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A novel method for the in situ visualization and profilometry of a plasma-facing surface is demonstrated using a long-distance microscope. The technique provides valuable in situ monitoring of the microscopic temporal and morphological evolution of a material surface subject to plasma–surface interactions, such as ion-induced sputter erosion. Focus variation of image stacks enables height surface profilometry, which allows a depth of field beyond the limits associated with high magnification. As a demonstration of this capability, the erosion of a volumetrically featured aluminum foam is quantified during ion-bombardment in a low-temperature argon plasma where the electron temperature is ∼7 eV and the plasma is biased relative to the target surface such that ions impinge at ∼300 eV. Three-dimensional height maps are reconstructed from the images captured with a long-distance microscope with an x–y resolution of 3 × 3 μm2 and a focus-variation resolution based on the motor step-size of 20 μm. The time-resolved height maps show a total surface recession of 730 μm and significant ligament thinning over the course of 330 min of plasma exposure. This technique can be used for developing plasma-facing components for a wide range of plasma devices for applications such as propulsion, manufacturing, hypersonics, and fusion.
Angelica Ottaviano; Anirudh Thuppul; John Hayes; Chris Dodson; Gary Z. Li; Zhitong Chen; Richard E. Wirz. In situ microscopy for plasma erosion of complex surfaces. Review of Scientific Instruments 2021, 92, 073701 .
AMA StyleAngelica Ottaviano, Anirudh Thuppul, John Hayes, Chris Dodson, Gary Z. Li, Zhitong Chen, Richard E. Wirz. In situ microscopy for plasma erosion of complex surfaces. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2021; 92 (7):073701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngelica Ottaviano; Anirudh Thuppul; John Hayes; Chris Dodson; Gary Z. Li; Zhitong Chen; Richard E. Wirz. 2021. "In situ microscopy for plasma erosion of complex surfaces." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 7: 073701.
Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectious virions are viable on various surfaces (e.g., plastic, metals, and cardboard) for several hours. This presents a transmission cycle for human infection that can be broken by developing new inactivation approaches. We employed an efficient cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with argon feed gas to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on various surfaces including plastic, metal, cardboard, basketball composite leather, football leather, and baseball leather. These results demonstrate the great potential of CAP as a safe and effective means to prevent virus transmission and infections for a wide range of surfaces that experience frequent human contact. Since this is the first-ever demonstration of cold plasma inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, it is a significant milestone in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and presents a new opportunity for the scientific, engineering, and medical communities.
Zhitong Chen; Gustavo Garcia Jr.; Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami; Richard E. Wirz. Cold atmospheric plasma for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. Physics of Fluids 2020, 32, 111702 .
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Gustavo Garcia Jr., Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, Richard E. Wirz. Cold atmospheric plasma for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. Physics of Fluids. 2020; 32 (11):111702.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Gustavo Garcia Jr.; Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami; Richard E. Wirz. 2020. "Cold atmospheric plasma for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation." Physics of Fluids 32, no. 11: 111702.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has become a topical research area due to its diverse applications in agriculture, medicine, environment, materials, energy, nanotechnology, and other fields. Plasmas in contact with liquids form marked sensitivity patterns at the interface depending on controlling parameters, including gas species, driving current, gas flow rate, gap length, and electrolyte conductivity. This review overviews basic aspects of plasmas inducing self-organization including computational and experimental studies and potential applications of such plasmas-treated liquids in agriculture and medicine. Representative experimental evidence of self-organized pattern (SOP) in diverse types of plasma discharges is reviewed. Generation and transport of reactive species in SOP plasma and SOP plasma interacting with liquids are introduced and discussed from their potential applications in agriculture and medicine.
Zhitong Chen; Rong-Guang Xu; Peijian Chen; Qiu Wang. Potential Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Liquids With Self-Organized Patterns Formed at the Interface. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 2020, 48, 3455 -3471.
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Rong-Guang Xu, Peijian Chen, Qiu Wang. Potential Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Liquids With Self-Organized Patterns Formed at the Interface. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2020; 48 (10):3455-3471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Rong-Guang Xu; Peijian Chen; Qiu Wang. 2020. "Potential Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Liquids With Self-Organized Patterns Formed at the Interface." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 10: 3455-3471.
Phase change materials (PCMs) are gaining increasing attention and becoming popular in the thermal energy storage field. Microcapsules enhance thermal and mechanical performance of PCMs used in thermal energy storage by increasing the heat transfer area and preventing the leakage of melting materials. Nowadays, a large number of studies about PCM microcapsules have been published to elaborate their benefits in energy systems. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been carried out on PCM microcapsules for thermal energy storage. Five aspects have been discussed in this review: classification of PCMs, encapsulation shell materials, microencapsulation techniques, PCM microcapsules’ characterizations, and thermal applications. This review aims to help the researchers from various fields better understand PCM microcapsules and provide critical guidance for utilizing this technology for future thermal energy storage.
Guangjian Peng; Guijing Dou; Yahao Hu; Yiheng Sun; Zhitong Chen. Phase Change Material (PCM) Microcapsules for Thermal Energy Storage. Advances in Polymer Technology 2020, 2020, 1 -20.
AMA StyleGuangjian Peng, Guijing Dou, Yahao Hu, Yiheng Sun, Zhitong Chen. Phase Change Material (PCM) Microcapsules for Thermal Energy Storage. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2020; 2020 ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangjian Peng; Guijing Dou; Yahao Hu; Yiheng Sun; Zhitong Chen. 2020. "Phase Change Material (PCM) Microcapsules for Thermal Energy Storage." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020, no. : 1-20.
The fatigue life of aerospace components depends greatly on the mechanical properties of the finished surface layer. However, no independent strength test of this layer has been reported because of the lack of suitable samples. Therefore, a direct method of assessing the surface tensile strength using film samples with thicknesses of approximately 40 μm is proposed in this paper. The immediate objective of this research is to demonstrate the fundamentals of surface strength testing and prove the feasibility of preparing films by tracking the evolution of the surface integrity. The test results show that layer‐by‐layer grinding and polishing is a feasible method for preparing film samples with sufficient area, controllable thickness, and well‐maintained surface integrity. During the preparation of the film samples, the roughness and micro‐hardness of the test side (the side kept unprepared for testing) are protected, and those of the processed side (the side that is ground and polished) are controlled. The residual stress on both sides is released to zero. The film specimens exhibit regular fracture behaviour in the tensile tests, and their stress–strain curves can be explained as weighted averages of the stress–strain functions of multiple layers.
Fang Quan; Zhitong Chen; Yu Zhu; Yun Zhang. A method of assessing the strength of metal surface using film samples on titanium alloy Ti‐1023. Strain 2019, 55, e12317 .
AMA StyleFang Quan, Zhitong Chen, Yu Zhu, Yun Zhang. A method of assessing the strength of metal surface using film samples on titanium alloy Ti‐1023. Strain. 2019; 55 (5):e12317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang Quan; Zhitong Chen; Yu Zhu; Yun Zhang. 2019. "A method of assessing the strength of metal surface using film samples on titanium alloy Ti‐1023." Strain 55, no. 5: e12317.
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising welding method for welding dissimilar materials without using welding flux. In the present work, 5A06-H112 and 6061-T651 aluminium alloys were successfully welded by friction stir welding with forced air cooling (FAC) and natural cooling (NC). Nanoindentation tests and microstructure characterisations revealed that forced air cooling, which can accelerate the cooling process and suppress the coarsening of grains and the dissolution of precipitate phases, contributes to strengthening and narrowing the weakest area of the joint. The tensile strength of joints with FAC were commonly improved by 10% compared to those with NC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fracture surface elucidated that FSW with FAC tended to increase the number and reduce the size of the dimples. These results demonstrated the advantages of FSW with FAC in welding heat-sensitive materials and provide fresh insight into welding industries.
Guangjian Peng; Qi Yan; Jiangjiang Hu; Peijian Chen; Zhitong Chen; Taihua Zhang. Effect of Forced Air Cooling on the Microstructures, Tensile Strength, and Hardness Distribution of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5A06-AA6061 Joints. Metals 2019, 9, 304 .
AMA StyleGuangjian Peng, Qi Yan, Jiangjiang Hu, Peijian Chen, Zhitong Chen, Taihua Zhang. Effect of Forced Air Cooling on the Microstructures, Tensile Strength, and Hardness Distribution of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5A06-AA6061 Joints. Metals. 2019; 9 (3):304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangjian Peng; Qi Yan; Jiangjiang Hu; Peijian Chen; Zhitong Chen; Taihua Zhang. 2019. "Effect of Forced Air Cooling on the Microstructures, Tensile Strength, and Hardness Distribution of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5A06-AA6061 Joints." Metals 9, no. 3: 304.
Cold atmospheric plasmas are currently gaining increasing attention for cancer therapy. However, very limited studies regarding the interaction mechanisms between plasma species and tissues are available. We report the interaction of plasma produced species ( and ) with gap junction by employing reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicate and radicals can chemically react with N-terminal of gap junction resulting in its structural damage. There are two breaking mechanisms being identified: C-N peptide bonds and C-C bonds can be damaged by and radicals, respectively. Our findings could be particularly important for understanding the plasma-generated reactive species triggering bystander effect based on gap junction intercellular communication.
Rong-Guang Xu; Zhitong Chen; Michael Keidar; Yongsheng Leng. The impact of radicals in cold atmospheric plasma on the structural modification of gap junction: a reactive molecular dynamics study. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2018, 10, 144 -155.
AMA StyleRong-Guang Xu, Zhitong Chen, Michael Keidar, Yongsheng Leng. The impact of radicals in cold atmospheric plasma on the structural modification of gap junction: a reactive molecular dynamics study. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials. 2018; 10 (2):144-155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRong-Guang Xu; Zhitong Chen; Michael Keidar; Yongsheng Leng. 2018. "The impact of radicals in cold atmospheric plasma on the structural modification of gap junction: a reactive molecular dynamics study." International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 10, no. 2: 144-155.
Aluminum alloy AA 6061-T651 and 5A06-H112 rolled plates were successfully welded by friction stir welding (FSW) at three rotation speeds of 600, 900, and 1200 rpm with two transverse speeds of 100 and 150 mm/min. Mechanical properties and strain field evolution of FSW AA 6061-AA 5A06 were characterized by the uniaxial tension and digital image correlation (DIC) tests. Furthermore, the hardness distribution map of whole cross section was obtained via the nanoindentation method with 700 indents. Both DIC and nanoindentation results reveal that the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of AA 6061 alloy is the softest area in the weldment, and the fracture happens in this region. The microstructure evolution characterized by electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) indicates that the continuous dynamic recrystallization is the primary grain structure evolution in the stirring zone, and the grain refinement helps improve the mechanical properties. Analyses of the micro- and macrofeatures of the fracture surfaces via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope suggest that the increasing of heat input could enlarge the size of HAZ and reduce the slant angle of HAZ and thus lead the fracture angle to decrease and cause the dimples change from inclined ones to normal ones.
Guangjian Peng; Yi Ma; Jiangjiang Hu; Weifeng Jiang; Yong Huan; Zhitong Chen; Taihua Zhang. Nanoindentation Hardness Distribution and Strain Field and Fracture Evolution in Dissimilar Friction Stir-Welded AA 6061-AA 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Joints. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 2018, 1 -11.
AMA StyleGuangjian Peng, Yi Ma, Jiangjiang Hu, Weifeng Jiang, Yong Huan, Zhitong Chen, Taihua Zhang. Nanoindentation Hardness Distribution and Strain Field and Fracture Evolution in Dissimilar Friction Stir-Welded AA 6061-AA 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Joints. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 2018 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangjian Peng; Yi Ma; Jiangjiang Hu; Weifeng Jiang; Yong Huan; Zhitong Chen; Taihua Zhang. 2018. "Nanoindentation Hardness Distribution and Strain Field and Fracture Evolution in Dissimilar Friction Stir-Welded AA 6061-AA 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Joints." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018, no. : 1-11.
The evaluation of CAP in cancer treatment has been significantly fueled by the growing demand for more effective therapies. CAP has been reported as a selective treatment method with a higher affinity of inducing cell death in cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. However, the extent of its effectiveness varies significantly per cancer type. Studies have revealed that different types of cancers exhibit different response to treatment when exposed to the same CAP conditions. Therefore, an understanding of the immediate effect of CAP on cancer cells may enable improvement of treatment outcomes [1]. We demonstrated that instantaneous CAP response can be monitored in real-time by RealTime-Glo Assay with results interpreted as cell viability. This creates the possibility for developing an adaptive CAP approach platform which could enable real-time modification of the plasma treatment condition. In particular, the composition of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the intensity of CAP, which is effected by discharge voltage and length of treatment, can be optimized with a feedback system at regular intervals to minimize the predicted viability of cancer cells [1, 2]. In an in vitro proof-of-concept study conducted in glioblastoma and breast cancer cells, we showed that CAP reduced cell viability in a dose dependent manner as a function of treatment duration and plasma discharge voltage. In fact, a 30-60 second increase in treatment duration and/or a discharge voltage adjustment from 3.16 to 3.71 kV, was consistently accompanied with a significant reduction in cell viability. Therefore, these two operational parameters can be utilized for adjusting plasma composition and improving treatment outcomes. In addition to the cell viability findings, we determined that CAP inhibited cancer cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis via damage to the mitochondrial membrane and deregulation of the protein synthesis mechanism [2]. The work completed in this study will serve as the foundation for the development of the adaptive CAP platform. The novel platform will intend to propel CAP therapy forefront other well-established therapies associated with cancer treatment.
Eda Gjika; Sonali Pal-Ghosh; Li Lin; Gauri Tadvalkar; Zhitong Chen; Colin Young; Jerome Canady; Jonathan Sherman; Mary Ann Stepp; Michael Keidar. Adaptation Of Operational Parameters Of Cold Atmospheric Plasma And Their Role In Cancer Therapy. Clinical Plasma Medicine 2018, 9, 16 -17.
AMA StyleEda Gjika, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Li Lin, Gauri Tadvalkar, Zhitong Chen, Colin Young, Jerome Canady, Jonathan Sherman, Mary Ann Stepp, Michael Keidar. Adaptation Of Operational Parameters Of Cold Atmospheric Plasma And Their Role In Cancer Therapy. Clinical Plasma Medicine. 2018; 9 ():16-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEda Gjika; Sonali Pal-Ghosh; Li Lin; Gauri Tadvalkar; Zhitong Chen; Colin Young; Jerome Canady; Jonathan Sherman; Mary Ann Stepp; Michael Keidar. 2018. "Adaptation Of Operational Parameters Of Cold Atmospheric Plasma And Their Role In Cancer Therapy." Clinical Plasma Medicine 9, no. : 16-17.
Atmospheric discharge between a metal pin cathode and saline solution anode with different air gap lengths was considered for investigating plasma selforganization patterns (SOPs) at the liquid anode surface. We report the effect of plasma-activated saline solutions on human pancreas adenocarcinoma cancer cells line (BxPC-3) and human pancreatic duct epithelial normal cells line (H6c7). The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) resulted in the anti-cancer properties of plasma-activated saline solution.
Zhitong Chen; Li Lin; Eda Gjika; Xiaoqian Cheng; Jerome Canady; Michael Keidar. Selective Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Plasma-Activated Saline Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences 2017, 2, 116 -120.
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Li Lin, Eda Gjika, Xiaoqian Cheng, Jerome Canady, Michael Keidar. Selective Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Plasma-Activated Saline Solutions. IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences. 2017; 2 (2):116-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Li Lin; Eda Gjika; Xiaoqian Cheng; Jerome Canady; Michael Keidar. 2017. "Selective Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Plasma-Activated Saline Solutions." IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences 2, no. 2: 116-120.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment is a rapidly expanding and emerging technology for cancer treatment. Direct CAP jet irradiation is limited to the skin and it can also be invoked as a supplement therapy during surgery as it only causes cell death in the upper three to five cell layers. However, the current cannulas from which the plasma emanates are too large for intracranial applications. To enhance efficiency and expand the applicability of the CAP method for brain tumors and reduce the gas flow rate and size of the plasma jet, a novel micro-sized CAP device (µCAP) was developed and employed to target glioblastoma tumors in the murine brain. Various plasma diagnostic techniques were applied to evaluate the physics of helium µCAP such as electron density, discharge voltage, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The direct and indirect effects of µCAP on glioblastoma (U87MG-RedFluc) cancer cells were investigated in vitro. The results indicate that µCAP generates short- and long-lived species and radicals (i.e., hydroxyl radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrite (NO2−), etc.) with increasing tumor cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Translation of these findings to an in vivo setting demonstrates that intracranial µCAP is effective at preventing glioblastoma tumor growth in the mouse brain. The µCAP device can be safely used in mice, resulting in suppression of tumor growth. These initial observations establish the µCAP device as a potentially useful ablative therapy tool in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Zhitong Chen; Hayk Simonyan; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Li Lin; Jerome Canady; Jonathan H. Sherman; Colin Young; Michael Keidar. A Novel Micro Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device for Glioblastoma Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers 2017, 9, 61 .
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Hayk Simonyan, Xiaoqian Cheng, Eda Gjika, Li Lin, Jerome Canady, Jonathan H. Sherman, Colin Young, Michael Keidar. A Novel Micro Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device for Glioblastoma Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers. 2017; 9 (12):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Hayk Simonyan; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Li Lin; Jerome Canady; Jonathan H. Sherman; Colin Young; Michael Keidar. 2017. "A Novel Micro Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device for Glioblastoma Both In Vitro and In Vivo." Cancers 9, no. 12: 61.
Front Cover: Cold atmospheric plasma generated in deionized water has potential to be non invasively delivered, combined with other drugs or used as standalone drug and injected into tumors. Further details can be found in the article by Zhitong Cheng et al. on page 1151.
Zhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 12∕2016. Plasma Processes and Polymers 2016, 13, 1135 -1135.
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Li Lin, Xiaoqian Cheng, Eda Gjika, Michael Keidar. Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 12∕2016. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2016; 13 (12):1135-1135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. 2016. "Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 12∕2016." Plasma Processes and Polymers 13, no. 12: 1135-1135.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a novel technology for cancer treatment. CAP can directly treat cells and tissue but such direct application is limited to skin or can be invoked as a supplement during open surgery. In this study we report indirect plasma treatment using CAP discharged in deionized (DI) water using three gases as carriers (argon (Ar), helium (He), and nitrogen (N2)). Plasma stimulated water was applied to the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay tests showed that using Ar plasma had the strongest effect on inducing apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer cells. This result is attributed to the elevated production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in water.
Zhitong Chen; Xiaoqian Cheng; Li Lin; Michael Keidar. Cold atmospheric plasma discharged in water and its potential use in cancer therapy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2016, 50, 015208 .
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Xiaoqian Cheng, Li Lin, Michael Keidar. Cold atmospheric plasma discharged in water and its potential use in cancer therapy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2016; 50 (1):015208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Xiaoqian Cheng; Li Lin; Michael Keidar. 2016. "Cold atmospheric plasma discharged in water and its potential use in cancer therapy." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 1: 015208.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was shown to affect cells not only directly, but also indirectly by means of plasma pre-treated solution. This study investigated a new application of CAP generated in deionized (DI) water for the cancer therapy. In our experiments, the CAP solution was generated in DI water using helium as carrier gas. We report on the effects of this plasma solution in breast (MDA-MD-231) and gastric (NCI-N87) cancer cells. The results revealed that apoptosis efficiency was dependent on the plasma exposure time and on the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The plasma solution that resulted from 30-min treatment of DI water had the most significant effect in the rate of apoptosis.
Zhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. Effects of cold atmospheric plasma generated in deionized water in cell cancer therapy. Plasma Processes and Polymers 2016, 13, 1151 -1156.
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Li Lin, Xiaoqian Cheng, Eda Gjika, Michael Keidar. Effects of cold atmospheric plasma generated in deionized water in cell cancer therapy. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2016; 13 (12):1151-1156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. 2016. "Effects of cold atmospheric plasma generated in deionized water in cell cancer therapy." Plasma Processes and Polymers 13, no. 12: 1151-1156.
Nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) can be applied to living tissues and cells as a novel technology for cancer therapy. The authors report on a NTAP argon solution generated in deionized (DI) water for treating human gastric cancer cells (NCI-N87). Our findings show that the plasma generated in DI water with 30-min duration has the strongest effect on apoptosis in precultured human gastric cancer cells. This result can be attributed to the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced in water during treatment. Furthermore, the data show that the elevated levels of RNS may play a more significant role than ROS in the rate of cell death.
Zhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with nonthermal atmospheric plasma generated in water. Biointerphases 2016, 11, 031010 .
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Li Lin, Xiaoqian Cheng, Eda Gjika, Michael Keidar. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with nonthermal atmospheric plasma generated in water. Biointerphases. 2016; 11 (3):031010.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. 2016. "Treatment of gastric cancer cells with nonthermal atmospheric plasma generated in water." Biointerphases 11, no. 3: 031010.
Non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) can be applied to living tissues and cells as a novel technology for cancer therapy. Even though studies report on the successful use of NTAP to directly irradiate cancer cells, this technology can cause cell death only in the upper 3-5 cell layers. We report on a NTAP argon solution generated in DI water for treating human gastric cancer cells (NCl-N87). Our findings showed that the plasma generated in DI water during a 30-minute treatment had the strongest affect in inducing apoptosis in cultured human gastric cancer cells. This result can be attributed to presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced in water during treatment. Furthermore, the data showed that elevated levels of RNS may play an even more significant role than ROS in the rate of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
Zhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with non-thermal atmospheric plasma generated in water. 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Li Lin, Xiaoqian Cheng, Eda Gjika, Michael Keidar. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with non-thermal atmospheric plasma generated in water. . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Li Lin; Xiaoqian Cheng; Eda Gjika; Michael Keidar. 2016. "Treatment of gastric cancer cells with non-thermal atmospheric plasma generated in water." , no. : 1.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been emerged as a novel technology for cancer treatment. CAP can directly treat cells and tissue but such direct application is limited to skin or can be invoked as a supplement during open surgery. In this study we report indirect plasma treatment using CAP discharged in DI water using three gases as carriers (argon, helium and nitrogen). Plasma stimulated water was applied to human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). MTT assay tests showed that using argon plasma had the strongest effect on inducing apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer cells. This result is attributed to the elevated production of the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in water in the case of argon plasma.
Zhitong Chen; Xiaoqian Cheng; Li Lin; Michael Keidar. Cold Atmospheric Plasma discharged in Water and its Potential Use in Cancer Therapy. 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleZhitong Chen, Xiaoqian Cheng, Li Lin, Michael Keidar. Cold Atmospheric Plasma discharged in Water and its Potential Use in Cancer Therapy. . 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhitong Chen; Xiaoqian Cheng; Li Lin; Michael Keidar. 2016. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma discharged in Water and its Potential Use in Cancer Therapy." , no. : 1.