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Dr. Aung Naing
Kyungpook National University

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Plant Sciences, plant biology, plant biotechnology, Plant Molecular Biology, Plant and Environment, Plant Developmental Biology, Microbiology and Phycology, Plant Pathology and Mycology, Plant Diseases and Bryology
0 Horticulture postharvest handling
0 Plant Sciences
0 Genome editing, genetic engineering, transgenic technology, Agrobacterium, genetic transformation, metabolic engineering
0 Abiotic Stress Tolerance mechanisms

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Abiotic Stress Tolerance mechanisms

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Journal article
Published: 02 August 2021 in Horticulturae
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We examined the effects of different sucrose concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7%) on anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth in wild type (WT) and transgenic (T2) torenia cultivar “Kauai Rose” overexpressing the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Sucrose increased anthocyanin production in both WT and transgenic plants, with higher anthocyanin production in transgenic plants compared to WT plants. Higher sucrose concentrations increased production of anthocyanin in transgenic and WT plants, with increased anthocyanin production associated with increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Higher sucrose concentrations reduced growth of WT and transgenic plants. Our results indicate that sucrose enhances anthocyanin production in torenia by regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.

ACS Style

Aung Naing; Junping Xu; Kyeung Park; Mi Chung; Chang Kim. Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 219 .

AMA Style

Aung Naing, Junping Xu, Kyeung Park, Mi Chung, Chang Kim. Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (8):219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Naing; Junping Xu; Kyeung Park; Mi Chung; Chang Kim. 2021. "Sucrose Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Torenia by Promoting Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes." Horticulturae 7, no. 8: 219.

Study protocol
Published: 15 April 2021 in Horticulturae
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In this study, whether the addition of antifreeze protein (AFP) to a cryopreservative solution (plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2)) is more effective in reducing freezing injuries in Hosta capitata than PVS2 alone at different cold exposure times (6, 24, and 48 h) is investigated. The upregulation of C-repeat binding factor 1 (CBF1) and dehydrin 1 (DHN1) in response to low temperature was observed in shoots. Shoots treated with distilled water (dH2O) strongly triggered gene expression 6 h after cold exposure, which was higher than those expressed in PVS2 and PVS2+AFP. However, 24 h after cold exposure, gene expressions detected in dH2O and PVS2 treatments were similar and higher than PVS2 + AFP. The expression was highest in PVS2+AFP when the exposure time was extended to 48 h. Similarly, nitric reductase activities 1 and 2 (Nia1 and Nia2) genes, which are responsible for nitric oxide production, were also upregulated in low-temperature-treated shoots, as observed for CBF1 and DHN1 expression patterns during cold exposure periods. Based on the gene expression patterns, shoots treated with PVS2+AFP were more likely to resist cold stress, which was also associated with the higher cryopreservation efficiency of PVS2+AFP compared to PVS2 alone. This finding suggests that the improvement of cryopreservation efficiency by AFP could be due to the transcriptional regulation of CBF1, DHN1, Nia1, and Nia2, which might reduce freezing injuries during cryopreservation. Thus, AFP could be potentially used as a cryoprotectant in the cryopreservation of rare and commercially important plant germplasm.

ACS Style

Phyo Pe; Aung Naing; Chang Kim; Kyeung Park. Antifreeze Protein Improves the Cryopreservation Efficiency of Hosta capitata by Regulating the Genes Involved in the Low-Temperature Tolerance Mechanism. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 82 .

AMA Style

Phyo Pe, Aung Naing, Chang Kim, Kyeung Park. Antifreeze Protein Improves the Cryopreservation Efficiency of Hosta capitata by Regulating the Genes Involved in the Low-Temperature Tolerance Mechanism. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (4):82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phyo Pe; Aung Naing; Chang Kim; Kyeung Park. 2021. "Antifreeze Protein Improves the Cryopreservation Efficiency of Hosta capitata by Regulating the Genes Involved in the Low-Temperature Tolerance Mechanism." Horticulturae 7, no. 4: 82.

Minireview
Published: 19 February 2021 in Physiologia Plantarum
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Abiotic stress, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly extreme worldwide due to the ongoing deterioration of the global climate and the increase in agrochemical utilization and industrialization. Plants grown in fields are affected by one or more abiotic stresses. The consequent stress response of plants induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are then used as signaling molecules to activate stress‐tolerance mechanism. However, under extreme stress conditions, ROS are overproduced and cause oxidative damage to plants. In such conditions, plants produce anthocyanins after ROS signaling via the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. These anthocyanins are then utilized in antioxidant activities by scavenging excess ROS for their sustainability. In this review, we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we highlight the current progress in the development of anthocyanin‐enriched transgenic plants and their ability to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, this review provides valuable information that increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins respond to abiotic stress and protect plants against it. This review also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are engineering stress‐tolerant crops using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.

ACS Style

Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Physiologia Plantarum 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Physiologia Plantarum. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2021. "Abiotic stress‐induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses." Physiologia Plantarum , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2020 in Biology
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Despite the increasing use of protoplasts in plant biotechnology research, shoot regeneration from protoplasts remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the factors involved in protoplast isolation, callus induction, and shoot regeneration in Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose. The following conditions were found to be most optimal for protoplast yield and viability: 0.6 M mannitol, 2.0% cellulase, and 6 h digestion time. A plating density of 10 × 104 protoplasts/mL under osmoticum condition (0.58 M mannitol) showed high microcolony viability in liquid culture. The Kao and Michayluk medium was found to be appropriate for callus proliferation from microcalli under a 16-h light photoperiod. Calli cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/L 3-indole butyric acid showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots obtained per explant. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis showed that the protoplast-derived shoots exhibited the same banding patterns as those of donor plants. Collectively, these findings can contribute to solving problems encountered in protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration in other petunia cultivars and related species. As the protocol developed by us is highly reproducible, it can be applied in biotechnology research on P. hybrida cv. Mirage Rose.

ACS Style

Hyun Hee Kang; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast Isolation and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Callus of Petunia hybrida Cv. Mirage Rose. Biology 2020, 9, 228 .

AMA Style

Hyun Hee Kang, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast Isolation and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Callus of Petunia hybrida Cv. Mirage Rose. Biology. 2020; 9 (8):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun Hee Kang; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Protoplast Isolation and Shoot Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Callus of Petunia hybrida Cv. Mirage Rose." Biology 9, no. 8: 228.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Plants
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This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of shoot regeneration from different leaf types (normal leaves and vitrified leaves) from three different carnation cultivars ‘Kumbuyl’, ‘Denev’, and ‘Jinju’ using different combinations of 3-indole butyric acid (IBA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations. The shoot tips cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media (Type 1 media) produced normal leaves, while those cultured-on media supplemented with plant growth regulators and/or vitamin (Type 2 media and Type 3 media) produced vitrified leaves for all cultivars. Culture of normal leaf segments on MS medium containing different combinations of IBA and TDZ concentrations induced callus in all treatments; however, the callus was unable to induce shoots and finally became necrotic. In contrast, no callus induction was observed in the control (hormone-free treatment). When vitrified leaf segments underwent the same treatments, shoots were induced from the vitrified leaves (derived from Type 2 media) but were unhealthy and gradually died, whereas those induced from Type 3 media were vitrified and healthy. The optimal combination for the best shoot regeneration and number of shoots per explants varied depending on the genotypes used. The vitrified shoots induced from the leaves of Type 3 media transformed into normal shoots and survived well under greenhouse conditions. According to the results of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, the banding patterns of twelve primers that were detected in vitrified leaf-induced normalized shoots were identical to those of normal in vitro grown plants, indicating that no genetic variation had occurred during the procedure. Taken together, this study indicates that vitrified leaves can be used for shoot regeneration of recalcitrant carnation cultivars, regardless of the genotypes and types of vitrified leaves. However, as the number of shoots per explants was still low, further investigation is warranted to obtain a more efficient shoot regeneration protocol for genetic transformation of the cultivars.

ACS Style

Ho Thi Minh Thu; Aung Htay Naing; Hui Yeong Jeong; Chang Kil Kim. Regeneration of Genetically Stable Plants from in Vitro Vitrified Leaves of Different Carnation Cultivars. Plants 2020, 9, 950 .

AMA Style

Ho Thi Minh Thu, Aung Htay Naing, Hui Yeong Jeong, Chang Kil Kim. Regeneration of Genetically Stable Plants from in Vitro Vitrified Leaves of Different Carnation Cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho Thi Minh Thu; Aung Htay Naing; Hui Yeong Jeong; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Regeneration of Genetically Stable Plants from in Vitro Vitrified Leaves of Different Carnation Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 8: 950.

Original article
Published: 31 March 2020 in Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)
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In this study, we sought to optimize the isolation of protoplasts from chrysanthemums by manipulating the mannitol and cellulase levels, the incubation period, and the purification method, followed by the conversion of the protoplasts into calli and shoots. A high protoplast yield was achieved using 0.5 M mannitol, 1.5% cellulase, and a 4 h incubation period. Cell wall regeneration was observed after 3 days, with the first cell division occurring approximately 4–5 days after culturing. The addition of sucrose to the culture media was more beneficial than glucose; in sucrose media the protoplasts grew more rapidly and successfully reached the colony and microcalli stage. The addition of activated charcoal to the culture improved colony and microcalli formation. Greater proliferation of microcalli was also achieved using solid Murashige & Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1 mg l−1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2 mg l−1 Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The calli produced shoots THE on media supplemented with 2 mg l− 1 BA and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. These findings could facilitate further chrysanthemum protoplast-based research.

ACS Style

Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli of Chrysanthemum cv. White ND. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2020, 141, 571 -581.

AMA Style

Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli of Chrysanthemum cv. White ND. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2020; 141 (3):571-581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oluwaseun Suleimon Adedeji; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2020. "Protoplast isolation and shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli of Chrysanthemum cv. White ND." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 141, no. 3: 571-581.

Short communication
Published: 24 October 2019 in Plant Signaling & Behavior
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This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of antifreeze proteins (AFPs; type I and III) in the germination mechanism of tomato seeds under low temperature stress. Germination of the seeds grown at a room temperature (25°C) was observed on 5 days after sowing (DAS), while all seeds exposed to a low temperature started to germinate at 16 days after sowing (DAS). However, in comparison with control seeds (0 µg/l), seeds treated with AFP I (100, 300, or 500 µg/l) germinated earlier and at a higher percentage until 20 DAS, and seeds treated with 100 µg/l AFP I showed the highest percentage of germination. Surprisingly, AFP III did not significantly increase germination, and the rate was lower among 500 µg/l AFP III-treated seeds compared with control seeds (0 µg/l). The transcription levels of the plasma membrane-associated H+-ATPase gene and antioxidant-related superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase 1 (CAT1) genes were analyzed, and the transcription levels of the genes in the seeds grown at 25°C were relatively low. For low temperature-treated seeds, H+-ATPase in control seeds (0 µg/l) was higher compared with that in AFP I-treated seeds and was lower compared with that in AFP III-treated seeds. The expression levels of the antioxidant-related genes (SOD and CAT1) were lower in AFP I-treated seeds than in control seeds (0 µg/l); however, they were higher in AFP III-treated seeds than in control seeds (0 µg/l). Overall, compared with AFP III, AFP I may potentially function as a cold-protective agent by modulating the genes associated with seed germination.

ACS Style

Swum Yi Kyu; Aung Htay Naing; Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. Tomato seeds pretreated with Antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) promotes the germination under cold stress by regulating the genes involved in germination process. Plant Signaling & Behavior 2019, 14, 1682796 .

AMA Style

Swum Yi Kyu, Aung Htay Naing, Phyo Phyo Win Pe, Kyeung Il Park, Chang Kil Kim. Tomato seeds pretreated with Antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) promotes the germination under cold stress by regulating the genes involved in germination process. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 2019; 14 (12):1682796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Swum Yi Kyu; Aung Htay Naing; Phyo Phyo Win Pe; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. 2019. "Tomato seeds pretreated with Antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) promotes the germination under cold stress by regulating the genes involved in germination process." Plant Signaling & Behavior 14, no. 12: 1682796.

Research article
Published: 20 June 2019 in Plant Biotechnology Journal
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The genes that encode the ethylene biosynthesis enzyme 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase (ACO) are thought to be involved in flower senescence. Hence, we investigated whether the transcript levels of PhACO genes (PhACO1, PhACO3, and PhACO4) in Petunia cv. Mirage Rose are associated with ethylene production at different flowering stages. High transcript levels were detected in the late flowering stage and linked to high ethylene levels. PhACO1 was subsequently edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its role in ethylene production was investigated. PhACO1‐edited T0mutant lines, regardless of mutant type (homozygous or monoallelic), exhibited significantly reduced ethylene production and enhanced flower longevity compared to wild‐type (WT). Flower longevity and the reduction in ethylene production were observed to be stronger in homozygous plants than in their monoallelic counterparts. Additionally, the transmission of the edited gene to theT1 (lines 6 and 36) generation was also confirmed, with the results for flower longevity and ethylene production proving to be identical to those of the T0 mutant lines. Overall, this study increases the understanding of the role of PhACO1 in petunia flower longevity and also points to the CRISPR/Cas9 system being a powerful tool in the improvement of floricultural quality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Junping Xu; Beum‐Chang Kang; Aung Htay Naing; Su‐Ji Bae; Jin‐Soo Kim; Hyeran Kim; Chang Kil Kim. CRISPR /Cas9‐mediated editing of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase1 enhances Petunia flower longevity. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2019, 18, 287 -297.

AMA Style

Junping Xu, Beum‐Chang Kang, Aung Htay Naing, Su‐Ji Bae, Jin‐Soo Kim, Hyeran Kim, Chang Kil Kim. CRISPR /Cas9‐mediated editing of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase1 enhances Petunia flower longevity. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2019; 18 (1):287-297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junping Xu; Beum‐Chang Kang; Aung Htay Naing; Su‐Ji Bae; Jin‐Soo Kim; Hyeran Kim; Chang Kil Kim. 2019. "CRISPR /Cas9‐mediated editing of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase1 enhances Petunia flower longevity." Plant Biotechnology Journal 18, no. 1: 287-297.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2019 in Plant Methods
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As strawberries are susceptible to somaclonal variation when propagated by tissue culture techniques, it is challenging to obtain the true-to-type plants necessary for continuous production of fruits of stable quality. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vitro propagation method for the production of true-to-type plants of five different strawberry cultivars from meristems cultured in media containing different concentrations of kinetin (Kn). For all the cultivars, shoot induction was successful only in the meristems cultured in the medium without Kn and the medium containing 0.5 mg L−1 Kn. The shoots obtained from explants cultured in media supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 Kn exhibited better plant growth parameters than those cultured in media without Kn and were genetically stable when compared with conventionally propagated plants for all the cultivars. Vegetative and sexual characters and fruit quality attributes observed in the plants derived from meristems cultured on 0.5 mg L−1 Kn and the conventionally propagated plants were not significantly different when grown for three continuous growing seasons under greenhouse conditions. The culture of meristems in the medium containing 0.5 mg L−1 Kn is suitable for the efficient propagation of true-to-type plants of different strawberry cultivars and continuous production of fruits with stable quality. Hence, we expect that the method presented in this study will be helpful for the commercial production of true-to-type plants generated in vitro for other strawberry cultivars.

ACS Style

Aung Htay Naing; Si Hyun Kim; Mi Young Chung; Soon Ki Park; Chang Kil Kim. In vitro propagation method for production of morphologically and genetically stable plants of different strawberry cultivars. Plant Methods 2019, 15, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Aung Htay Naing, Si Hyun Kim, Mi Young Chung, Soon Ki Park, Chang Kil Kim. In vitro propagation method for production of morphologically and genetically stable plants of different strawberry cultivars. Plant Methods. 2019; 15 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Htay Naing; Si Hyun Kim; Mi Young Chung; Soon Ki Park; Chang Kil Kim. 2019. "In vitro propagation method for production of morphologically and genetically stable plants of different strawberry cultivars." Plant Methods 15, no. 1: 1-10.

Short reports
Published: 10 November 2018 in 3 Biotech
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This study was conducted to examine the role of the transcription factors (TFs), RsMYB1 and mPAP1 together with B-Peru (mPAP1 + B-Peru), in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in the ornamental torenia (Torenia fournieri) cultivar Kauai Rose using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression levels of RsMYB1 were the highest in the lines RS5 and RS3, followed by RS4, RS2, and RS1, while transcript levels of mPAP1 + B-Peru increased in the order of PB-6 > PB-5 > PB-7 > PB-8 > PB-2. Moreover, transcript levels of the anthocyanin structural genes in transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in wild-type (WT) plants. Anthocyanin structural gene expression was specifically altered by TF overexpression: the highest expression of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) was observed in transgenic lines with RsMYB1, while expression of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) was the highest in lines with mPAP1 + B-Peru. We expect that enhanced expression of these anthocyanin structural genes will improve anthocyanin content in the flowers of transgenic torenia. Moreover, these results indicate that RsMYB1 and mPAP1 + B-Peru can be exploited as anthocyanin regulatory TFs to enhance anthocyanin content in other horticultural plants.

ACS Style

Xu Junping; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Transcriptional activation of anthocyanin structural genes in Torenia ‘Kauai Rose’ via overexpression of anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors. 3 Biotech 2018, 8, 476 .

AMA Style

Xu Junping, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Transcriptional activation of anthocyanin structural genes in Torenia ‘Kauai Rose’ via overexpression of anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8 (11):476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu Junping; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2018. "Transcriptional activation of anthocyanin structural genes in Torenia ‘Kauai Rose’ via overexpression of anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors." 3 Biotech 8, no. 11: 476.

Original article
Published: 30 August 2018 in 3 Biotech
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We investigated the expression of anthocyanin structural genes and transcription factors (TFs) associated with varying anthocyanin content during different developmental stages (S1–S4) of the gerbera cultivars ‘Nathasha’ and ‘Rosalin’. Accumulation of anthocyanin started at S1 and reached a maximum at S3 in both cultivars. Enhancement of anthocyanin content in ‘Nathasha’ was associated with upregulation of ANS and MYB10, whereas in ‘Rosalin’, upregulation was associated with CHS1, MYB10, and MYC1. Low-temperature exposure (6 °C) enhanced anthocyanin content to a greater extent than that at 22 °C via stronger upregulation of CHS1 and MYB10 in ‘Nathasha’ and CHS1 in ‘Rosalin’, irrespective of flower developmental stage. However, differences in anthocyanin content between the two cultivars were found to be influenced by the expression levels of all structural genes and TFs, irrespective of flower developmental stage and temperature conditions. We suggest that differences in the regulation mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis and coloration pattern between ‘Nathasha’ and ‘Rosalin’ are related to differences in the expression patterns of structural genes and TFs; however, further functional studies of the key genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis are needed.

ACS Style

Aung Htay Naing; Da Young Park; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. Differential expression of anthocyanin structural genes and transcription factors determines coloration patterns in gerbera flowers. 3 Biotech 2018, 8, 393 .

AMA Style

Aung Htay Naing, Da Young Park, Kyeung Il Park, Chang Kil Kim. Differential expression of anthocyanin structural genes and transcription factors determines coloration patterns in gerbera flowers. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8 (9):393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Htay Naing; Da Young Park; Kyeung Il Park; Chang Kil Kim. 2018. "Differential expression of anthocyanin structural genes and transcription factors determines coloration patterns in gerbera flowers." 3 Biotech 8, no. 9: 393.

Review
Published: 30 August 2018 in Plant Molecular Biology
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This review contains functional roles of MYB transcription factors in the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in horticultural plants. This review describes potential uses of MYB TFs as tools for metabolic engineering for anthocyanin production. Anthocyanins (ranging from red to blue) are controlled by specific branches of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and are mostly visible in ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. In the present review, we describe which R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) control the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin structural genes involved in the specific branches of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in various horticultural plants (e.g., ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables). In addition, some MYBs responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in specific tissues are described. Moreover, we highlight the phylogenetic relationships of the MYBs that suppress or promote anthocyanin synthesis in horticultural crops. Enhancement of anthocyanin synthesis via metabolic genetic engineering of anthocyanin MYBs, which is described in the review, is indicative of the potential use of the mentioned anthocyanin-related MYBs as tools for anthocyanin production. Therefore, the MYBs would be suitable for metabolic genetic engineering for improvement of flower colors, fruit quality, and vegetable nutrients.

ACS Style

Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Roles of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in horticultural plants. Plant Molecular Biology 2018, 98, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Roles of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in horticultural plants. Plant Molecular Biology. 2018; 98 (1-2):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2018. "Roles of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in horticultural plants." Plant Molecular Biology 98, no. 1-2: 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2018 in Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Deuk Bum Lee; Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. Effect of pH on the expression of RsMYB1 that regulates anthocyanin production in Petunia plants. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2018, 45, 30 -35.

AMA Style

Deuk Bum Lee, Trinh Ngoc Ai, Aung Htay Naing, Chang Kil Kim. Effect of pH on the expression of RsMYB1 that regulates anthocyanin production in Petunia plants. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2018; 45 (1):30-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deuk Bum Lee; Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Chang Kil Kim. 2018. "Effect of pH on the expression of RsMYB1 that regulates anthocyanin production in Petunia plants." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 45, no. 1: 30-35.

Other
Published: 22 March 2018
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The RsMYB1 transcription factor (TF) controls the regulation of anthocyanin in radish (Raphanus sativus), and its overexpression in tobacco and petunia strongly enhances anthocyanin production. However, no data exists on whether RsMYB1 is involved in the mechanism that leads to abiotic stress tolerance. Under normal conditions, transgenic petunia plants expressing RsMYB1 and WT were able to thrive by producing well-developed broad leaves and regular roots. In contrast, a reduction in plant growth was observed when they were exposed to heavy metals (CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4, and K2Cr2O7). However, RsMYB1-overexpressing plants were found to be more tolerant to the stresses than the WT plants because the expressions of stress tolerant genes (GSH and PCs) and antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, and POX) were enhanced. In addition, according to the phylogenetic analysis, RsMYB1 has a strong sequence similarity with other MYB TFs that confer different abiotic stresses. These results suggest that overexpression of RsMYB1 enhances the expression levels of metal-induced stress tolerance genes and antioxidant genes, and the resultant increase in gene expression improves heavy metal stress tolerance in petunia.

ACS Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Byung-Wook Yun; Chang Kil Kim. Overexpression of RsMYB1 enhances heavy metal stress tolerance in transgenic petunia by elevating the transcript levels of stress tolerant and antioxidant genes. 2018, 286849 .

AMA Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai, Aung Htay Naing, Byung-Wook Yun, Chang Kil Kim. Overexpression of RsMYB1 enhances heavy metal stress tolerance in transgenic petunia by elevating the transcript levels of stress tolerant and antioxidant genes. . 2018; ():286849.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Byung-Wook Yun; Chang Kil Kim. 2018. "Overexpression of RsMYB1 enhances heavy metal stress tolerance in transgenic petunia by elevating the transcript levels of stress tolerant and antioxidant genes." , no. : 286849.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2017 in BMC Plant Biology
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Rosea1 (Ros1) and Delila (Del) co-expression controls anthocyanin accumulation in snapdragon flowers, while their overexpression in tomato strongly induces anthocyanin accumulation. However, little data exist on how Del expression alone influences anthocyanin accumulation. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ‘Xanthi’), Del expression enhanced leaf and flower anthocyanin production through regulating NtCHS, NtCHI, NtF3H, NtDFR, and NtANS transcript levels. Transgenic lines displayed different anthocyanin colors (e.g., pale red: T0-P, red: T0-R, and strong red: T0-S), resulting from varying levels of biosynthetic gene transcripts. Under salt stress, the T2 generation had higher total polyphenol content, radical (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging activities, antioxidant-related gene expression, as well as overall greater salt and drought tolerance than wild type (WT). We propose that Del overexpression elevates transcript levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic and antioxidant-related genes, leading to enhanced anthocyanin production and antioxidant activity. The resultant increase of anthocyanin and antioxidant activity improves abiotic stress tolerance.

ACS Style

Aung Htay Naing; Kyeung Il Park; Trinh Ngoc Ai; Mi Young Chung; Jeung Sul Han; Young-Wha Kang; Ki Byung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. Overexpression of snapdragon Delila (Del) gene in tobacco enhances anthocyanin accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance. BMC Plant Biology 2017, 17, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Aung Htay Naing, Kyeung Il Park, Trinh Ngoc Ai, Mi Young Chung, Jeung Sul Han, Young-Wha Kang, Ki Byung Lim, Chang Kil Kim. Overexpression of snapdragon Delila (Del) gene in tobacco enhances anthocyanin accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance. BMC Plant Biology. 2017; 17 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Htay Naing; Kyeung Il Park; Trinh Ngoc Ai; Mi Young Chung; Jeung Sul Han; Young-Wha Kang; Ki Byung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. 2017. "Overexpression of snapdragon Delila (Del) gene in tobacco enhances anthocyanin accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance." BMC Plant Biology 17, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Muthukrishnan Arun; Aung Htay Naing; Su Min Jeon; Trinh Ngoc Ai; Thanda Aye; Chang Kil Kim. Sodium nitroprusside stimulates growth and shoot regeneration in chrysanthemum. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2017, 58, 78 -84.

AMA Style

Muthukrishnan Arun, Aung Htay Naing, Su Min Jeon, Trinh Ngoc Ai, Thanda Aye, Chang Kil Kim. Sodium nitroprusside stimulates growth and shoot regeneration in chrysanthemum. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2017; 58 (1):78-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muthukrishnan Arun; Aung Htay Naing; Su Min Jeon; Trinh Ngoc Ai; Thanda Aye; Chang Kil Kim. 2017. "Sodium nitroprusside stimulates growth and shoot regeneration in chrysanthemum." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 58, no. 1: 78-84.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2016 in Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Mi Young Chung; Aung Htay Naing; Khadiza Khatun; Hyung Geun Ahn; Ki Byung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. In vitro propagation ofPhaleonopsishybrid ‘Little gem’ by culturing apical part and axillary bud of flower stalk. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2016, 43, 438 -443.

AMA Style

Mi Young Chung, Aung Htay Naing, Khadiza Khatun, Hyung Geun Ahn, Ki Byung Lim, Chang Kil Kim. In vitro propagation ofPhaleonopsishybrid ‘Little gem’ by culturing apical part and axillary bud of flower stalk. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2016; 43 (4):438-443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mi Young Chung; Aung Htay Naing; Khadiza Khatun; Hyung Geun Ahn; Ki Byung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. 2016. "In vitro propagation ofPhaleonopsishybrid ‘Little gem’ by culturing apical part and axillary bud of flower stalk." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 43, no. 4: 438-443.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2016 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Anthocyanin production enhanced by heterologous expression of R2R3 MYB transcription factors has been studied. However, little is known about validated information on the ability of RsMYB (an MYB gene from radish) to enhance anthocyanin production in a heterologous system. In the present study, heterologous expression of RsMYB1 in Petunia hybrida ‘Mirage Rose’ enhanced anthocyanin production in vegetative and floral tissues such as leaves, stems, roots, and petals by transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and endogenous antocyanin regulatory genes. Line PM6 expressed higher transcript levels of RsMYB1 than line PM2 and regulated transcript levels of the investigated genes largely than line PM2, whereas those regulated in wild type (WT) plants were the lowest. In addition, transcript levels of the genes detected using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were found to be higher in petals, followed by leaves, stems and roots. Taken together, our results suggest that RsMYB1 enhances anthocyanin production in vegetative and floral tissues of this cultivar, thus, we expect that heterologous expression of RsMYB1 would help to modify flower color of other ornamental plants as well.

ACS Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Muthukrishnan Arun; Su Min Jeon; Chang Kil Kim. Expression of RsMYB1 in Petunia enhances anthocyanin production in vegetative and floral tissues. Scientia Horticulturae 2016, 214, 58 -65.

AMA Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai, Aung Htay Naing, Muthukrishnan Arun, Su Min Jeon, Chang Kil Kim. Expression of RsMYB1 in Petunia enhances anthocyanin production in vegetative and floral tissues. Scientia Horticulturae. 2016; 214 ():58-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Muthukrishnan Arun; Su Min Jeon; Chang Kil Kim. 2016. "Expression of RsMYB1 in Petunia enhances anthocyanin production in vegetative and floral tissues." Scientia Horticulturae 214, no. : 58-65.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Plant Science
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The effects of three different sucrose concentrations on plant growth and anthocyanin accumulation were examined in non-transgenic (NT) and transgenic (T2) specimens of the Petunia hybrida cultivar ‘Mirage rose’ that carried the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Anthocyanin accumulation was not observed in NT plants in any treatments, whereas a range of anthocyanin accumulation was observed in transgenic plants. The anthocyanin content detected in transgenic plants expressing the anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors (B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1) was higher than that in NT plants. In addition, increasing sucrose concentration strongly enhanced anthocyanin content as shown by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, wherein increased concentrations of sucrose enhanced transcript levels of the transcription factors that are responsible for the induction of biosynthetic genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis; this pattern was not observed in NT plants. In addition, sucrose affected plant growth, although the effects were different between NT and transgenic plants. Taken together, the application of sucrose could enhance anthocyanin production in vegetative tissue of transgenic Petunia carrying anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors, and this study provides insights about interactive effects of sucrose and transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the transgenic plant.

ACS Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Muthukrishnan Arun; Sun-Hyung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. Sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in vegetative tissue of Petunia plants requires anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors. Plant Science 2016, 252, 144 -150.

AMA Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai, Aung Htay Naing, Muthukrishnan Arun, Sun-Hyung Lim, Chang Kil Kim. Sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in vegetative tissue of Petunia plants requires anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors. Plant Science. 2016; 252 ():144-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trinh Ngoc Ai; Aung Htay Naing; Muthukrishnan Arun; Sun-Hyung Lim; Chang Kil Kim. 2016. "Sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in vegetative tissue of Petunia plants requires anthocyanin regulatory transcription factors." Plant Science 252, no. : 144-150.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Canadian Journal of Plant Science
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The effects of supplementary lighting with high-pressure sodium (HSP) lamps alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2) on the growth, yield, and flower stem quality of two rose cultivars (‘Loving Heart’ and ‘Top Grace’) were studied. Compared to natural lighting (control), supplementary lighting alone was beneficial for plant growth, and it increased plant height, stem diameter, and the number of axillary shoots. Furthermore, increases in flower stem yield (>70 cm), flower stem diameter, fresh weight, and the number of petals per flower were also observed. The combination of supplementary lighting and CO2 significantly enhanced all of the studied parameters compared to supplementary lighting alone. Moreover, stomatal density and chlorophyll fluorescence were seemingly affected by either supplementary lighting alone or in combination with CO2. This is the first study to examine the beneficial effects of combined supplementary lighting and CO2 conditions, and the resulting information is essential to rose growers and commercial production.

ACS Style

Aung Htay Naing; Su Min Jeon; Jun Seong Park; Chang Kil Kim. Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2 on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 2016, 96, 503 -510.

AMA Style

Aung Htay Naing, Su Min Jeon, Jun Seong Park, Chang Kil Kim. Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2 on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 2016; 96 (3):503-510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung Htay Naing; Su Min Jeon; Jun Seong Park; Chang Kil Kim. 2016. "Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2 on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 3: 503-510.