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The continuous spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is causing people to feel anxiety and stress. This study constructs a four-layer research model to examine how a 360° virtual tour can reduce people's psychological stress through two types of presence (the sense of presence and telepresence) and affective-motivational states (enjoyment and involvement) in this extraordinary period of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to test the moderating effect of involvement, partial least squares (PLS) analysis is employed to analyse valid data collected from 235 individuals. The results of this study indicate that telepresence has a higher impact in generating affective-motivational states than the sense of presence. Among the factors, enjoyment shows the highest effect on satisfaction with the 360° virtual tour experience and stress reduction; involvement moderates the effect of telepresence on satisfaction with the 360° virtual tour experience. This study also contributes to virtual reality research by distinguishing the concepts of ‘sense of presence’ and ‘telepresence’ as well as demonstrating the mechanisms whereby virtual reality technology influences people's psychological well-being. Timely recommendations are provided for people in order to reduce psychological stress during and after COVID-19 pandemic.
Ting Yang; Ivan Ka Wai Lai; Zhao Bin Fan; Qing Min Mo. The impact of a 360° virtual tour on the reduction of psychological stress caused by COVID-19. Technology in Society 2021, 64, 101514 -101514.
AMA StyleTing Yang, Ivan Ka Wai Lai, Zhao Bin Fan, Qing Min Mo. The impact of a 360° virtual tour on the reduction of psychological stress caused by COVID-19. Technology in Society. 2021; 64 ():101514-101514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTing Yang; Ivan Ka Wai Lai; Zhao Bin Fan; Qing Min Mo. 2021. "The impact of a 360° virtual tour on the reduction of psychological stress caused by COVID-19." Technology in Society 64, no. : 101514-101514.
One of the most interesting and debateable topics in China’s economic growth is whether China’s economy would be hindered by a middle-income trap. This paper addresses this topic by analyzing the link between international skilled migration and the middle-income trap. Our study has extended the model proposed by [De la Croix, D. and Docquier F. (2012). Do Brain Drain and Poverty Result from Coordination Failures? Journal of Economic Growth, 17(1) 1–26.] and accounted for the importance of heterogeneity of human capital emphasized by [Jones, F. (2008). The Knowledge Trap: Human Capital and Development Reconsidered. NBER Working Paper No. 14138, Northwestern University.] Results have demonstrated that in the presence of externalities in the formation of human capital, there possibly exist four steady-state development paths in the dynamic system due to coordination failures. These four paths include: (i) the unskilled labor equilibrium which is characterized by low-income and significant loss of skilled labor, (ii) the generalist equilibrium with lower-middle income and significant loss of specialists, (iii) the specialist equilibrium with the characteristics of upper-middle income and significant loss of generalists; and (iv) the skilled equilibrium with high income and insignificant loss of skilled workers. Amongst them, the generalist equilibrium and specialist equilibrium represent two types of middle-income trap.
Zhaobin Fan; Hui Li. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HUMAN CAPITAL COMPOSITION AND MIDDLE-INCOME TRAPS. The Singapore Economic Review 2019, 64, 883 -897.
AMA StyleZhaobin Fan, Hui Li. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HUMAN CAPITAL COMPOSITION AND MIDDLE-INCOME TRAPS. The Singapore Economic Review. 2019; 64 (4):883-897.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaobin Fan; Hui Li. 2019. "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, HUMAN CAPITAL COMPOSITION AND MIDDLE-INCOME TRAPS." The Singapore Economic Review 64, no. 4: 883-897.
This paper investigates the role of FDI in international knowledge diffusion with a focus on the evolution of the comparative advantage of FDI-host and FDI-source countries. We use data on 99 countries, which leads to 876 country pairs, over the 2001 to 2012 period. Spatial autoregressive (SAR) models are used to investigate the impact of bilateral FDI on the similarity of the comparative advantage between the host and source countries. Empirical results show that the effect of the bilateral FDI on the evolution of the comparative advantage of the host and source countries is statistically significant. Specifically, the larger the scale of bilateral FDI, the more similar the comparative advantage between the host and source countries becomes. We also find that the impact of FDI on international knowledge diffusion is heterogeneous across country pairs and this effect varies across the development gap between the source and host countries. In the case of countries that are not very different in terms of their level of economic development, bilateral FDI has a relatively more significant effect on the similarity of the comparative advantage between countries. Moreover, we find that the similarity of the comparative advantage is spatially correlated, and FDI linkages between country pairs strengthen the spatial correlations.
Zhaobin Fan; Hui Li; Lin Pan. FDI and International Knowledge Diffusion: An Examination of the Evolution of Comparative Advantage. Sustainability 2019, 11, 581 .
AMA StyleZhaobin Fan, Hui Li, Lin Pan. FDI and International Knowledge Diffusion: An Examination of the Evolution of Comparative Advantage. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):581.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaobin Fan; Hui Li; Lin Pan. 2019. "FDI and International Knowledge Diffusion: An Examination of the Evolution of Comparative Advantage." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 581.
Trade in cultural goods is making an increasingly significant contribution to international trade, but its flows are very uneven across regions, which has raised concerns over cultural homogenization. This paper considers various aspects of national culture as possible explanations for comparative advantage in cultural goods. Using data from 98 countries over the period 2004 to 2014, and employing Hofstede’s multidimensional approach to culture, we test the relationship between the dimensions of national culture and comparative advantage in cultural goods. We find that the cultural dimensions of individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence are positively associated, whereas the cultural dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance are negatively associated with comparative advantage in cultural goods.
Zhaobin Fan; Shujuan Huang; W. Robert J. Alexander. Do National Cultural Traits Affect Comparative Advantage in Cultural Goods? Sustainability 2017, 9, 1153 .
AMA StyleZhaobin Fan, Shujuan Huang, W. Robert J. Alexander. Do National Cultural Traits Affect Comparative Advantage in Cultural Goods? Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaobin Fan; Shujuan Huang; W. Robert J. Alexander. 2017. "Do National Cultural Traits Affect Comparative Advantage in Cultural Goods?" Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1153.
This paper aims at investigating the relationship between financial inclusion and the formation of entrepreneurs, both theoretically and empirically. We first construct a theoretical model to examine how the development of financial inclusion affects the formation of entrepreneurs. The model suggests that the development of financial inclusion can mitigate credit constraints on entrepreneurial activities by reducing information asymmetry in financial transactions, and in addition this effect is greater in industries with lower barriers to entry. Then, using data from 31 provinces and 19 industries in China during the period 2005–2014, we test the impact of financial inclusion on the formation of entrepreneurs. The estimation results confirm the positive effect of financial inclusion development on the formation of entrepreneurs, and indicate that this effect is heterogeneous across industries. Moreover, the development of financial inclusion is often beneficial to the formations of entrepreneurs in sectors with lower entry barriers.
Zhaobin Fan; Ruohan Zhang. Financial Inclusion, Entry Barriers, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 203 .
AMA StyleZhaobin Fan, Ruohan Zhang. Financial Inclusion, Entry Barriers, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (2):203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaobin Fan; Ruohan Zhang. 2017. "Financial Inclusion, Entry Barriers, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China." Sustainability 9, no. 2: 203.