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Anne Springer
Bonn University

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Short note
Published: 17 September 2019 in Journal of Geodesy
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Loading deformations from atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological mass changes mask geophysical processes such as land subsidence and tectonic or volcanic deformation. While it is known that hydrological loading plays a role at seasonal time scales, here we demonstrate evidence that also fast water storage changes contribute to daily Global Positioning System (GPS) height time series. So far, no clear strategy, i.e., no single conventional hydrological model, has been proposed for removing hydrological deformation from daily GPS height time series. Hydrological model predictions of total water storage anomalies tend to diverge and (substantially) deviate from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations, which however have a limited spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we suggest to overcome these limitations by assimilating GRACE data into a high-resolution (12.5 km) hydrological model. We tested this approach over Europe, and we found that accounting for daily hydrological mass changes reduces the root mean square scatter of GPS height time series almost by a factor of two when compared to monthly hydrological mass changes. We suggest that a GRACE-assimilating hydrological model would provide a promising option for removing hydrology-induced vertical deformation from GPS time series also at the global scale.

ACS Style

Anne Springer; Makan A. Karegar; Jürgen Kusche; Jessica Keune; Wolfgang Kurtz; Stefan Kollet. Evidence of daily hydrological loading in GPS time series over Europe. Journal of Geodesy 2019, 93, 2145 -2153.

AMA Style

Anne Springer, Makan A. Karegar, Jürgen Kusche, Jessica Keune, Wolfgang Kurtz, Stefan Kollet. Evidence of daily hydrological loading in GPS time series over Europe. Journal of Geodesy. 2019; 93 (10):2145-2153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Springer; Makan A. Karegar; Jürgen Kusche; Jessica Keune; Wolfgang Kurtz; Stefan Kollet. 2019. "Evidence of daily hydrological loading in GPS time series over Europe." Journal of Geodesy 93, no. 10: 2145-2153.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2018 in Water
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Predicting freshwater resources is a major concern in West Africa, where large parts of the population depend on rain-fed subsistence agriculture. However, a steady decline in the availability of in-situ measurements of climatic and hydrologic variables makes it difficult to simulate water resource availability with hydrological models. In this study, a modeling framework was set up for sparsely-gauged catchments in West Africa using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), whilst largely relying on remote sensing and reanalysis inputs. The model was calibrated using two different strategies and validated using discharge measurements. New in this study is the use of a multi-objective validation conducted to further investigate the performance of the model, where simulated actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and total water storage were evaluated using remote sensing data. Results show that the model performs well (R2 calibration: 0.52 and 0.51; R2 validation: 0.63 and 0.61) and the multi-objective validation reveals good agreement between predictions and observations. The study reveals the potential of using remote sensing data in sparsely-gauged catchments, resulting in good performance and providing data for evaluating water balance components that are not usually validated. The modeling framework presented in this study is the basis for future studies, which will address model response to extreme drought and flood events and further examine the coincidence with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) total water storage retrievals.

ACS Style

Thomas Poméon; Bernd Diekkrüger; Anne Springer; Jürgen Kusche; Annette Eicker. Multi-Objective Validation of SWAT for Sparsely-Gauged West African River Basins—A Remote Sensing Approach. Water 2018, 10, 451 .

AMA Style

Thomas Poméon, Bernd Diekkrüger, Anne Springer, Jürgen Kusche, Annette Eicker. Multi-Objective Validation of SWAT for Sparsely-Gauged West African River Basins—A Remote Sensing Approach. Water. 2018; 10 (4):451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Poméon; Bernd Diekkrüger; Anne Springer; Jürgen Kusche; Annette Eicker. 2018. "Multi-Objective Validation of SWAT for Sparsely-Gauged West African River Basins—A Remote Sensing Approach." Water 10, no. 4: 451.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2017 in Water
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Precipitation and evapotranspiration, and in particular the precipitation minus evapotranspiration deficit (P−E), are climate variables that may be better represented in reanalyses based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models than in other datasets. P−E provides essential information on the interaction of the atmosphere with the land surface, which is of fundamental importance for understanding climate change in response to anthropogenic impacts. However, the skill of models in closing the atmospheric-terrestrial water budget is limited. Here, total water storage estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission are used in combination with discharge data for assessing the closure of the water budget in the recent high-resolution Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling 6-km Reanalysis (COSMO-REA6) while comparing to global reanalyses (Interim ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)) and observation-based datasets (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM)). All 26 major European river basins are included in this study and aggregated to 17 catchments. Discharge data are obtained from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC), and insufficiently long time series are extended by calibrating the monthly Génie Rural rainfall-runoff model (GR2M) against the existing discharge observations, subsequently generating consistent model discharge time series for the GRACE period. We find that for most catchments, COSMO-REA6 closes the water budget within the error estimates. In contrast, the global reanalyses underestimate P−E with up to 20 mm/month. For all models and catchments, short-term (below the seasonal timescale) variability of atmospheric terrestrial flux agrees well with GRACE and discharge data with correlations of about 0.6. Our large study area allows identifying regional patterns like negative trends of P−E in eastern Europe and positive trends in northwestern Europe.

ACS Style

Anne Springer; Annette Eicker; Anika Bettge; Jürgen Kusche; Andreas Hense. Evaluation of the Water Cycle in the European COSMO-REA6 Reanalysis Using GRACE. Water 2017, 9, 289 .

AMA Style

Anne Springer, Annette Eicker, Anika Bettge, Jürgen Kusche, Andreas Hense. Evaluation of the Water Cycle in the European COSMO-REA6 Reanalysis Using GRACE. Water. 2017; 9 (4):289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anne Springer; Annette Eicker; Anika Bettge; Jürgen Kusche; Andreas Hense. 2017. "Evaluation of the Water Cycle in the European COSMO-REA6 Reanalysis Using GRACE." Water 9, no. 4: 289.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2016 in Journal of Geodesy
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In this study, we present an approach to validate hydrological model output directly on the level of GRACE level 1B observations by analyzing K-band range-rate residuals. Modeled water mass variations are converted to simulated satellite observations and subtracted from the original measurements. This procedure bypasses the downward continuation and filtering steps generally required for water cycle analysis on the basis of gravity field maps. The goal of the study is twofold: (1) we demonstrate the feasibility of using residuals analysis for hydrological model validation in general and (2) we focus on the potential of the approach to investigate the signal content of temporally high-frequent (daily) modeled hydrological mass variations. In addition to the output of three different hydrological process models, we study mass changes computed from two different daily GRACE products. GRACE here serves as a reference, but its spatial resolution is limited and the daily models are not computed independently. Regarding aspect (1), our results show that the agreement of each of the models with GRACE varies strongly depending on geographical location. Aspect (2) is not only interesting for model validation, but it is also important in the context of improving the GRACE de-aliasing concept. We demonstrate that not only the daily GRACE models, but also the daily hydrological model output contains information on time scales smaller than 1 month. Realistically modeled or observed short-term hydrological mass changes may serve as additional de-aliasing product for GRACE and thus contribute to increasing the accuracy and resolution of future GRACE products.

ACS Style

Annette Eicker; Anne Springer. Monthly and sub-monthly hydrological variability: in-orbit validation by GRACE level 1B observations. Journal of Geodesy 2016, 90, 573 -584.

AMA Style

Annette Eicker, Anne Springer. Monthly and sub-monthly hydrological variability: in-orbit validation by GRACE level 1B observations. Journal of Geodesy. 2016; 90 (6):573-584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Annette Eicker; Anne Springer. 2016. "Monthly and sub-monthly hydrological variability: in-orbit validation by GRACE level 1B observations." Journal of Geodesy 90, no. 6: 573-584.