dialogue between science and society has inspired some ground breaking examples of transdisciplinarity (TD). The core idea of TD is that different academic disciplines work jointly with practitioners to solve common problems. The first step of TD implies a contextualization that requires holistic and systemic thinking. To achieve this contextualization, we applied the Social–Ecological Systems (SES) framework with the aim of developing TD to deal with the recorded decline in area and tree density of the montado land-use system located in the Alentejo region, Portugal. The study was based both on a literature review and on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data collected in a number of research projects on the montado. The results show that the lack of consensus regarding the system boundaries, the diverse range of mental models, and the disconnection between policymaking and system singularities are some of the conditions that can hinder TD efforts. The framework allowed the identification of knowledge gaps that limit the understanding of the problem complexity to be dealt with by a TD research process. There is a need to gain a better understanding of the governance system, and to characterize the different types of agro-silvo-pastoral combinations that can be designated as montado. With this detailed understanding, a tailored TD process can be designed. This work argues for the active use of the SES framework in TD in environmental management. Future research could focus on the framework’s utility in developing tools to assess and monitor transdisciplinary research.
Maria Helena Guimarães; Nuno Guiomar; Diana Surová; Sérgio Godinho; Teresa Pinto Correia; Audun Sandberg; Federica Ravera; Marta Varanda. Structuring wicked problems in transdisciplinary research using the Social–Ecological systems framework: An application to the montado system, Alentejo, Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 191, 417 -428.
AMA StyleMaria Helena Guimarães, Nuno Guiomar, Diana Surová, Sérgio Godinho, Teresa Pinto Correia, Audun Sandberg, Federica Ravera, Marta Varanda. Structuring wicked problems in transdisciplinary research using the Social–Ecological systems framework: An application to the montado system, Alentejo, Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 191 ():417-428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Helena Guimarães; Nuno Guiomar; Diana Surová; Sérgio Godinho; Teresa Pinto Correia; Audun Sandberg; Federica Ravera; Marta Varanda. 2018. "Structuring wicked problems in transdisciplinary research using the Social–Ecological systems framework: An application to the montado system, Alentejo, Portugal." Journal of Cleaner Production 191, no. : 417-428.
Forests can be modified by fine-scale disturbances such as those prompted by cattle grazing, but their impacts on biodiversity are far from being understood. Here, we investigate the response of insectivorous bats to cattle-driven forest disturbances, using a savanna-like Mediterranean agroforestry system, the Portuguese montado, as study system. In doing so, we compared bat ensemble composition and activity levels of bats across sites that differed in how frequently they were used by free-ranging cattle. Specifically, we selected sites regularly used by cattle (central places) and sites seldom used (grazing sites). We found strong between-site differences in both bat species composition and activity levels, with lower diversity and activity in central places compared to grazing sites. These response patterns, corresponded to marked between-site differences in tree cover, seemingly driven by cattle use given the lower levels of tree regeneration and vegetation productivity in central places compared to grazing sites. Our work therefore demonstrates that it is not only severe forest loss and fragmentation that has an impact on insectivorous bats, but also when these processes operate at fine spatial scales. We thus suggest that fine-scale forest disturbances, particularly those driven by recurrent cattle use, cannot be neglected in the conservation management of agroforestry systems. In this context, we propose some management strategies aimed at counteracting the impact of cattle-driven disturbances on biodiversity in general, and on insectivorous bats in particular.
Pedro Costa; Denis Medinas; Bruno M. Silva; António Mira; Nuno Guiomar; Elvira Sales-Baptista; Maria I. Ferraz-De-Oliveira; M. Paula Simões; Anabela Belo; José M. Herrera. Cattle-driven forest disturbances impact ensemble composition and activity levels of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean wood pastures. Agroforestry Systems 2018, 93, 1687 -1699.
AMA StylePedro Costa, Denis Medinas, Bruno M. Silva, António Mira, Nuno Guiomar, Elvira Sales-Baptista, Maria I. Ferraz-De-Oliveira, M. Paula Simões, Anabela Belo, José M. Herrera. Cattle-driven forest disturbances impact ensemble composition and activity levels of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean wood pastures. Agroforestry Systems. 2018; 93 (5):1687-1699.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Costa; Denis Medinas; Bruno M. Silva; António Mira; Nuno Guiomar; Elvira Sales-Baptista; Maria I. Ferraz-De-Oliveira; M. Paula Simões; Anabela Belo; José M. Herrera. 2018. "Cattle-driven forest disturbances impact ensemble composition and activity levels of insectivorous bats in Mediterranean wood pastures." Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 5: 1687-1699.
Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a flora e a vegetação dos afloramentos rochosos isolados e de baixa altitude (lajedos), na vegetação de Caatinga Arbustiva Aberta, que se encontram nos municípios de Sobral, Groaíras e Santa Quitéria, no estado do Ceará, Brasil e propor uma classificação fitossociológica para estas comunidades xerófilas. Foram definidas cinco áreas de coleta de dados com elevada proporção de rochas expostas (> 80%) onde as excursões de campo decorreram em março de 2014 e 2015 (3º56’S e 40º23’W, 4º01’S e 40º05’W, 4º07’S e 40º08’W, 4º09’S e 40º09’W e 4º03’S e 40º00’W). No estudo da vegetação aplicou-se os métodos TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis) e o clássico sigmatista de Braun-Blanquet. As áreas mínimas dos inventários fitossociológicos variaram de 8 a 16 m2. Foram coletadas as espécies vegetais que crescem em fissuras, fendas e ilhas de vegetação que se encontram em afloramentos rochosos. Foram registradas 88 espécies, distribuídas em 59 gêneros e 30 famílias botânicas. Fabaceae foi a família que se destacou em riqueza específica (20 spp.), seguida por Poaceae (dez spp.), Euphorbiaceae (sete spp.) e Convolvulaceae (seis spp.). Quanto ao endemismo foram registradas, em vegetação rupestre, 19 espécies endêmicas para o Brasil. Na análise fitossociológica da vegetação propôs-se estudar a comunidade de Pilosocereus gounellei (FA.C.Weber) Byles & Rowley e Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f. e a de Crateva tapia L. e Combretum leprosum Mart.
Marízia Menezes Dias Pereira; Petronio Emanuel Timbó Braga; Nuno Guiomar; Francisco Diego Sousa Santos; Silvia Ribeiro. A flora e a vegetação dos afloramentos rochosos em três municípios na região Norte do Ceará, Brasil: caracterização fitossociológica. Rodriguésia 2018, 69, 281 -299.
AMA StyleMarízia Menezes Dias Pereira, Petronio Emanuel Timbó Braga, Nuno Guiomar, Francisco Diego Sousa Santos, Silvia Ribeiro. A flora e a vegetação dos afloramentos rochosos em três municípios na região Norte do Ceará, Brasil: caracterização fitossociológica. Rodriguésia. 2018; 69 (2):281-299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarízia Menezes Dias Pereira; Petronio Emanuel Timbó Braga; Nuno Guiomar; Francisco Diego Sousa Santos; Silvia Ribeiro. 2018. "A flora e a vegetação dos afloramentos rochosos em três municípios na região Norte do Ceará, Brasil: caracterização fitossociológica." Rodriguésia 69, no. 2: 281-299.
The contribution of small farms to local food supply, food security and food sovereignty is widely acknowledged at a global level. In the particular case of Europe, they often are seen as an alternative to large and specialised farms. Assessing the real role of small farms has been limited by a lack of information, as small farms are frequently omitted from agricultural censuses and national statistics. It is also well acknowledged that small farms differ widely, and are distributed according to different spatial patterns across Europe, fulfilling different roles according to the agriculture and territorial characteristics of each region. This paper presents the result of a novel classification of small farms at NUTS-3 level in Europe, according to the relevance of small farms in the agricultural and territorial context of each region, and based on a typology of small farms considering different dimensions of farm size. The maps presented result from an extensive data collection and variables selected according to European wide expert judgement, analysed with advanced cluster procedures. The results provide a fine grained picture of the role of small farms at the regional level in Europe today, and are expected to support further data analysis and targeted policy intervention.
N. Guiomar; Sérgio Godinho; Teresa Pinto-Correia; M. Almeida; Fabio Bartolini; P. Bezák; Marianna Biró; H. Bjørkhaug; Š. Bojnec; Gianluca Brunori; M. Corazzin; M. Czekaj; S. Davidova; J. Kania; Soren Kristensen; Elisa Marraccini; Zsolt Molnar; J. Niedermayr; E. O’Rourke; D. Ortiz-Miranda; M. Redman; T. Sipiläinen; H. Sooväli-Sepping; Sandra Šūmane; Diana Surova; L.A. Sutherland; E. Tcherkezova; T. Tisenkopfs; T. Tsiligiridis; M.M. Tudor; K. Wagner; A. Wästfelt. Typology and distribution of small farms in Europe: Towards a better picture. Land Use Policy 2018, 75, 784 -798.
AMA StyleN. Guiomar, Sérgio Godinho, Teresa Pinto-Correia, M. Almeida, Fabio Bartolini, P. Bezák, Marianna Biró, H. Bjørkhaug, Š. Bojnec, Gianluca Brunori, M. Corazzin, M. Czekaj, S. Davidova, J. Kania, Soren Kristensen, Elisa Marraccini, Zsolt Molnar, J. Niedermayr, E. O’Rourke, D. Ortiz-Miranda, M. Redman, T. Sipiläinen, H. Sooväli-Sepping, Sandra Šūmane, Diana Surova, L.A. Sutherland, E. Tcherkezova, T. Tisenkopfs, T. Tsiligiridis, M.M. Tudor, K. Wagner, A. Wästfelt. Typology and distribution of small farms in Europe: Towards a better picture. Land Use Policy. 2018; 75 ():784-798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Guiomar; Sérgio Godinho; Teresa Pinto-Correia; M. Almeida; Fabio Bartolini; P. Bezák; Marianna Biró; H. Bjørkhaug; Š. Bojnec; Gianluca Brunori; M. Corazzin; M. Czekaj; S. Davidova; J. Kania; Soren Kristensen; Elisa Marraccini; Zsolt Molnar; J. Niedermayr; E. O’Rourke; D. Ortiz-Miranda; M. Redman; T. Sipiläinen; H. Sooväli-Sepping; Sandra Šūmane; Diana Surova; L.A. Sutherland; E. Tcherkezova; T. Tisenkopfs; T. Tsiligiridis; M.M. Tudor; K. Wagner; A. Wästfelt. 2018. "Typology and distribution of small farms in Europe: Towards a better picture." Land Use Policy 75, no. : 784-798.
This paper analyses the concept of nature‐based solutions as instruments to turn anthromes more nature‐compatible, efficient, causing less degradation and developing new biodiversity hotspots. It is mainly focused in solutions using living organisms (in particular plants and microorganisms) to perform functions such as those of soil‐ and water‐bioengineering interventions in order to ensure the safety of human infrastructures and constructions in contexts of conflict between natural processes and human needs. Further it handles the problematic of reintroducing natural processes and functions in the built environment (urban, industrial, infrastructures etc.) in order to recover, recreate or reinvent nature in humanized landscapes and developing a more creative relation between humans and natural elements, processes and functions. It presents, furthermore, the contribution of natural solutions to a wide variety of decontamination processes and prevention and recovery of degraded land and natural resources. Finally, it discusses the way these solutions can be implemented and the cultural, organizational, administrative and governance paradigmatic and practice changes it implies. Examples are given on the different issues presented as well on the possible implementation solutions.
João Paulo Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar. Nature-based solutions: The need to increase the knowledge on their potentialities and limits. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 1925 -1939.
AMA StyleJoão Paulo Fernandes, Nuno Guiomar. Nature-based solutions: The need to increase the knowledge on their potentialities and limits. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (6):1925-1939.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Paulo Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar. 2018. "Nature-based solutions: The need to increase the knowledge on their potentialities and limits." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 6: 1925-1939.
Due to their complex structure and traditional low-intensity management, Portuguese oak woodland rangelands known as montados are often considered high nature value (HNV) farming systems, and as such, they may be deemed eligible for subsidies and incentives by governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Too little is known about how the HNV concept might be applied to conserve complex silvopastoral systems. These systems, due to their structural and functional complexity at multiple scales, tend to support high levels of biodiversity. Montados are in sharp decline as a result of the rapid specialization of land management that, through simplification, undermines multifunctionality. Understanding how changes in management influence these systems and their biodiversity is needed for prioritizing conservation efforts and for ensuring they remain HNV systems. On the basis of a field survey in 58 plots distributed among 29 paddocks on 17 farms, we conducted an integrated analysis of the relationship between grazing intensity and biodiversity in montados of similar biophysical and structural characteristics. Data on management were obtained through interviews, and biodiversity data (vegetation, macrofungi, birds, herpetofauna) were obtained through specific field protocols. Additional spatial data, such as soil characteristics, slope, land cover, and linear landscape elements, were also analyzed. The results show no overall biodiversity variation as a result of different management practices. However, different groups of species react differently to specific management practices, and within a pasture, grazing impacts are heterogenous. In low grazing intensity plots, macrofungi species richness was found to be higher, while bird species richness was lower. Using tree regeneration as proxy for montado sustainability, results show less tree regeneration in areas with higher forage quality and more intense grazing. Pathways for future progress are proposed, including creating areas within a paddock that attract grazing away from where regeneration is desired.
T. Pinto-Correia; N. Guiomar; M.I. Ferraz-De-Oliveira; E. Sales-Baptista; J. Rabaça; C. Godinho; N. Ribeiro; P. Sá Sousa; Pedro Santos; Celeste Santos-Silva; M.P. Simões; Anabela Belo; L. Catarino; P. Costa; E. Fonseca; Sérgio Godinho; C. Azeda; M. Almeida; Luis Gomes; J. Lopes De Castro; R. Louro; M. Silvestre; M. Vaz. Progress in Identifying High Nature Value Montados: Impacts of Grazing on Hardwood Rangeland Biodiversity. Rangeland Ecology & Management 2018, 71, 612 -625.
AMA StyleT. Pinto-Correia, N. Guiomar, M.I. Ferraz-De-Oliveira, E. Sales-Baptista, J. Rabaça, C. Godinho, N. Ribeiro, P. Sá Sousa, Pedro Santos, Celeste Santos-Silva, M.P. Simões, Anabela Belo, L. Catarino, P. Costa, E. Fonseca, Sérgio Godinho, C. Azeda, M. Almeida, Luis Gomes, J. Lopes De Castro, R. Louro, M. Silvestre, M. Vaz. Progress in Identifying High Nature Value Montados: Impacts of Grazing on Hardwood Rangeland Biodiversity. Rangeland Ecology & Management. 2018; 71 (5):612-625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Pinto-Correia; N. Guiomar; M.I. Ferraz-De-Oliveira; E. Sales-Baptista; J. Rabaça; C. Godinho; N. Ribeiro; P. Sá Sousa; Pedro Santos; Celeste Santos-Silva; M.P. Simões; Anabela Belo; L. Catarino; P. Costa; E. Fonseca; Sérgio Godinho; C. Azeda; M. Almeida; Luis Gomes; J. Lopes De Castro; R. Louro; M. Silvestre; M. Vaz. 2018. "Progress in Identifying High Nature Value Montados: Impacts of Grazing on Hardwood Rangeland Biodiversity." Rangeland Ecology & Management 71, no. 5: 612-625.
The availability of accurate and updated spatial information of tree cover in semi-arid and arid silvopastoral systems (SPSs) is crucial to understand their spatial patterns and trends. Although remote-sensing techniques have been proved useful in estimating tree canopy cover in general, more research is required to investigate the capabilities of new high spectral and spatial resolution satellites, such as Sentinel-2A, in predicting tree canopy cover in semi-arid environments. The objective of this study was to explore the capabilities of Sentinel-2A multispectral data, in combination with a stochastic modelling technique, for mapping montado tree canopy cover percentage (CCP) at pixel level. The stochastic gradient boosting algorithm was used to predict tree CCP using Sentinel-2A spectral data, vegetation indices, and textural information as predictor variables. The results of the study showed that the combination of multispectral bands with the selected vegetation indices and grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features performs well, presenting a coefficient of determination (R2) of 82.8% and an error prediction of 8.68%. The analysis also showed that normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI), as well as homogeneity texture feature, were the most important predictor variables to undertake the complex montado tree canopy cover estimation. In addition, this study demonstrated the usefulness of narrow spectral bands provided by the Sentinel-2A sensor for accurately estimating tree CCP (e.g. Red Edge1 – B5 – for PSRI and NIR2 – B8a – for NDVI computation). The modelling procedure used here emphasizes the effectiveness of stochastic models for predicting tree canopy cover from a complex semi-arid silvopastoral system by using Sentinel-2A multispectral data.
Sérgio Godinho; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil. Estimating tree canopy cover percentage in a mediterranean silvopastoral systems using Sentinel-2A imagery and the stochastic gradient boosting algorithm. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2017, 39, 4640 -4662.
AMA StyleSérgio Godinho, Nuno Guiomar, Artur Gil. Estimating tree canopy cover percentage in a mediterranean silvopastoral systems using Sentinel-2A imagery and the stochastic gradient boosting algorithm. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2017; 39 (14):4640-4662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSérgio Godinho; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil. 2017. "Estimating tree canopy cover percentage in a mediterranean silvopastoral systems using Sentinel-2A imagery and the stochastic gradient boosting algorithm." International Journal of Remote Sensing 39, no. 14: 4640-4662.
Tiago M. Oliveira; Nuno Guiomar; F. Oliveira Baptista; José Miguel Cardoso Pereira; João Claro. Is Portugal’s forest transition going up in smoke? Land Use Policy 2017, 66, 214 -226.
AMA StyleTiago M. Oliveira, Nuno Guiomar, F. Oliveira Baptista, José Miguel Cardoso Pereira, João Claro. Is Portugal’s forest transition going up in smoke? Land Use Policy. 2017; 66 ():214-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiago M. Oliveira; Nuno Guiomar; F. Oliveira Baptista; José Miguel Cardoso Pereira; João Claro. 2017. "Is Portugal’s forest transition going up in smoke?" Land Use Policy 66, no. : 214-226.
The present study deals with the development of systematic conservation planning as management instrument in small oceanic islands, ensuring open systems of governance, and able to integrate an informed and involved participation of the stakeholders. Marxan software was used to define management areas according a set of alternative land use scenarios considering different conservation and management paradigms. Modeled conservation zones were interpreted and compared with the existing protected areas allowing more fused information for future trade-outs and stakeholder's involvement. The results, allowing the identification of Target Management Units (TMU) based on the consideration of different development scenarios proved to be consistent with a feasible development of evaluation approaches able to support sound governance systems. Moreover, the detailed geographic identification of TMU seems to be able to support participated policies towards a more sustainable management of the entire island.
João Paulo Fernandes; M. Freire; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil. Using modeling tools for implementing feasible land use and nature conservation governance systems in small islands – The Pico Island (Azores) case-study. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 189, 1 -13.
AMA StyleJoão Paulo Fernandes, M. Freire, Nuno Guiomar, Artur Gil. Using modeling tools for implementing feasible land use and nature conservation governance systems in small islands – The Pico Island (Azores) case-study. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 189 ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Paulo Fernandes; M. Freire; Nuno Guiomar; Artur Gil. 2017. "Using modeling tools for implementing feasible land use and nature conservation governance systems in small islands – The Pico Island (Azores) case-study." Journal of Environmental Management 189, no. : 1-13.
Paulo M. Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar; Paulo Mateus; Tiago Oliveira. On the reactive nature of forest fire-related legislation in Portugal: A comment on Mourão and Martinho (2016). Land Use Policy 2017, 60, 12 -15.
AMA StylePaulo M. Fernandes, Nuno Guiomar, Paulo Mateus, Tiago Oliveira. On the reactive nature of forest fire-related legislation in Portugal: A comment on Mourão and Martinho (2016). Land Use Policy. 2017; 60 ():12-15.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulo M. Fernandes; Nuno Guiomar; Paulo Mateus; Tiago Oliveira. 2017. "On the reactive nature of forest fire-related legislation in Portugal: A comment on Mourão and Martinho (2016)." Land Use Policy 60, no. : 12-15.