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Saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) is undergoing population declination and fragmentation due to climate change and human disturbance. The existing restoration strategies usually focus on improving the environmental conditions based on the environment–saltcedar relationship, while they ignore the role of spatial autocorrelation resulting from biological interaction and ecological processes. This oversight limits the efficiency and sustainability of the restoration. Here, we explored the spatial pattern of the saltcedar population in the Yellow River Delta, China, and its relationship with environmental factors, incorporating spatial autocorrelation. The plant and soil parameters were extracted by an airborne LiDAR system integrated with fixed soil environment measurements. The environment–saltcedar relationship incorporating spatial autocorrelation was evaluated with different regression models. Results showed that saltcedars aggregated at small scales (2–6 m), resulting from intraspecific facilitation and wind dispersal of seeds, while intraspecific competition was responsible for the random distribution at large scales (>10 m). The long-distance dispersal of seeds through water explained the significant positive spatial autocorrelation of saltcedars at distances up to 125 m. Consequently, resulting from intraspecific facilitation and seed dispersal, aggregation distribution and positive spatial autocorrelation within the saltcedar population improved the adaptability of saltcedar to environmental stress and thereby reduced the impact of environmental factors on the abundance of saltcedar.
Le Jiao; Yue Zhang; Tao Sun; Wei Yang; Dongdong Shao; Peng Zhang; Qiang Liu. Spatial Analysis as a Tool for Plant Population Conservation: A Case Study of Tamarix chinensis in the Yellow River Delta, China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8291 .
AMA StyleLe Jiao, Yue Zhang, Tao Sun, Wei Yang, Dongdong Shao, Peng Zhang, Qiang Liu. Spatial Analysis as a Tool for Plant Population Conservation: A Case Study of Tamarix chinensis in the Yellow River Delta, China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe Jiao; Yue Zhang; Tao Sun; Wei Yang; Dongdong Shao; Peng Zhang; Qiang Liu. 2021. "Spatial Analysis as a Tool for Plant Population Conservation: A Case Study of Tamarix chinensis in the Yellow River Delta, China." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8291.
Economic development and increasing population density along the lower reaches of the Yellow river have challenged the river’s ability to meet human and ecological demand. The evaluation of the sustainability of water resources in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is of great significance for the achievement of high-quality development in the region. Based on an improved ecological footprint method considering soil water, the spatial and temporal evolution of the water resources ecological footprint and water resources carrying capacity and evaluates the utilization of water resources in the lower Yellow River are comprehensively evaluated. The results show that agricultural water consumption in the urban agglomerations in the lower reaches of the Yellow River occupies a major position in water consumption, accounting for more than 70%. In 2013–2017, the per capita water resources ecological footprint of the cities along the lower reaches of the Yellow River decreases every year, while the water resources carrying capacity is slightly fluctuating, but remains in a relatively stable state. The deficit situation has eased, falling by 54.52% in the past five years. The water use efficiency of the lower reaches of the Yellow River has increased every year, and the water resources conflict improved significantly, after the implementation of the new environmental policy in 2015. In terms of space, the cities with the smallest per capita ecological deficits include Zibo, Zhengzhou, and Laiwu City, and Dezhou, and Kaifeng and Binzhou City have the largest. Strict water resources management measures and water pollution prevention and control regulations should be formulated to improve the water use efficiency in these areas in order to solve the problem of water shortage.
Hui Li; Fen Zhao; Chunhui Li; Yujun Yi; Jiuhe Bu; Xuan Wang; Qiang Liu; Anping Shu. An Improved Ecological Footprint Method for Water Resources Utilization Assessment in the Cities. Water 2020, 12, 503 .
AMA StyleHui Li, Fen Zhao, Chunhui Li, Yujun Yi, Jiuhe Bu, Xuan Wang, Qiang Liu, Anping Shu. An Improved Ecological Footprint Method for Water Resources Utilization Assessment in the Cities. Water. 2020; 12 (2):503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui Li; Fen Zhao; Chunhui Li; Yujun Yi; Jiuhe Bu; Xuan Wang; Qiang Liu; Anping Shu. 2020. "An Improved Ecological Footprint Method for Water Resources Utilization Assessment in the Cities." Water 12, no. 2: 503.
The biodiversity and integrity of river ecosystems are depending on the natural streamflow regime. Therefore, assessing alteration of hydrologic regimes becomes a fundamental step in river ecosystem protection and restoration. In this paper, the Range of Variability Approach (RVA) was used to analyze the alteration hydrologic regimes from 1959 to 2016 in the Tang River, the upstream of Baiyangdian Lake Basin, China. Several results can be drawn: (i) annual streamflow presented a decreasing trend, and an abrupt change was detected in 1979; (ii) the significant changed indicators of hydrologic variation in upstream of Baiyangdian Lake Basin were the monthly streamflow in March, April, August, November, time of 3-day and 90-day maximum streamflow, date of maximum streamflow occurrence, rise rate and number of reversals; and (iii) monthly water should be restored in flood and delivered in non-flood season, and annual extreme streamflow frequency and duration of high and low streamflow also should be regulated to maintain the streamflow regimes in the Tang River Basin, China. The results will help to provide the suitable ecological streamflow and maintain the integrity of river ecosystem in changing environment.
Yingshan Sun; Qiang Liu; Xiaomin Yuan; Sirui Yan. Assessment of Streamflow Regime Alterations in Tang River, China. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 136, 04003 .
AMA StyleYingshan Sun, Qiang Liu, Xiaomin Yuan, Sirui Yan. Assessment of Streamflow Regime Alterations in Tang River, China. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 136 ():04003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingshan Sun; Qiang Liu; Xiaomin Yuan; Sirui Yan. 2019. "Assessment of Streamflow Regime Alterations in Tang River, China." E3S Web of Conferences 136, no. : 04003.
Glacier mass balance is a critical parameter in assessing glacial changes and meltwater runoff associated with climate change. This study used a modified distributed surface energy balance model (DSEBM) at 3 h temporal and 100 × 100 m spatial resolutions to reconstruct a 1960–2009 mass balance time series of the alpine Dongkemadi Glacier (DKMD) in the central region of the Tibetan Plateau. The modified DSEBM model was able to reasonably simulate glacier mass balance estimations. The average annual mass balance of the reconstructed long‐term time series was ‐0.125 m w.e. (meter water equivalent), and the cumulative mass balance was ‐6.245 m w.e. throughout 1960–2009. Simulation results revealed that the glacier mass balance was more readily influenced by changes in air temperature (‐362 mm w.e. (millimeter water equivalent)) than changes in precipitation (+138 mm w.e.). Therefore, a decreasing trend in the annual mass balance mainly derived from increasing air temperature throughout the simulated study period, although increasing precipitation inhibited the glacier ablation trend to some extent. Throughout 1960–2009, the glacial ablation zone expanded as shown by an increase in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). This study offers comprehensive information on an important glacier monitored under harsh environmental conditions while aiding in our understanding of glacial response to climate change, using a method that can be applied to other glaciers to which mass balance observations are limited.
Liqiao Liang; Lan Cuo; Qiang Liu. Mass Balance Variation and Associative Climate Drivers for the Dongkemadi Glacier in the Central Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2019, 124, 10814 -10825.
AMA StyleLiqiao Liang, Lan Cuo, Qiang Liu. Mass Balance Variation and Associative Climate Drivers for the Dongkemadi Glacier in the Central Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2019; 124 (20):10814-10825.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiqiao Liang; Lan Cuo; Qiang Liu. 2019. "Mass Balance Variation and Associative Climate Drivers for the Dongkemadi Glacier in the Central Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 20: 10814-10825.
This study researched the individual and combined impacts of future LULC and climate changes on water balance in the upper reaches of the Beiluo River basin on the Loess Plateau of China, using the scenarios of RCP4.5 and 8.5 of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate data indicated that both precipitation and temperature increased at seasonal and annual scales from 2020 to 2050 under RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The future land use changes were predicted through the CA-Markov model. The land use predictions of 2025, 2035, and 2045 indicated rising forest areas with decreased agricultural land and grassland. In this study, three scenarios including only LULC change, only climate change, and combined climate and LULC change were established. The SWAT model was calibrated, validated, and used to simulate the water balance under the three scenarios. The results showed that increased rainfall and temperature may lead to increased runoff, water yield, and ET in spring, summer, and autumn and to decreased runoff, water yield, and ET in winter from 2020 to 2050. However, LULC change, compared with climate change, may have a smaller impact on the water balance. On an annual scale, runoff and water yield may gradually decrease, but ET may increase. The combined effects of both LULC and climate changes on water balance in the future were similar to the variation trend of climate changes alone at both annual and seasonal scales. The results obtained in this study provide further insight into the availability of future streamflow and can aid in water resource management planning in the study area.
Rui Yan; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Xuan Wang; Qiang Liu. Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1443 .
AMA StyleRui Yan, Yanpeng Cai, Chunhui Li, Xuan Wang, Qiang Liu. Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Yan; Yanpeng Cai; Chunhui Li; Xuan Wang; Qiang Liu. 2019. "Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land Use Changes in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1443.
Coarse-resolution satellite albedo products are important for climate change and energy balance research because of their capability to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of land surface parameters at both the regional and global scales. The accuracy of coarse-resolution products is usually assessed via comparison with in situ measurements. The key issue in the comparison of remote sensing observations with in situ measurements is scaling and uncertainty. This paper presents a strategy for validating 1-km-resolution remote sensing albedo products using field measurements and high-resolution remote sensing observations. Field measurements were collected to calibrate the high-resolution (30 m) albedo products derived from HJ-1a/b images. Then, the calibrated high-resolution albedo maps were resampled (i.e., upscaled) to assess the accuracy of the coarse-resolution albedo products. The samples of field measurements and high-resolution pixels are based on an uncertainty analysis. Two types of coarse-resolution albedo datasets, from global land surface satellite (GLASS) and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), are validated over the middle reaches of the Heihe River in China. The results indicate that the upscaled HJ (Huan Jing means environment in Chinese and this refers to a satellite constellation designed for environment and disaster monitoring by China) albedo, which was calibrated using field measurements, can provide accurate reference values for validating coarse-resolution satellite albedo products. However, the uncertainties in the upscaled HJ albedo should be estimated, and pixels with large uncertainties should be excluded from the validation process.
Jingjing Peng; Qiang Liu; Jianguang Wen; Qinhuo Liu; Yong Tang; Lizhao Wang; Baocheng Dou; DongQin You; Changkui Sun; Xiaojie Zhao; Youbin Feng; Jian Shi. Multi-scale validation strategy for satellite albedo products and its uncertainty analysis. Science China Earth Sciences 2014, 58, 573 -588.
AMA StyleJingjing Peng, Qiang Liu, Jianguang Wen, Qinhuo Liu, Yong Tang, Lizhao Wang, Baocheng Dou, DongQin You, Changkui Sun, Xiaojie Zhao, Youbin Feng, Jian Shi. Multi-scale validation strategy for satellite albedo products and its uncertainty analysis. Science China Earth Sciences. 2014; 58 (4):573-588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingjing Peng; Qiang Liu; Jianguang Wen; Qinhuo Liu; Yong Tang; Lizhao Wang; Baocheng Dou; DongQin You; Changkui Sun; Xiaojie Zhao; Youbin Feng; Jian Shi. 2014. "Multi-scale validation strategy for satellite albedo products and its uncertainty analysis." Science China Earth Sciences 58, no. 4: 573-588.
Interactions between climate change, vegetation, and soil regulate hydrological processes. In this study, it was assumed that vegetation type and extent remained fixed and unchanged throughout the study period, while the effective rooting depth (Ze) changed under climate change scenarios. Budyko's hydrological model was used to explore the impact of climate change and vegetation on evapotranspiration (E) and streamflow (Q) on the static vegetation rooting depth and the dynamic vegetation rooting depth. Results showed that both precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (Ep) exhibited negative trends, which resulted in decreasing trends for dynamic Ze scenarios. Combined with climatic change, decreasing trends in Ze altered the partitioning of P into E and Q. For dynamic scenarios, total E and Q were predicted to be −1.73 and 28.22%, respectively, greater than static scenarios. Although climate change regulated changes in E and Q, the response of Ze to climate change had a greater overall contribution to changes in hydrological processes. Results from this study suggest that with the exception of vegetation type and extent, Ze scenarios were able to alter water balances, which in itself should help to regulate climate change impacts on water resources.
Qiang Liu; Z. Yang; Luhong Liang; Wang Nan. Do changes in climate or vegetation regulate evapotranspiration and streamflow trends in water-limited basins? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2014, 11, 11183 -11202.
AMA StyleQiang Liu, Z. Yang, Luhong Liang, Wang Nan. Do changes in climate or vegetation regulate evapotranspiration and streamflow trends in water-limited basins? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2014; 11 (10):11183-11202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Liu; Z. Yang; Luhong Liang; Wang Nan. 2014. "Do changes in climate or vegetation regulate evapotranspiration and streamflow trends in water-limited basins?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 10: 11183-11202.
Interactions between surface water and groundwater (SW-GW), composed of complex hydrological networks, maintain a dynamic balance between water regimes and salinity in coastal wetlands. Impacted by reclamation activity, however, changes in water regimes and salinity have resulted in wetland degradation. To mitigate such reclamation impacts on coastal wetlands, it is vital to understand the role of SW-GW interactions involved in maintaining the integrity of coastal wetlands. The objectives of this review were to: (i) outlining SW-GW interactions; (ii) addressing ecological responses to changes in water regimes and salinity; and (iii) exploring modeling techniques used to ascertain interactions between groundwater and coastal wetlands. Key findings are as follows: SW-GW interactions control water regimes and salinity while maintaining the integrity of coastal wetlands; the combined effects of water and salinity have an impact on ecological processes and patterns disturbed by hydrological pulses; and the distribution of physically-based models is an approach that can provide a profound means by which to understand the vital role in maintaining hydrological connectivity. Further research is required to fully reveal SW-GW interactions in maintaining coastal wetlands integrity and the mitigating effects reclamation has on coastal wetlands.
Qiang Liu; Xia Mou. Interactions Between Surface Water and Groundwater: Key Processes in Ecological Restoration of Degraded Coastal Wetlands Caused by Reclamation. Wetlands 2014, 36, 95 -102.
AMA StyleQiang Liu, Xia Mou. Interactions Between Surface Water and Groundwater: Key Processes in Ecological Restoration of Degraded Coastal Wetlands Caused by Reclamation. Wetlands. 2014; 36 (S1):95-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Liu; Xia Mou. 2014. "Interactions Between Surface Water and Groundwater: Key Processes in Ecological Restoration of Degraded Coastal Wetlands Caused by Reclamation." Wetlands 36, no. S1: 95-102.
Qiang Liu; Liqiao Liang. Impacts of climate change on the water balance of a large nonhumid natural basin in China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2014, 121, 489 -497.
AMA StyleQiang Liu, Liqiao Liang. Impacts of climate change on the water balance of a large nonhumid natural basin in China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2014; 121 ():489-497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Liu; Liqiao Liang. 2014. "Impacts of climate change on the water balance of a large nonhumid natural basin in China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 121, no. : 489-497.
A pot culture experiment with four levels of soil water content (waterlogged condition, 90%, 75% and 60% of field capacity) and five levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mM) was conducted to examine the physiological responses of salt meadows Phragmites australis to soil water content and NaCl salinity in the Yellow River Delta, China. Results indicated that (i) the combined effects of soil water and NaCl salinity had significant influences on the light‐saturated photosynthetic rate (Pn max, F = 7·19, P < 0·01), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, F = 24·92, P < 0·01) and stomatal conductance (gs, F = 18·16, P < 0·01) at light saturation of this species. The light‐saturated photosynthetic rate (Pn max) was the largest at 90% of field capacity with 60 mM NaCl salinity treatment (13·10 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, SD ± 0·46) and decreased with the increase of NaCl salinity and water deficit. Under severe water and salinity stress, Pn max decreased with Ci rising substantially, which means the non‐stomatal limitations of P. australis occur; (ii) stress resistance in the salt meadow P. australis was closely related to the retention of a relatively higher water status and a higher content of potassium (K+) in leaves; and (iii) both content of sodium (Na+) and proline were significant increased by water stress and NaCl salinity stress, and the leaf proline content was positively correlated with the leaf Na+ content (r = 0·837, n = 60). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zhifeng Yang; Tao Xie; Qiang Liu. Physiological responses ofPhragmites australisto the combined effects of water and salinity stress. Ecohydrology 2013, 7, 420 -426.
AMA StyleZhifeng Yang, Tao Xie, Qiang Liu. Physiological responses ofPhragmites australisto the combined effects of water and salinity stress. Ecohydrology. 2013; 7 (2):420-426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhifeng Yang; Tao Xie; Qiang Liu. 2013. "Physiological responses ofPhragmites australisto the combined effects of water and salinity stress." Ecohydrology 7, no. 2: 420-426.
Potential evaporation (ETp) is influenced by meteorological variables such as net radiation, wind speed, relative humidity and air temperature. Therefore, changes in ETp directly reflect climate change and can be used to diagnose the water requirement of different regions. This study addresses the contribution of select meteorological variables to changes in ETp in Haihe River Basin in China from 1959 to 2008 by sensitive analysis, attribution analysis and relative changes method. The results show that: (i) The ETp presented positive and negative trends during 1959-1998 and 1999-2008, respectively, which resulted in a slightly overall decreasing trend from 1959-2008; (ii) The sensitivity coefficients estimated using sensitive analysis presented clear spatial differences for each variable with the ETp being most sensitive to relative humidity, followed by net radiation, air temperature and wind speed; (iii) By the relative changes method, the ETp, was most sensitive to net radiation, followed by relative humidity, air temperature and wind speed; (iv) Interestingly, the attribution analysis of changes of ETp showed that air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and net radiation affected ETp in decreasing order of magnitude from 1959-1998 whereas from 1999-2008, relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed and net radiation affected ETp in decreasing order of magnitude. This differential contribution of the variables to changes in ETp over time could explain the slightly decreasing trend in ETp from 1959-2008. Furthermore, this indicates that attribution analysis can draw a clear picture of how climate change impacts changes in ETp. This may provide insights into water resources management in the non-humid region, the Haihe River basin, China.
Q. Liu; X.H. Xia. Contribution of meteorological variables to changes in potential evaporation in Haihe River Basin, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences 2012, 13, 1836 -1845.
AMA StyleQ. Liu, X.H. Xia. Contribution of meteorological variables to changes in potential evaporation in Haihe River Basin, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2012; 13 ():1836-1845.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQ. Liu; X.H. Xia. 2012. "Contribution of meteorological variables to changes in potential evaporation in Haihe River Basin, China." Procedia Environmental Sciences 13, no. : 1836-1845.
Climate changes impact hydrological processes and control streamflow at the basin scale. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of climate change on streamflow in the Yellow River basin (YRB), China. The temporal trends of streamflow were explored by the Mann–Kendall method and a linear fit model, and the relationships between streamflow, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ETp) were investigated. Furthermore, the contribution of climate changes to streamflow was revealed by Budyko’s method and a simple water balance model. The following results were obtained: (i) decreasing abruptness in streamflow occurred in 1990, and this date was used to divide the streamflow into two periods (baseline period and period of change); (ii) 67 of 80 stations showed decreasing trends with an average reduction of 10.37% of annual precipitation changes, while most of the stations displayed increasing trends with a 3.71% increase in annual ETp; (iii) the precipitation and ETp elasticity of streamflow, as expected, revealed that streamflow increases with increasing precipitation, whereas it decreases with increasing ETp; and (iv) the changes of precipitation and ETp reflected complementary effects on the reduction of streamflow from the baseline period to the period of change, the decreasing trend in precipitation being the main cause for the reduction of streamflow, but the declining rates of ETp causing a slight increase in streamflow.
Zhifeng Yang; Qiang Liu. Response of Streamflow to Climate Changes in the Yellow River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2011, 12, 1113 -1126.
AMA StyleZhifeng Yang, Qiang Liu. Response of Streamflow to Climate Changes in the Yellow River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 2011; 12 (5):1113-1126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhifeng Yang; Qiang Liu. 2011. "Response of Streamflow to Climate Changes in the Yellow River Basin, China." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 5: 1113-1126.
Climate changes impact hydrological processes and control streamflow at the basin scale. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of climate change on streamflow in the Yellow River basin (YRB), China. The temporal trends of streamflow were explored by the Mann–Kendall method and a linear fit model, and the relationships between streamflow, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ETp) were investigated. Furthermore, the contribution of climate changes to streamflow was revealed by Budyko’s method and a simple water balance model. The following results were obtained: (i) decreasing abruptness in streamflow occurred in 1990, and this date was used to divide the streamflow into two periods (baseline period and period of change); (ii) 67 of 80 stations showed decreasing trends with an average reduction of 10.37% of annual precipitation changes, while most of the stations displayed increasing trends with a 3.71% increase in annual ETp; (iii) the precipitation and ETp elasticity of streamflow, as expected, revealed that streamflow increases with increasing precipitation, whereas it decreases with increasing ETp; and (iv) the changes of precipitation and ETp reflected complementary effects on the reduction of streamflow from the baseline period to the period of change, the decreasing trend in precipitation being the main cause for the reduction of streamflow, but the declining rates of ETp causing a slight increase in streamflow.
Zhifeng Yang; Qiang Liu. Response of streamflow to climate changes in the Yellow River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2011, 1 .
AMA StyleZhifeng Yang, Qiang Liu. Response of streamflow to climate changes in the Yellow River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 2011; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhifeng Yang; Qiang Liu. 2011. "Response of streamflow to climate changes in the Yellow River Basin, China." Journal of Hydrometeorology , no. : 1.