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Yan Yang; Limao Wang; Yebing Fang; Chufu Mou. Integrated value of shale gas development: A comparative analysis in the United States and China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017, 76, 1465 -1478.
AMA StyleYan Yang, Limao Wang, Yebing Fang, Chufu Mou. Integrated value of shale gas development: A comparative analysis in the United States and China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017; 76 ():1465-1478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Yang; Limao Wang; Yebing Fang; Chufu Mou. 2017. "Integrated value of shale gas development: A comparative analysis in the United States and China." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 76, no. : 1465-1478.
Much attention is being given to estimating cement-related CO2 emissions in China. However, scant explicit and systematical exploration is being done on regional and national CO2 emission volumes. The aim of this work is therefore to provide an improved bottom-up spatial-integration system, relevant to CO2 emissions at factory level, to allow a more accurate estimation of the CO2 emissions from cement production. Based on this system, the sampling data of cement production lines were integrated as regional- and national-level information. The integration results showed that each ton of clinker produced 883 kg CO2, of which the process, fuel, and electricity emissions accounted for 58.70%, 35.97%, and 5.33%, respectively. The volume of CO2 emissions from clinker and cement production reached 1202 Mt and 1284 Mt, respectively, in 2013. A discrepancy was identified between the clinker emission factors relevant to the two main production processes (i.e., the new suspension preheating and pre-calcining kiln (NSP) and the vertical shaft kiln (VSK)), probably relevant to the energy efficiency of the two technologies. An analysis of the spatial characteristics indicated that the spatial distribution of the clinker emission factors mainly corresponded to that of the NSP process. The discrepancy of spatial pattern largely complied with the economic and population distribution pattern of China. The study could fill the knowledge gaps and provide role players with a useful spatial integration system that should facilitate the accurate estimation of carbon and corresponding regional mitigation strategies in China.
Yan Yang; Limao Wang; Zhi Cao; Chufu Mou; Lei Shen; Jianan Zhao; Yebing Fang. CO2 emissions from cement industry in China: A bottom-up estimation from factory to regional and national levels. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017, 27, 711 -730.
AMA StyleYan Yang, Limao Wang, Zhi Cao, Chufu Mou, Lei Shen, Jianan Zhao, Yebing Fang. CO2 emissions from cement industry in China: A bottom-up estimation from factory to regional and national levels. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2017; 27 (6):711-730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Yang; Limao Wang; Zhi Cao; Chufu Mou; Lei Shen; Jianan Zhao; Yebing Fang. 2017. "CO2 emissions from cement industry in China: A bottom-up estimation from factory to regional and national levels." Journal of Geographical Sciences 27, no. 6: 711-730.
Understanding the spatial heterogeneity and driving force identification of energy-related CO2 emissions (ECEs) can help build consensus for mitigating CO2 emissions and designing appropriate policies. However, previous studies on ECEs that focus on both the global-regional scale and the interaction of factors have been seldom conducted. In this paper, ECE data from 143 countries from 1990 to 2014 were selected to analyze regional differences in ECE growth rates by using the coefficient of variation. Then a geographical detector was used to analyze the key determinant factors on ECE growth rates around the world and in eight types of regions. The results show that: (1) the ECE growth rate in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) region is low and tended to decrease, while in the non-OECD region it is high and tended to increase; (2) the coefficient of variation and detection factor of ECE growth rates at a regional scale are higher than those at a global scale; (3) in terms of the key determinant factors, population growth rate, growth rate of per capita GDP, and energy intensity growth rate are the three key determinant factors of ECE growth rates in the OECD region and most of the non-OECD regions such as non-OECD European and Eurasian (NO-EE), Asia (NO-AS), non-OECD Americas (NO-AM). The key determinant factors in the African (NO-AF) region are population growth rates and natural gas carbon intensity growth rates. The key determinant factors of the Middle East (NO-ME) are population growth rate, coal carbon intensity growth rate and per capita GDP growth rate; (4) the determinant power of the detection factor, the population growth rate at the global scale and regional scale is the strongest, showing a significant spatial consistency. The determinant power of per capita GDP growth rate and energy intensity growth rate in the OECD region, respectively, rank second and third, also showing a spatial consistency. However, the carbon intensity growth rates of the three fossil fuels contribute little to the growth rate of ECEs, and their spatial coherence is weak; (5) from the perspective of the interaction of detection factors, six detection factors showed bilinear or non-linear enhancement at a global and a regional scale, and the determinant power of the interaction of factors was significantly enhanced; and (6) from the perspective of ecological detection, the growth rate of carbon intensity and the growth rate of natural gas carbon intensity at the global scale and NO-ME region are significantly stronger than other factors, with a significant difference in the spatial distribution of its incidence. Therefore, the OECD region should continue to reduce the growth of energy intensity, and develop alternative energy resources in the future, while those that are plagued by carbon emissions in non-OECD regions should pay more attention to the positive influence of lower population growth rates on reducing the growth...
Yebing Fang; Limao Wang; Zhoupeng Ren; Yan Yang; Chufu Mou; Qiushi Qu. Spatial Heterogeneity of Energy-Related CO2 Emission Growth Rates around the World and Their Determinants during 1990–2014. Energies 2017, 10, 367 .
AMA StyleYebing Fang, Limao Wang, Zhoupeng Ren, Yan Yang, Chufu Mou, Qiushi Qu. Spatial Heterogeneity of Energy-Related CO2 Emission Growth Rates around the World and Their Determinants during 1990–2014. Energies. 2017; 10 (3):367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYebing Fang; Limao Wang; Zhoupeng Ren; Yan Yang; Chufu Mou; Qiushi Qu. 2017. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Energy-Related CO2 Emission Growth Rates around the World and Their Determinants during 1990–2014." Energies 10, no. 3: 367.