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Transportation is a key factor in the fight against climate change. Consumer behavior changes in transportation are underrepresented in energy policies, even if they could be essential to achieve the fixed GHG emission reduction targets. To help quantify the role of behaviors in energy transition and their implications on the dynamics of an energy system, this study is conducted using the North American TIMES Energy Model, adapted to Quebec (Canada). A behavioral disruption scenario (an increase in carpooling) is introduced in the model’s transportation sector and is compared to a massive electrification scenario. Our results highlight the fact that a behavioral disruption can lead to the same GHG emission reductions (65%) by 2050 as an electrification policy, while alleviating different efforts (such as additional electrical capacity and additional costs) associated with massive electrification. Moreover, the results are sensitive to behavior-related parameters, such as social discount rates and car lifetimes.
Marianne Pedinotti-Castelle; Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Kathleen Vaillancourt; Ben Amor. Changing Technology or Behavior? The Impacts of a Behavioral Disruption. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5861 .
AMA StyleMarianne Pedinotti-Castelle, Pierre-Olivier Pineau, Kathleen Vaillancourt, Ben Amor. Changing Technology or Behavior? The Impacts of a Behavioral Disruption. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarianne Pedinotti-Castelle; Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Kathleen Vaillancourt; Ben Amor. 2021. "Changing Technology or Behavior? The Impacts of a Behavioral Disruption." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5861.
Several interconnected power systems worldwide have largely thermal and hydro production along with CO2 cap-and-trade (C&T) systems and variable renewable energy sources (VRES). C&T policies increase VRES generation, and socially optimal storage deployment could integrate VRES output. However, hydro reservoirs may be used strategically due to market power. We investigate these distortions and assess measures for their mitigation via a bottom-up equilibrium model of New York and Québec. In particular, we find evidence that hydro producers shift water between seasons to manipulate electricity prices even under a net-hydro production constraint. Alternative regulation covering net imports as well as net-hydro production limits such temporal arbitrage but enables firms with both thermal generation and pumped-hydro storage to exercise spatial arbitrage. We demonstrate that these distortions will be exacerbated under more stringent C&T policies because price-taking thermal producers are less able to respond to price signals.
Sébastien Debia; Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Afzal S. Siddiqui. Strategic storage use in a hydro-thermal power system with carbon constraints. Energy Economics 2021, 98, 105261 .
AMA StyleSébastien Debia, Pierre-Olivier Pineau, Afzal S. Siddiqui. Strategic storage use in a hydro-thermal power system with carbon constraints. Energy Economics. 2021; 98 ():105261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSébastien Debia; Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Afzal S. Siddiqui. 2021. "Strategic storage use in a hydro-thermal power system with carbon constraints." Energy Economics 98, no. : 105261.
In several countries, electricity systems are under strong decarbonization pressure. In particular, the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario as well as the states of the northeastern United States have committed to cut their greenhouse emissions by more than 70% (with respect to emission levels of 1990). Increased collaboration and integration between jurisdictions could decrease such decarbonization costs, especially when important hydropower resources are available. Using a capacity expansion and dispatch model of the Northeastern North American electricity sector, we analyze the impact of emission reduction targets, load levels and availability of power technologies in a range of scenarios, in order to assess the benefits of regional cooperation. Our results show that for deep decarbonization, the electricity system costs can be significantly reduced through integration, especially by adding more interconnection capacity. These costs savings and benefits are however not evenly allocated between jurisdictions, creating potentially difficult collaboration incentives.
Jesús A. Rodríguez-Sarasty; Sébastien Debia; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Deep decarbonization in Northeastern North America: The value of electricity market integration and hydropower. Energy Policy 2021, 152, 112210 .
AMA StyleJesús A. Rodríguez-Sarasty, Sébastien Debia, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Deep decarbonization in Northeastern North America: The value of electricity market integration and hydropower. Energy Policy. 2021; 152 ():112210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús A. Rodríguez-Sarasty; Sébastien Debia; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2021. "Deep decarbonization in Northeastern North America: The value of electricity market integration and hydropower." Energy Policy 152, no. : 112210.
Etienne Billette de Villemeur; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Correction to: Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market. Operations Research and Health Care Policy 2020, C1 -C1.
AMA StyleEtienne Billette de Villemeur, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Correction to: Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market. Operations Research and Health Care Policy. 2020; ():C1-C1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEtienne Billette de Villemeur; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2020. "Correction to: Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market." Operations Research and Health Care Policy , no. : C1-C1.
Decentralized energy resources (DERs) may affect the revenues of distribution utilities, depending on their rate structure. Based on a typical household load profile, we model the impacts of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicles (EV) on revenues of electricity distribution utilities under alternative rate structures. Our case study finds that EVs and PVs decouple peak load and energy consumption, which is problematic with volumetric rates for distribution utilities. The optimization of EV charging load can create a new peak, rendering time-of-use (ToU) counterproductive. Our findings suggest that charges to recover capacity-related costs help shield distribution utilities from undesirable revenue impacts.
Timothé Beaufils; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Assessing the impact of residential load profile changes on electricity distribution utility revenues under alternative rate structures. Utilities Policy 2019, 61, 100959 .
AMA StyleTimothé Beaufils, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Assessing the impact of residential load profile changes on electricity distribution utility revenues under alternative rate structures. Utilities Policy. 2019; 61 ():100959.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimothé Beaufils; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2019. "Assessing the impact of residential load profile changes on electricity distribution utility revenues under alternative rate structures." Utilities Policy 61, no. : 100959.
The oil market has often been modeled as an oligopoly where the strategic players are producers. With climate change, a new sort of game appeared, where environmental militants play a significant role by opposing some projects, to contain oil production. At the same time, consumers continue to use increasing amounts of oil, independently of oil price fluctuations. Should we oppose oil projects, reduce demand or both? We investigate in this paper the double prisoner’s dilemma in which individuals find themselves, with respect to oil consumption and their environmental stance towards the oil industry. We find that the collective outcome of such game is clearly better when a frugal behaviour is adopted, without being militant. The Nash equilibrium, resulting from the individual strategies, leads by contrast to the worst possible outcome: high prices, high consumption and high environmental (negative) impact. An effective environmental action should avoid opposing oil supply sources (a costly militant act) and help consumers becoming more frugal.
Etienne Billette de Villemeur; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market. Data Science for Nano Image Analysis 2019, 269 -281.
AMA StyleEtienne Billette de Villemeur, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market. Data Science for Nano Image Analysis. 2019; ():269-281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEtienne Billette de Villemeur; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2019. "Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market." Data Science for Nano Image Analysis , no. : 269-281.
Concerns about climate change have spurred governments to reduce carbon emissions by supporting adoption of renewable energy (RE) technologies. Due to the intermittent and location-specific nature of RE technologies, energy storage has become important because it could be used to smooth out temporal disparities in residual demand. Thus, carbon policy has made storage-enabled RE generation more critical to the power sector, and this enhanced position could be exploited by firms to exert market power. Using an equilibrium model, we examine the implications of policy interventions and technological change on the marginal value of energy storage in a power market with RE and thermal generation. In particular, we specify the market conditions under which RE producers with storage strategically shift deployment of their resource to the off-peak period and outline its implications for the marginal value of RE storage. Moreover, we find that even price-taking RE producers may actually increase off-peak RE production as storage efficiency increases. Consequently, the RE producer’s profit decreases with storage efficiency, which conflicts with the social objective of improving storage efficiency. These private and social incentives can be better aligned via a carbon tax, however. Hence, our results may inform the regulatory process governing market design of a power sector with increasing capacities of RE generation and storage.
Sébastien Debia; Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Afzal S. Siddiqui. Strategic use of storage: The impact of carbon policy, resource availability, and technology efficiency on a renewable-thermal power system. Energy Economics 2018, 80, 100 -122.
AMA StyleSébastien Debia, Pierre-Olivier Pineau, Afzal S. Siddiqui. Strategic use of storage: The impact of carbon policy, resource availability, and technology efficiency on a renewable-thermal power system. Energy Economics. 2018; 80 ():100-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSébastien Debia; Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Afzal S. Siddiqui. 2018. "Strategic use of storage: The impact of carbon policy, resource availability, and technology efficiency on a renewable-thermal power system." Energy Economics 80, no. : 100-122.
Hydropower is the leading renewable source of electricity generation and a low emission energy source. In order to be developed sustainably, it is important that its costs and benefits are adequately set and distributed. Different mechanisms, such as royalties, can be used for this purpose. Governments have usually kept hydropower royalty rates low, without internalizing negative externalities. This strategy is inefficient because it leads to larger electricity production and consumption, and hence exacerbates environmental impacts. This paper reviews the criteria proposed and used to set hydropower royalties. It also compares practices of the four main hydropower producers in the world: China, Brazil, Canada and the United States. Results show that royalty rates and distribution policies are determined in an arbitrary and unsystematic manner, but also that water use is usually undervalued. In order to encourage the development of this key renewable resource, in a sustainable and responsible way, national and international efforts should be made to rationalize and harmonize hydropower royalty rates.
Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Lucile Tranchecoste; Yenny Vega-Cárdenas. Hydropower Royalties: A Comparative Analysis of Major Producing Countries (China, Brazil, Canada and the United States). Water 2017, 9, 287 .
AMA StylePierre-Olivier Pineau, Lucile Tranchecoste, Yenny Vega-Cárdenas. Hydropower Royalties: A Comparative Analysis of Major Producing Countries (China, Brazil, Canada and the United States). Water. 2017; 9 (4):287.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre-Olivier Pineau; Lucile Tranchecoste; Yenny Vega-Cárdenas. 2017. "Hydropower Royalties: A Comparative Analysis of Major Producing Countries (China, Brazil, Canada and the United States)." Water 9, no. 4: 287.
Ben Amor; Etienne Billette de Villemeur; Marie Pellat; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data. Energy 2014, 66, 458 -469.
AMA StyleBen Amor, Etienne Billette de Villemeur, Marie Pellat, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data. Energy. 2014; 66 ():458-469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Amor; Etienne Billette de Villemeur; Marie Pellat; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2014. "Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data." Energy 66, no. : 458-469.
Energy access remains a decisive problem in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Decades of international involvement, through various approaches, have not succeeded in making significant improvements. This article presents traditional financing approaches and analyzes the problem they face. In particular, the imbalance of power and interest between non-African and African players is highlighted. New models are then reviewed, pointing to some key changes to adopt in energy projects: smaller project size, local control over financing sources, innovative financing schemes, and increased private and African ownership. Projects should also be conceived in relation to Sub-Saharan African countries' governance capacity.
Hartman Kouassi; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Financing Challenges for Electricity Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reviewing Old Models and Exploring New Ones. Journal of African Business 2011, 12, 347 -367.
AMA StyleHartman Kouassi, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Financing Challenges for Electricity Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reviewing Old Models and Exploring New Ones. Journal of African Business. 2011; 12 (3):347-367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHartman Kouassi; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2011. "Financing Challenges for Electricity Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reviewing Old Models and Exploring New Ones." Journal of African Business 12, no. 3: 347-367.
Electricity trade across regions is often considered welfare enhancing. We show in this paper that this should be reconsidered if environmental externalities are taken into account. We consider two cases where trade is beneficial, before accounting for environmental damages: first, when two regions with the same technology display some demand heterogeneity; second when one region endowed with hydropower arbitrages with its “thermal” neighbor. Our results show that under reasonable demand and supply elasticities, trade comes with an additional environmental cost. This calls for integrating environmental externalities into market reforms when redesigning the electricity sector. Two North American applications illustrate our results: trade between Pennsylvania and New York, and trade between hydro-rich Quebec and New York.
Etienne Billette De Villemeur; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Environmentally damaging electricity trade. Energy Policy 2010, 38, 1548 -1558.
AMA StyleEtienne Billette De Villemeur, Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Environmentally damaging electricity trade. Energy Policy. 2010; 38 (3):1548-1558.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEtienne Billette De Villemeur; Pierre-Olivier Pineau. 2010. "Environmentally damaging electricity trade." Energy Policy 38, no. 3: 1548-1558.
Regional and global integration initiatives push for more electricity sector integration everywhere in the world, including West Africa. The creation of the West African Power Pool (WAPP) in 2000 and important investments under this new structure in 2006 are concrete actions that will result in a more integrated West African electricity sector. But will this integrated sector be more functional than the previous ones? Will the identified electricity sector problems be solved with the new power pool? This paper analyzes how power sector integration is presented by international institutions (the UN Economic Commission for Africa, World Energy Council and World Bank) and identifies three problematic issues with the current integration approach: lack of African ownership, unclear and conflicting reform objectives and uncertainty of integration outcomes.
Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Electricity sector integration in West Africa. Energy Policy 2008, 36, 210 -223.
AMA StylePierre-Olivier Pineau. Electricity sector integration in West Africa. Energy Policy. 2008; 36 (1):210-223.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre-Olivier Pineau. 2008. "Electricity sector integration in West Africa." Energy Policy 36, no. 1: 210-223.
Although 1995 was an important year in the deregulation of the Finnish electricity industry, with the Electricity Market Act (EMA), the market in Finland has always been very liberalized. This is probably one of the most distinct features of the Finnish situation. To put the Finnish reform process in perspective, a four-dimension restructuring framework is introduced. Its dimensions are market type, ownership and horizontal and vertical integration. Some important aspects of reforms in other countries are also presented, showing the originality of the Finnish case. We give here a description of the market before and after 1995, with a highlight on the changes. Such an account of the Finnish electricity reform is not otherwise documented in the energy literature.
Pierre-Olivier Pineau; Raimo P Hämäläinen. A perspective on the restructuring of the Finnish electricity market. Energy Policy 2000, 28, 181 -192.
AMA StylePierre-Olivier Pineau, Raimo P Hämäläinen. A perspective on the restructuring of the Finnish electricity market. Energy Policy. 2000; 28 (3):181-192.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre-Olivier Pineau; Raimo P Hämäläinen. 2000. "A perspective on the restructuring of the Finnish electricity market." Energy Policy 28, no. 3: 181-192.