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A Sen
School of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India

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Regular article
Published: 08 April 2020 in The European Physical Journal B
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This article presents a Hamiltonian architecture based on vertex types and empires for demonstrating the emergence of aperiodic order in one dimension by a suitable prescription for breaking translation symmetry. At the outset, the paper presents different algorithmic, geometrical, and algebraic methods of constructing empires of vertex configurations of a given lattice. These empires have non-local scope and form the building blocks of the proposed lattice model. This model is tested via Monte Carlo simulations beginning with randomly arranged N tiles. The simulations clearly establish the Fibonacci configuration, which is a one-dimensional quasicrystal of length N, as the final relaxed state of the system. The Hamiltonian is promoted to a matrix operator form by performing dyadic tensor products of pairs of interacting empire vectors followed by a summation over all permissible configurations. A spectral analysis of the Hamiltonian matrix is performed and a theoretical method is presented to find the exact solution of the attractor configuration that is given by the Fibonacci chain as predicted by the simulations. Finally, a precise theoretical explanation is provided which shows that the Fibonacci chain is the most probable ground state. The proposed Hamiltonian is a mathematical model of the one dimensional Fibonacci quasicrystal.

ACS Style

Amrik Sen; Carlos Castro Perelman. A Hamiltonian model of the Fibonacci quasicrystal using non-local interactions: simulations and spectral analysis. The European Physical Journal B 2020, 93, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Amrik Sen, Carlos Castro Perelman. A Hamiltonian model of the Fibonacci quasicrystal using non-local interactions: simulations and spectral analysis. The European Physical Journal B. 2020; 93 (4):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen; Carlos Castro Perelman. 2020. "A Hamiltonian model of the Fibonacci quasicrystal using non-local interactions: simulations and spectral analysis." The European Physical Journal B 93, no. 4: 1-14.

Note
Published: 14 August 2018 in Review of Scientific Instruments
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A three-dimensional ion imaging spectrometer has been designed and calibrated by ion trajectories simulations. We present a recipe for the verification of the calibration by obtaining kinetic energy (KE) distribution from the recorded flight times alone and consequently correlating the two KE spectra.

ACS Style

Ram Gopal; A. Sen; S. R. Sahu; Anbu Venkatachalam; M. Anand; V. Sharma. Note: An ion imaging spectrometer for studying photo-induced fragmentation in small molecules. Review of Scientific Instruments 2018, 89, 086107 .

AMA Style

Ram Gopal, A. Sen, S. R. Sahu, Anbu Venkatachalam, M. Anand, V. Sharma. Note: An ion imaging spectrometer for studying photo-induced fragmentation in small molecules. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2018; 89 (8):086107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram Gopal; A. Sen; S. R. Sahu; Anbu Venkatachalam; M. Anand; V. Sharma. 2018. "Note: An ion imaging spectrometer for studying photo-induced fragmentation in small molecules." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 8: 086107.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2017 in Fluids
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Kinetic equations for rapidly rotating flows are developed in this paper using multiple scales perturbation theory. The governing equations are an asymptotically reduced set of equations that are derived from the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. These equations are applicable for rapidly rotating flow regimes and are best suited to describe anisotropic dynamics of rotating flows. The independent variables of these equations inherently reside in a helical wave basis that is the most suitable basis for inertial waves. A coupled system of equations for the two global invariants: energy and helicity, is derived by extending a simpler symmetrical system to the more general non-symmetrical helical case. This approach of deriving the kinetic equations for helicity follows naturally by exploiting the symmetries in the system and is different from the derivations presented in an earlier weak wave turbulence approach that uses multiple correlation functions to account for the asymmetry due to helicity. Stationary solutions, including Kolmogorov solutions, for the flow invariants are obtained as a scaling law of the anisotropic wave numbers. The scaling law solutions compare affirmatively with results from recent experimental and simulation data. Thus, anisotropic wave turbulence of the reduced hydrodynamic system is a weak turbulence model for strong anisotropy with a dominant k⊥ cascade where the waves aid the turbulent cascade along the perpendicular modes. The waves also enable an appropriate closure of the kinetic equation through averaging of their phases.

ACS Style

Amrik Sen. Anisotropic Wave Turbulence for Reduced Hydrodynamics with Rotationally Constrained Slow Inertial Waves. Fluids 2017, 2, 28 .

AMA Style

Amrik Sen. Anisotropic Wave Turbulence for Reduced Hydrodynamics with Rotationally Constrained Slow Inertial Waves. Fluids. 2017; 2 (2):28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen. 2017. "Anisotropic Wave Turbulence for Reduced Hydrodynamics with Rotationally Constrained Slow Inertial Waves." Fluids 2, no. 2: 28.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2017 in Mathematics
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We present the emergence of a root system in six dimensions from the tetrahedra of an icosahedral core known as the 20-group (20G) within the framework of Clifford’s geometric algebra. Consequently, we establish a connection between a three-dimensional icosahedral seed, a six-dimensional (6D) Dirichlet quantized host and a higher dimensional lattice structure. The 20G, owing to its icosahedral symmetry, bears the signature of a 6D lattice that manifests in the Dirichlet integer representation. We present an interpretation whereby the three-dimensional 20G can be regarded as the core substratum from which the higher dimensional lattices emerge. This emergent geometry is based on an induction principle supported by the Clifford multi-vector formalism of three-dimensional (3D) Euclidean space. This lays a geometric framework for understanding several physics theories related to SU(5), E6, E8 Lie algebras and their composition with the algebra associated with the even unimodular lattice in R3,1. The construction presented here is inspired by Penrose’s three world model.

ACS Style

Amrik Sen; Raymond Aschheim; Klee Irwin. Emergence of an Aperiodic Dirichlet Space from the Tetrahedral Units of an Icosahedral Internal Space. Mathematics 2017, 5, 29 .

AMA Style

Amrik Sen, Raymond Aschheim, Klee Irwin. Emergence of an Aperiodic Dirichlet Space from the Tetrahedral Units of an Icosahedral Internal Space. Mathematics. 2017; 5 (2):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen; Raymond Aschheim; Klee Irwin. 2017. "Emergence of an Aperiodic Dirichlet Space from the Tetrahedral Units of an Icosahedral Internal Space." Mathematics 5, no. 2: 29.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
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ACS Style

A. Sen; T. Kar; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. One step ultrafast mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline cubic Ti0.9Al0.1B and its microstructure evolution. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 2015, 68, 93 -101.

AMA Style

A. Sen, T. Kar, Swapan Kumar Pradhan. One step ultrafast mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline cubic Ti0.9Al0.1B and its microstructure evolution. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. 2015; 68 ():93-101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sen; T. Kar; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. 2015. "One step ultrafast mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline cubic Ti0.9Al0.1B and its microstructure evolution." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 68, no. : 93-101.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Powder Technology
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ACS Style

A. Sen; T. Kar; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. Ultrafast one step mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline cubic Ti0.9Si0.1B and its microstructure characterization. Powder Technology 2014, 264, 265 -272.

AMA Style

A. Sen, T. Kar, Swapan Kumar Pradhan. Ultrafast one step mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline cubic Ti0.9Si0.1B and its microstructure characterization. Powder Technology. 2014; 264 ():265-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sen; T. Kar; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. 2014. "Ultrafast one step mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline cubic Ti0.9Si0.1B and its microstructure characterization." Powder Technology 264, no. : 265-272.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2014 in Physica B: Condensed Matter
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The electrical transport properties of ternary carbide Ti0.9Al0.1C prepared by high energy ball milling under argon atmosphere have been reported thoroughly. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction technique employing the Rietveld method of structure and microstructure refinement. The dc conductivity of the samples shows semiconducting behavior and it has been analyzed by different existing models. Out of these models the adiabatic small polaron model is most suitable for analyzing the dc conductivity at higher temperature, whereas at lower temperature Schnakenberg acoustical one phonon assisted hopping model is suitable. The dc magnetoconductivity shows a negative variation with magnetic field, which is explained by the theory of wave function shrinkage model. Different parameters like localization length, hopping distance, density of states have been determined from the analysis of the experimental data.

ACS Style

P.S. Mukherjee; K. Gupta; Amrik Sen; H. Dutta; Swapan Kumar Pradhan; A.K. Meikap. Anomalous electrical transport mechanism in ternary carbide Ti0.9Al0.1C above room temperature. Physica B: Condensed Matter 2014, 447, 1 -6.

AMA Style

P.S. Mukherjee, K. Gupta, Amrik Sen, H. Dutta, Swapan Kumar Pradhan, A.K. Meikap. Anomalous electrical transport mechanism in ternary carbide Ti0.9Al0.1C above room temperature. Physica B: Condensed Matter. 2014; 447 ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.S. Mukherjee; K. Gupta; Amrik Sen; H. Dutta; Swapan Kumar Pradhan; A.K. Meikap. 2014. "Anomalous electrical transport mechanism in ternary carbide Ti0.9Al0.1C above room temperature." Physica B: Condensed Matter 447, no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2013 in Physica Scripta
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We first summarize briefly several properties concerning the dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) turbulence, with an emphasis on the inverse cascade of energy to the largest accessible scale of the system. In order to study a similar phenomenon in 3D turbulence undergoing strong solid-body rotation, we test a previously developed large eddy simulation (LES) model against a high-resolution direct numerical simulation of rotating turbulence on a grid of 30723 points. We then describe new numerical results on the inverse energy cascade in rotating flows using this LES model and contrast the case of 2D versus 3D forcing, as well as non-helical forcing (i.e. with weak overall alignment between velocity and vorticity) versus the fully helical Beltrami case, for both deterministic and random forcing. The different scaling laws for the inverse energy cascade can be attributed to the dimensionality of the forcing, with either a k−3⊥ or a k−5/3⊥ energy spectrum of slow modes at large scales, k⊥ referring to a direction perpendicular to that of rotation. We finally invoke the role of shear in the case of a strongly anisotropic deterministic forcing, using the so-called ABC flow; in that case, a k−5/3⊥ is again observed for the slow modes, together with a k−1 spectrum for the total energy associated with enhanced shear at a large scale [92].

ACS Style

A Pouquet; A Sen; D Rosenberg; Pablo Mininni; J Baerenzung. Inverse cascades in turbulence and the case of rotating flows. Physica Scripta 2013, T155, 014032 .

AMA Style

A Pouquet, A Sen, D Rosenberg, Pablo Mininni, J Baerenzung. Inverse cascades in turbulence and the case of rotating flows. Physica Scripta. 2013; T155 ():014032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Pouquet; A Sen; D Rosenberg; Pablo Mininni; J Baerenzung. 2013. "Inverse cascades in turbulence and the case of rotating flows." Physica Scripta T155, no. : 014032.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2013 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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Nanocrystalline Ti0.9Si0.1C has been prepared by ball-milling the elemental stoichiometric mixture of Ti, Si and graphite powders at room temperature under argon atmosphere. Microstructure characterization and quantitative estimation of different phases present in the unmilled and ball milled samples are done by analyzing the XRD patterns employing the Rietveld’s powder structure refinement method. The results reveal that formation of Ti0.9Si0.1C is initiated just after 44 min of milling and full formation of stoichiometric Ti0.9Si0.1C without any contamination is achieved within 3 h. To study the effect of ball milling on different microstructure parameters milling is continued up to 12 h which results in a reduction of particle size to ∼9 nm. Direct microstructure characterization of 12 h milled sample by HRTEM corroborates the structural and microstructural evolution by indirect method using XRD data.

ACS Style

Amrik Sen; T. Kar; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. One step quickest mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline Ti0.9Si0.1C and its microstructure characterization. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2013, 557, 47 -52.

AMA Style

Amrik Sen, T. Kar, Swapan Kumar Pradhan. One step quickest mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline Ti0.9Si0.1C and its microstructure characterization. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2013; 557 ():47-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen; T. Kar; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. 2013. "One step quickest mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline Ti0.9Si0.1C and its microstructure characterization." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 557, no. : 47-52.

Article
Published: 21 September 2012 in Physical Review E
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Rapidly rotating turbulent flow is characterized by the emergence of columnar structures that are representative of quasi-two-dimensional behavior of the flow. It is known that when energy is injected into the fluid at an intermediate scale Lf, it cascades towards smaller as well as larger scales. In this paper we analyze the flow in the inverse cascade range at a small but fixed Rossby number, Rof≈0.05. Several numerical simulations with helical and nonhelical forcing functions are considered in periodic boxes with unit aspect ratio. In order to resolve the inverse cascade range with reasonably large Reynolds number, the analysis is based on large eddy simulations which include the effect of helicity on eddy viscosity and eddy noise. Thus, we model the small scales and resolve explicitly the large scales. We show that the large-scale energy spectrum has at least two solutions: one that is consistent with Kolmogorov-Kraichnan-Batchelor-Leith phenomenology for the inverse cascade of energy in two-dimensional (2D) turbulence with a ∼k⊥−5/3 scaling, and the other that corresponds to a steeper ∼k⊥−3 spectrum in which the three-dimensional (3D) modes release a substantial fraction of their energy per unit time to the 2D modes. The spectrum that emerges depends on the anisotropy of the forcing function, the former solution prevailing for forcings in which more energy is injected into the 2D modes while the latter prevails for isotropic forcing. In the case of anisotropic forcing, whence the energy goes from the 2D to the 3D modes at low wave numbers, large-scale shear is created, resulting in a time scale τsh, associated with shear, thereby producing a ∼k−1 spectrum for the total energy with the horizontal energy of the 2D modes still following a ∼k⊥−5/3 scaling.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.86.0363196 MoreReceived 5 April 2012Published 21 September 2012©2012 American Physical SocietyArticle Available via CHORUSDownload Accepted Manuscript

ACS Style

Amrik Sen; Pablo Mininni; Duane Rosenberg; Annick Pouquet. Anisotropy and nonuniversality in scaling laws of the large-scale energy spectrum in rotating turbulence. Physical Review E 2012, 86, 036319 .

AMA Style

Amrik Sen, Pablo Mininni, Duane Rosenberg, Annick Pouquet. Anisotropy and nonuniversality in scaling laws of the large-scale energy spectrum in rotating turbulence. Physical Review E. 2012; 86 (3):036319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen; Pablo Mininni; Duane Rosenberg; Annick Pouquet. 2012. "Anisotropy and nonuniversality in scaling laws of the large-scale energy spectrum in rotating turbulence." Physical Review E 86, no. 3: 036319.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2010 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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ACS Style

H. Dutta; A. Sen; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. Microstructure characterization of ball-mill prepared ternary Ti0.9Al0.1C by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2010, 501, 198 -203.

AMA Style

H. Dutta, A. Sen, Swapan Kumar Pradhan. Microstructure characterization of ball-mill prepared ternary Ti0.9Al0.1C by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010; 501 (2):198-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Dutta; A. Sen; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. 2010. "Microstructure characterization of ball-mill prepared ternary Ti0.9Al0.1C by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 501, no. 2: 198-203.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2010 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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ACS Style

H. Dutta; A. Sen; J. Bhattacharjee; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. Preparation of ternary Ti0.9Ni0.1C cermets by mechanical alloying: Microstructure characterization by Rietveld method and electron microscopy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2010, 493, 666 -671.

AMA Style

H. Dutta, A. Sen, J. Bhattacharjee, Swapan Kumar Pradhan. Preparation of ternary Ti0.9Ni0.1C cermets by mechanical alloying: Microstructure characterization by Rietveld method and electron microscopy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010; 493 (1-2):666-671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Dutta; A. Sen; J. Bhattacharjee; Swapan Kumar Pradhan. 2010. "Preparation of ternary Ti0.9Ni0.1C cermets by mechanical alloying: Microstructure characterization by Rietveld method and electron microscopy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 493, no. 1-2: 666-671.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2009 in International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
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This paper suggests a scheme for classifying online handwritten characters, based on dynamic space warping of strokes within the characters. A method for segmenting components into strokes using velocity profiles is proposed. Each stroke is a simple arbitrary shape and is encoded using three attributes. Correspondence between various strokes is established using Dynamic Space Warping. A distance measure which reliably differentiates between two corresponding simple shapes (strokes) has been formulated thus obtaining a perceptual distance measure between any two characters. Tests indicate an accuracy of over 85% on two different datasets of characters.

ACS Style

Amrik Sen; G. Ananthakrishnan; Suresh Sundaram; A. G. Ramakrishnan. DYNAMIC SPACE WARPING OF STROKES FOR RECOGNITION OF ONLINE HANDWRITTEN CHARACTERS. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 2009, 23, 925 -943.

AMA Style

Amrik Sen, G. Ananthakrishnan, Suresh Sundaram, A. G. Ramakrishnan. DYNAMIC SPACE WARPING OF STROKES FOR RECOGNITION OF ONLINE HANDWRITTEN CHARACTERS. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. 2009; 23 (5):925-943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen; G. Ananthakrishnan; Suresh Sundaram; A. G. Ramakrishnan. 2009. "DYNAMIC SPACE WARPING OF STROKES FOR RECOGNITION OF ONLINE HANDWRITTEN CHARACTERS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, no. 5: 925-943.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2009 in Experimental Oncology
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ACS Style

Amrik Sen; T K Chaudhuri. Synthesis and evaluation of dimethyl tin 4-cyclohexyl thiosemicarbazone as a novel antitumor agent. Experimental Oncology 2009, 31, 1 .

AMA Style

Amrik Sen, T K Chaudhuri. Synthesis and evaluation of dimethyl tin 4-cyclohexyl thiosemicarbazone as a novel antitumor agent. Experimental Oncology. 2009; 31 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrik Sen; T K Chaudhuri. 2009. "Synthesis and evaluation of dimethyl tin 4-cyclohexyl thiosemicarbazone as a novel antitumor agent." Experimental Oncology 31, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2006 in Zoos' Print Journal
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H.V. Ghate; A. Şen. A note on three species of the genus Olenecamptus Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) found in India. Zoos' Print Journal 2006, 21, 2514 -2515.

AMA Style

H.V. Ghate, A. Şen. A note on three species of the genus Olenecamptus Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) found in India. Zoos' Print Journal. 2006; 21 (12):2514-2515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H.V. Ghate; A. Şen. 2006. "A note on three species of the genus Olenecamptus Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) found in India." Zoos' Print Journal 21, no. 12: 2514-2515.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2006 in Zoos' Print Journal
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ACS Style

A. Sen; H.V. Ghate. A short note on three species of Stibara (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini). Zoos' Print Journal 2006, 21, 2198 -2198.

AMA Style

A. Sen, H.V. Ghate. A short note on three species of Stibara (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini). Zoos' Print Journal. 2006; 21 (3):2198-2198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sen; H.V. Ghate. 2006. "A short note on three species of Stibara (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini)." Zoos' Print Journal 21, no. 3: 2198-2198.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2006 in Zoos' Print Journal
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A. Şen; U. Hiremath; R.D. Chaudhari; H.V. Ghate. Record of Pachylocerus crassicornis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Maharashtra. Zoos' Print Journal 2006, 21, 2167 -2167.

AMA Style

A. Şen, U. Hiremath, R.D. Chaudhari, H.V. Ghate. Record of Pachylocerus crassicornis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Maharashtra. Zoos' Print Journal. 2006; 21 (2):2167-2167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Şen; U. Hiremath; R.D. Chaudhari; H.V. Ghate. 2006. "Record of Pachylocerus crassicornis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Maharashtra." Zoos' Print Journal 21, no. 2: 2167-2167.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2005 in Zoos' Print Journal
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ACS Style

A. Sen; H.V. Ghate. A recent record of Astathes bimaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) from Kerala. Zoos' Print Journal 2005, 20, 1965 -1965.

AMA Style

A. Sen, H.V. Ghate. A recent record of Astathes bimaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) from Kerala. Zoos' Print Journal. 2005; 20 (8):1965-1965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sen; H.V. Ghate. 2005. "A recent record of Astathes bimaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) from Kerala." Zoos' Print Journal 20, no. 8: 1965-1965.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2005 in Zoos' Print Journal
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A. Şen; S. Rangnekar; P. Rangneka; H.V. Ghate. Record of Priotyrannus mordax (White) and Pachylocerus corallinus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), from Goa. Zoos' Print Journal 2005, 20, 1869 -1870.

AMA Style

A. Şen, S. Rangnekar, P. Rangneka, H.V. Ghate. Record of Priotyrannus mordax (White) and Pachylocerus corallinus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), from Goa. Zoos' Print Journal. 2005; 20 (5):1869-1870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Şen; S. Rangnekar; P. Rangneka; H.V. Ghate. 2005. "Record of Priotyrannus mordax (White) and Pachylocerus corallinus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), from Goa." Zoos' Print Journal 20, no. 5: 1869-1870.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2003 in Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions
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Blown soybean oil was characterised by gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), electrospray ionization-Fourier transfer mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). During the blowing process (in which a stream of oxygen is bubbled through the heated oil), transition ofcis totrans and the conjugation of double bonds, cross-linking and the degradation of oils occurred concurrently. The disappearance of unsaturated fatty esters followed first order kinetics. The formation of carbon-carbon and ether linkages was observed with NMR. It was proposed that the formation of ether linkages occurred via three routes: 1) combination of radicals; 2) homopolymerisation of epoxide; and 3) hydroxyl addition to oxirane. Furthermore, the effect of the blowing process on the rheological behaviour of the oils was also observed, and blown oil exhibited a higher viscosity than bodied oil (ie heat polymerised in an inert atmosphere). L’huile de soja soufflée a été caractérisée au moyen de la chromatographie gaz (GC), de la spectroscopie résonance magnétique nucléaire (NMR), de la spectroscopie ultraviolet visible (UV-VIS), de la spectroscopie infrarouge (IR), de l’ionisation chimique à l’électrospray — spectrométrie de masse par transformée de Fourier (ESI-FTMS) et de la chromatographie par perméation de gel (GPC). Pendant le procédé de soufflage (au cours duquel on fait passer un jet de bulles d’oxygène par l’huile de soja chauffée), la transition cis-trans, la conjugaison de liens doubles, des liaisons croisées et la dégradation d’huiles se sont produites simutanément. La disparition d’esters gras non-saturés a suivi la cinétique du premier ordre. La formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et ethers a été observée grace à NMR. Il a été proposé que la formation de liaisons ethers s’était produite par trois moyens: 1) la combinaison de radicaux; 2) l’homopolymérisation d’époxyde; 3) l’addition d’hydroxyl à l’oxirane. En plus, l’effet du soufflage sur le comportement rhéologique des huiles a été observé et on a trouvé que l’huile soufflée manifestait une viscosité plus élévée que celle d’une huile solidifiée (c’est à dire polymérisée à chaud en atmosphère inerte). Geblasenes Sojabohnenöl wurde charakterisiert mittels Gaschromatografie (GC), NMR Spektroskopie, sichtbare UV-Spektroskopie (UV-Vis), Infrarot Spektroskopie (IR), Elektrospray Ionisierungs-Fourier Transfer Massenspektroskopie (ESI-FTMS), und Geldurchlässige Chromatografie (CPC). Während des Blasprozesses (bei dem Sauerstoff durch heisses Öl geblasen wird) findet die Transition von cis nach trans, die Konjugierung der Doppelbindungen, und die Vernetzung und Degradierung des Öles gleichzeitig statt. Das Verschwinden ungesättigter Fettsäuren folgte kinetischen Regeln. Die Bildung von Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff und Etherverbindungen wurde durch NMR beobachtet. Wir schlagen vor, daß die Bildung von Etherverbindungen auf eine von drei Weisen geschieht: 1) Die Verbindung von Radikalen, 2) Homopolymerisierung von Epoxiden oder 3) Die Anbindung von Hydroxylen and Oxirane. Darüberhinaus studierten wir den Effekt des Blasprozesses auf das rheologische Verhalten der Öle. Geblasenes Öl zeigte eine höhere Viskosität as Öl das in einer inerten Atmosphäre Hitzepolymerisiert wurde.

ACS Style

G Teng; Soucek; Ba Vick; Wj Simonsick; Amrik Sen. Spectroscopic investigation of the blowing process of soyabean oil. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 2003, 86, 221 -229.

AMA Style

G Teng, Soucek, Ba Vick, Wj Simonsick, Amrik Sen. Spectroscopic investigation of the blowing process of soyabean oil. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions. 2003; 86 (3):221-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G Teng; Soucek; Ba Vick; Wj Simonsick; Amrik Sen. 2003. "Spectroscopic investigation of the blowing process of soyabean oil." Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 86, no. 3: 221-229.