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Dr. FIAZ AHMAD
Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Agricultural Machinery
0 Agricultural Mechanization
0 Simulation and design
0 UAV sprayer
0 STAM Approach

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Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Agriculture
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Research shows that the accurate acquisition of flight parameters of the plant protection UAV and accurate evaluation of flight parameter quality have great significance for improving the effect and precision of spraying. In order to further improve the accuracy of the flight parameter quality evaluation of the plant protection UAV, this study conducted an evaluation and experiment of the flight parameter quality of the plant protection UAV using a laser tracker. The experimental results showed that the current plant protection UAV used the average altitude and speed of the onboard sensors to determine whether it reached the preset flight operation parameters, but this interpretation method could not accurately reflect the actual flight situation. Laser trackers could obtain more accurate flight parameters, especially instantaneous flight parameters. Compared with the laser tracker, the flight trajectory, altitude, and speed of the UAV reflected by onboard sensors were erroneous and tended to be smooth and stable. This method can obtain more accurate flight parameters, improve the accuracy of the flight parameter quality evaluation of the plant protection UAV, and provide data support and a reference for the precision spraying and performance improvement of the plant protection UAV.

ACS Style

Xin Huang; Xiaoya Dong; Jing Ma; Kuan Liu; Shibbir Ahmed; Jinlong Lin; Fiaz Ahmad; Baijing Qiu. Evaluation and Experiment of Flight Parameter Quality of the Plant Protection UAV Based on Laser Tracker. Agriculture 2021, 11, 628 .

AMA Style

Xin Huang, Xiaoya Dong, Jing Ma, Kuan Liu, Shibbir Ahmed, Jinlong Lin, Fiaz Ahmad, Baijing Qiu. Evaluation and Experiment of Flight Parameter Quality of the Plant Protection UAV Based on Laser Tracker. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (7):628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Huang; Xiaoya Dong; Jing Ma; Kuan Liu; Shibbir Ahmed; Jinlong Lin; Fiaz Ahmad; Baijing Qiu. 2021. "Evaluation and Experiment of Flight Parameter Quality of the Plant Protection UAV Based on Laser Tracker." Agriculture 11, no. 7: 628.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Sustainability
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The grouser height and soil conditions have a considerable influence on the tractive performance of single-track shoe. A soil bin-based research was conducted to assess the influence of grouser height on the tractive performance of single-track shoe at different moisture contents of clay loam soil. Eight moisture contents (7.5, 12, 16.7, 21.5, 26.2, 30.7, 35.8, and 38%) and three grouser heights (45, 55, and 60 mm) were comprised during this study. The tractive performance parameters of (thrust, running resistance, and traction) were determined by penetration test. A sensor-based soil bin was designed for penetration tests, which was included penetration system (AC motor, loadcell, and displacement sensor). The test results revealed that soil cohesion was decreased, and adhesion was increased after 16.7% moisture content. Soil thrust at lateral sides and bottom of grouser were increased before 16.7%, and then decreased for all the three heights but the major decrease was observed at 45 mm height. The motion resistance was linearly decreased, the more reduction was on 45 mm at 38% moisture content. The traction of the single-track shoe was decreased with a rise in moisture content, the maximum decrease was on 45 mm grouser height at 38% moisture content. It could be concluded that an off-road tracked vehicle (crawler combine harvester) with 45 mm grouser height of single-track shoe could be operated towards a moderate moisture content range (16.7–21.5%) under paddy soil for better traction.

ACS Style

Sher Shaikh; Yaoming Li; Ma Zheng; Farman Chandio; Fiaz Ahmad; Mazhar Tunio; Irfan Abbas. Effect of Grouser Height on the Tractive Performance of Single Grouser Shoe under Different Soil Moisture Contents in Clay Loam Terrain. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1156 .

AMA Style

Sher Shaikh, Yaoming Li, Ma Zheng, Farman Chandio, Fiaz Ahmad, Mazhar Tunio, Irfan Abbas. Effect of Grouser Height on the Tractive Performance of Single Grouser Shoe under Different Soil Moisture Contents in Clay Loam Terrain. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sher Shaikh; Yaoming Li; Ma Zheng; Farman Chandio; Fiaz Ahmad; Mazhar Tunio; Irfan Abbas. 2021. "Effect of Grouser Height on the Tractive Performance of Single Grouser Shoe under Different Soil Moisture Contents in Clay Loam Terrain." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1156.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Sustainability
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The pink bollworm is one of the most dangerous pests of cotton crops. In order to control it, a number of methods, including physical, chemical, and biological control, have been used. Cotton crop is under threat by various pests, but pink bollworm is its worst enemy, as it not only reduces yield, but also affects the cotton fiber quality. Cotton bolls are the oviposition sites of this pest. The application of chemicals does not affect pink bollworms’ efficiently due to their hidden position in the cotton bolls. Therefore, their accommodation has to be destroyed. A cotton stalk puller shredder (designed and developed by Agriculture Mechanization Research Institute, Multan (AMRI) and Agritech Industry Multan) was tested to determine its field performance. The performance evaluation of the machine was conducted in a goat-grazed and an ungrazed field. The machine was tested at three engine speeds and three levels of forward ground speed. A finite element analysis of parts of the cotton stalk puller-shredder was performed for the purpose of improving the machine’s efficiency. A static structure analysis of the soil cutting blade at four attachment angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) showed that a maximum equivalent stress of 584 MPa at 75° and a maximum total deformation of 0.75 mm and maximum directional deformation of 0.74 mm were observed with a blade attachment angle of 75°.

ACS Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Muhammad Tahir Jamil; Alamgir Akhtar Khan; Zahid Mehmood-Khan; Baijing Qiu; Jing Ma; Farman Ali Chandio. Field Performance Evaluation and Finite Element Simulation of Cotton Stalk Puller-Shredder: A Sustainable Mechanical Solution to Control Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora Gossypiella). Sustainability 2020, 12, 3407 .

AMA Style

Fiaz Ahmad, Muhammad Tahir Jamil, Alamgir Akhtar Khan, Zahid Mehmood-Khan, Baijing Qiu, Jing Ma, Farman Ali Chandio. Field Performance Evaluation and Finite Element Simulation of Cotton Stalk Puller-Shredder: A Sustainable Mechanical Solution to Control Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora Gossypiella). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Muhammad Tahir Jamil; Alamgir Akhtar Khan; Zahid Mehmood-Khan; Baijing Qiu; Jing Ma; Farman Ali Chandio. 2020. "Field Performance Evaluation and Finite Element Simulation of Cotton Stalk Puller-Shredder: A Sustainable Mechanical Solution to Control Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora Gossypiella)." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3407.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
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Droplet size, weather conditions and operational parameters of sprayers also affect the spray coverage, absorption attachment to the target. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) currently, is considered a modern spraying technology which is helpful for efficient spraying. However, the effect of operational parameters on deposition in target and off-target zones still required to determine. Field tests were conducted to determine spray deposition, the number of spray deposits, coverage and droplet size under various flight heights (2 and 3 m) and flight speed (2 and 3 m/s) for control of outer field control. DepositScan software was applied to determine the spray deposition, number of deposits, coverage and droplet diameter. The results showed that the average deposition (2.29 µL/cm2) in the target area was found the highest when the UAV operates with 2 m/s forward speed at 2 m height (T1), the spray coverage under the T1 treatment achieved 36.19% at zero position of the central flight line. At the flight central line, the relative span was 0.70, 1.01, 1.03 and 1.05 for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The treatment T1 showed maximum VMD = D0.5 as 448.75 µm whereas T4 showed minimum D0.5 with a value of 238.95 µm. The deposition in the off-target zone was nearly negligible for single-rotor UAV. This study provides a recommendation UAV operators, farmers and manufacturers for better utilization of this modern technology for weed control.

ACS Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Baijing Qiu; Xiaoya Dong; Jing Ma; Xin Huang; Shibbir Ahmed; Farman Ali Chandio. Effect of operational parameters of UAV sprayer on spray deposition pattern in target and off-target zones during outer field weed control application. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2020, 172, 105350 .

AMA Style

Fiaz Ahmad, Baijing Qiu, Xiaoya Dong, Jing Ma, Xin Huang, Shibbir Ahmed, Farman Ali Chandio. Effect of operational parameters of UAV sprayer on spray deposition pattern in target and off-target zones during outer field weed control application. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2020; 172 ():105350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Baijing Qiu; Xiaoya Dong; Jing Ma; Xin Huang; Shibbir Ahmed; Farman Ali Chandio. 2020. "Effect of operational parameters of UAV sprayer on spray deposition pattern in target and off-target zones during outer field weed control application." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 172, no. : 105350.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
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Traditionally, crops are cultivated in soil-based open field systems. Seasonality, environmental degradation, urbanization, and food security issues have replaced open-field systems with modern plant production systems. Soilless culture is one of the modern plant production systems, which involves much higher use of available resources. The presented study provides information about currently accessible soilless systems and discussed the aeroponic system. Compared to other soilless systems, aeroponic reduce water usage through continuous water circulation. However, the aeroponic is not entirely implemented among local farmers, and very few farmers have adopted the system due to the lack of research and technical information available in the literature. Therefore, this study was planned to provide information about the development and maintenance tasks required for practicing the aeroponic system. This study could provide knowledge to the researchers, farmers, and those people interested in practicing the aeroponic system. Keywords: aeroponic, food security, hydroponic, soilless culture, substrate culture DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201301.5156 Citation: Lakhiar I A, Gao J M, Syed T N, Chandio F A, Tunio M H, Ahmad F, et al. Overview of the aeroponic agriculture – An emerging technology for global food security. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(1): 1–10.

ACS Style

Imran Lakhiar; Jianmin Gao; Tabinda Naz Syed; Farman Ali Chandio; Mazhar Hussain Tunio; Fiaz Ahmad; Kashif Ali Solangi; Fiaz Ahmad. Overview of the aeroponic agriculture – An emerging technology for global food security. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020, 13, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Imran Lakhiar, Jianmin Gao, Tabinda Naz Syed, Farman Ali Chandio, Mazhar Hussain Tunio, Fiaz Ahmad, Kashif Ali Solangi, Fiaz Ahmad. Overview of the aeroponic agriculture – An emerging technology for global food security. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2020; 13 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imran Lakhiar; Jianmin Gao; Tabinda Naz Syed; Farman Ali Chandio; Mazhar Hussain Tunio; Fiaz Ahmad; Kashif Ali Solangi; Fiaz Ahmad. 2020. "Overview of the aeroponic agriculture – An emerging technology for global food security." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 13, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
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A knowledge-based fuzzy logic model was developed on experimental data and used to predict the draft, side and vertical forces and soil disturbance area by disc tillage tool operation. The laboratory research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of the disc tool at three working speeds (1.25 m/s, 1.98 m/s and 2.47 m/s, respectively) and depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm, respectively) on paddy soil under soil-bin environment. Further, draft (Fx), side (Fz) and vertical (Fy) forces of disc and soil disturbance area were assessed and predicted towards working speeds and depths. A fuzzy prediction model with two input variables (speed and depth) and four output variables was developed and the Mamdani inference approach was used. Draft, side and vertical forces of disc and soil disturbance area were positively responded 0.97, 0.95 and 0.84 and 0.99, respectively. The prediction results showed a close relationship between measured and predicted data. Similarly, the measured and predicted results revealed that the draft, side, vertical forces, and soil disturbance area slightly increased, while increasing the speed and depth of the disc tool. Furthermore, disc forces and soil disturbed area were highly significant (p<0.05) for higher speed towards depth. It was concluded that the fuzzy model may be introduced for predicting the disc forces and soil disturbance area during the disc tillage tool operation with high accuracy. Keywords: disc tillage tool, ANN fuzzy model, 3D forces, sensor, soil bin, soil disturbance area DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201304.5115 Citation: Chandio F A, Li Y M, Xu L Z, Ma Z, Ahmad F, Cuong D M, et al. Predicting 3D forces of disc tool and soil disturbance area using fuzzy logic model under sensor based soil-bin. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(4): 77–84.

ACS Style

Farman Ali Chandio; Yaoming Li; Lizhang Xu; Zheng Ma; Fiaz Ahmad; Do Minh Cuong; Imran Ali Lakhiar. Predicting 3D forces of disc tool and soil disturbance area using fuzzy logic model under sensor based soil-bin. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020, 13, 77 -84.

AMA Style

Farman Ali Chandio, Yaoming Li, Lizhang Xu, Zheng Ma, Fiaz Ahmad, Do Minh Cuong, Imran Ali Lakhiar. Predicting 3D forces of disc tool and soil disturbance area using fuzzy logic model under sensor based soil-bin. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2020; 13 (4):77-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farman Ali Chandio; Yaoming Li; Lizhang Xu; Zheng Ma; Fiaz Ahmad; Do Minh Cuong; Imran Ali Lakhiar. 2020. "Predicting 3D forces of disc tool and soil disturbance area using fuzzy logic model under sensor based soil-bin." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 13, no. 4: 77-84.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
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For granular materials, discrete element modeling is one of the best computer tools to simulate their behavior and interactions. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of disc furrow openers in paddy soil. Discrete element simulation was done to develop a 3D DEM model for notched, toothed and double disc furrow openers using EDEM software. Hertz Mindlin contact model with bonding was applied for simulation to fulfill the obligations of the soil moisture and bonding between the cohesive particles. Simulated and field experimental data were compared to determine the applicability in the different working conditions. The results of the simulation validated the applicability of the Hertz-Mindlin contact model with bonding to simulate the no till paddy soil using an extremely narrow tillage tool. The calibrated value of normal and shear stiffness was 5×107 N/m, and the calibrated value of bond normal and shear strength was 3×107 Pa. The relative error (–1.7% to 20.6%) for the double disc furrow opener was lower as compared with that notch typed (29.2% to 44.4%) and toothed type (31.5% to 45.9%) furrow openers. Keywords: soil tillage, discrete element method, discrete element modeling, furrow opener, paddy soil DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201304.4800 Citation: Ahmad F, Qiu B J, Ding Q S, Ding W M, Khan Z M, Shoaib M, et al. Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(4): 103–110.

ACS Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Baijing Qiu; Qishuo Ding; Weimin Ding; Zahid Mahmood Khan; Muhammad Shoaib; Farman Ali Chandio; Abdur Rehim; Abdul Khaliq. Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020, 13, 103 -110.

AMA Style

Fiaz Ahmad, Baijing Qiu, Qishuo Ding, Weimin Ding, Zahid Mahmood Khan, Muhammad Shoaib, Farman Ali Chandio, Abdur Rehim, Abdul Khaliq. Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2020; 13 (4):103-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Baijing Qiu; Qishuo Ding; Weimin Ding; Zahid Mahmood Khan; Muhammad Shoaib; Farman Ali Chandio; Abdur Rehim; Abdul Khaliq. 2020. "Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 13, no. 4: 103-110.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2019 in IEEE Access
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The Multi-channel air-assisted spraying can distribute air flow according to the crown diameter, and be helpful to improve spray deposition and in reduction of environmental pollution. However, the factors of air flow distribution are not clear. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used in this study to investigate the influence of the fan speed (600–1800 r min-1) and the distance from the air outlet (0–6.0 m) on the airflow field distribution. The measurements and the simulation results were consistent within the boundary of the test range. The results indicated that the airflow field in the central plane was basically axis symmetric. The airflow field diffused in the central plane at a certain angle of diffusion. The air velocity first increased and then gradually decreased along the central line and it displayed an exponential function. Within the range of 1.0 m from the air outlet, there was an obvious section of static air between the adjacent air outlets. Beyond this range, the airflow was well-distributed, and the air velocity was normally distributed at the height y. The airfield generated by the multi-channel sprayer was elliptical in its cross-section from the outlet (for x > 1.0 m). The distance of the air supply significantly influenced the fluctuation of the velocity of the airflow, while the speed of the fan had no significant influence on the position of the confluence point of the airflow and the fluctuation of the velocity of each test section.

ACS Style

Xiangyun Chao; Shang Chen; Wei Qiu; Xiaolan Lv; Hua Li; Changjie Han; Fiaz Ahmad. Simulation and Validation of the Air Flow generated by a Multi-Channel Air-Assisted Sprayer. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 94848 -94857.

AMA Style

Xiangyun Chao, Shang Chen, Wei Qiu, Xiaolan Lv, Hua Li, Changjie Han, Fiaz Ahmad. Simulation and Validation of the Air Flow generated by a Multi-Channel Air-Assisted Sprayer. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):94848-94857.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiangyun Chao; Shang Chen; Wei Qiu; Xiaolan Lv; Hua Li; Changjie Han; Fiaz Ahmad. 2019. "Simulation and Validation of the Air Flow generated by a Multi-Channel Air-Assisted Sprayer." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 94848-94857.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2019 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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The production of biodiesel fuel for diesel engines from waste oil resources resolves a triple-faceted problem: environmental, economic and waste management. This study aimed to extract oil from fish waste, to convert the extracted oil into biodiesel fuel through base catalyzed transesterification and to reduce waste disposal-related environmental problems. Various fuel blends (CBFM10, CBFM20, CBFM30, CBFM40 and CBFM50) were prepared from a 1:1 mixture of waste canola oil biodiesel (WCOB) and transesterified fish waste oil (TFWO) with different proportions of mineral diesel. The mixture was named as the composite blends of fuel mixtures (CBFM). The fuel mixtures were subjected to physicochemical properties like kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and calorific values that were found with the international standard limits of biodiesel fuel and comparable to those of petroleum diesel with an added benefit to be lower in price being derived from waste resources. The formulated fuel blends were run in a 5.5kW stationary diesel engine to investigate combustion, performance and emission characteristics. In comparison to petroleum diesel, slightly higher BSFC, marginally lower BTE and shorter ignition delay was observed with CBFM fuel blends. As compared to fossil fuel diesel carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) were found to decrease by 2.8-25.1% and 2.2-19.9%, respectively. In comparison to all tested fuel blends, CBFM10 has shown lower nitrogen oxide emissions. The tested fuel blends were found to have great potential to be utilized as cheap and easily handled alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines without any modification in any part of the engine. bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan, 60800 Multan, Pakistan

ACS Style

Muhammad Waqar Ghaos Qureshi; Zahid Mehmood Khan; Mazhar Hussain; Fiaz Ahmed; Muhammad Shoaib; Muhammad Qasim. Experimental Evaluation of a Diesel Engine for Combustion, Performance and Exhaust Emissions with Fuel Blends Derived from a Mixture of Fish Waste Oil and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2019, 28, 2793 -2803.

AMA Style

Muhammad Waqar Ghaos Qureshi, Zahid Mehmood Khan, Mazhar Hussain, Fiaz Ahmed, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Qasim. Experimental Evaluation of a Diesel Engine for Combustion, Performance and Exhaust Emissions with Fuel Blends Derived from a Mixture of Fish Waste Oil and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2019; 28 (4):2793-2803.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Waqar Ghaos Qureshi; Zahid Mehmood Khan; Mazhar Hussain; Fiaz Ahmed; Muhammad Shoaib; Muhammad Qasim. 2019. "Experimental Evaluation of a Diesel Engine for Combustion, Performance and Exhaust Emissions with Fuel Blends Derived from a Mixture of Fish Waste Oil and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 4: 2793-2803.

Article
Published: 21 November 2018 in Water Resources Management
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The use of wavelet-coupled data-driven models is increasing in the field of hydrological modelling. However, wavelet-coupled artificial neural network (ANN) models inherit the disadvantages of containing more complex structure and enhanced simulation time as a result of use of increased multiple input sub-series obtained by the wavelet transformation (WT). So, the identification of dominant wavelet sub-series containing significant information regarding the hydrological system and subsequent use of those dominant sub-series only as input is crucial for the development of wavelet-coupled ANN models. This study is therefore conducted to evaluate various approaches for selection of dominant wavelet sub-series and their effect on other critical issues of suitable wavelet function, decomposition level and input vector for the development of wavelet-coupled rainfall-runoff models. Four different approaches to identify dominant wavelet sub-series, ten different wavelet functions, nine decomposition levels, and five different input vectors are considered in the present study. Out of four tested approaches, the study advocates the use of relative weight analysis (RWA) for the selection of dominant input wavelet sub-series in the development of wavelet-coupled models. The db8 and the dmey (Discrete approximation of Meyer) wavelet functions at level nine were found to provide the best performance with the RWA approach.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shoaib; Asaad Y. Shamseldin; Sher Khan; Muhammad Sultan; Fiaz Ahmad; Tahir Sultan; Zakir Hussain Dahri; Irfan Ali. Input Selection of Wavelet-Coupled Neural Network Models for Rainfall-Runoff Modelling. Water Resources Management 2018, 33, 955 -973.

AMA Style

Muhammad Shoaib, Asaad Y. Shamseldin, Sher Khan, Muhammad Sultan, Fiaz Ahmad, Tahir Sultan, Zakir Hussain Dahri, Irfan Ali. Input Selection of Wavelet-Coupled Neural Network Models for Rainfall-Runoff Modelling. Water Resources Management. 2018; 33 (3):955-973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shoaib; Asaad Y. Shamseldin; Sher Khan; Muhammad Sultan; Fiaz Ahmad; Tahir Sultan; Zakir Hussain Dahri; Irfan Ali. 2018. "Input Selection of Wavelet-Coupled Neural Network Models for Rainfall-Runoff Modelling." Water Resources Management 33, no. 3: 955-973.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2017 in Sustainability
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Different furrow openers are required to be evaluated for their suitability to manage rice straw for direct planting of wheat in paddy fields. This study was carried out to assess the straw-cutting ability and draft requirements of four different disc-type furrow openers (notched, toothed, smooth-edge single disc, and double disc) in no-till paddy fields. The openers were attached to an in-field traction rig equipped with S-type load cells, and tested using three operating depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm, and three traveling speeds of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m s−1. Vertical and horizontal forces acting on the openers were observed using LabVIEW software based data acquisition system. The results of this study indicated that the furrow opener type, operating depth, and speed significantly influenced the horizontal and vertical forces, as well as straw-cutting ability of the furrow openers. The highest draft and vertical force were noted for double disc-type furrow openers. The mean straw-cutting efficiency of notched, toothed, and smooth-edge single disc and double disc furrow openers were 12.4, 46.2, 11.4, and 78.5%, respectively. The double disc furrow opener (DD) produced the lowest level of hair-pinned straw and had the highest straw-cutting efficiency with a value of 88.6% at 90 mm operating depth, and therefore had the best performance in comparison with other furrow openers.

ACS Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Ding Weimin; Ding Qishou; Abdur Rehim; Khawar Jabran. Comparative Performance of Various Disc-Type Furrow Openers in No-Till Paddy Field Conditions. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1143 .

AMA Style

Fiaz Ahmad, Ding Weimin, Ding Qishou, Abdur Rehim, Khawar Jabran. Comparative Performance of Various Disc-Type Furrow Openers in No-Till Paddy Field Conditions. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Ding Weimin; Ding Qishou; Abdur Rehim; Khawar Jabran. 2017. "Comparative Performance of Various Disc-Type Furrow Openers in No-Till Paddy Field Conditions." Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1143.

Research article
Published: 07 June 2017 in Energy & Fuels
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The present research emphasized the utilization of a novel sequential thermochemical and sonication pretreatment technology to enhance methane production from corn stover. The corn stover was thermochemically pretreated with sodium hydroxide to enhance its lignocellulosic digestibility. Due to thermochemical pretreatment, 65.45% lignin removal and 36.33% hemicellulose solubilization was observed and further five sonication levels were employed (25, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min). All pretreatments were found significant (P < 0.05) to enhance methane production from 14.78% to 73.72% while thermo-NaOH pretreatment with 90 min sonication time was proven as the optimum pretreatment with specific methane production of 320 mL/g volatile solids (VS). Anaerobic digestion process stability was deeply monitored at 3 day intervals via total volitile fatty acids, alcohol production, pH, chemical oxygen demand, and VS removal.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hassan; Muhammad Umar; Tursun Mamat; Furqan Muhayodin; Zahir Talha; Esmaeil Mehryar; Fiaz Ahmad; Weimin Ding; Chao Zhao. Methane Enhancement through Sequential Thermochemical and Sonication Pretreatment for Corn Stover with Anaerobic Sludge. Energy & Fuels 2017, 31, 6145 -6153.

AMA Style

Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Umar, Tursun Mamat, Furqan Muhayodin, Zahir Talha, Esmaeil Mehryar, Fiaz Ahmad, Weimin Ding, Chao Zhao. Methane Enhancement through Sequential Thermochemical and Sonication Pretreatment for Corn Stover with Anaerobic Sludge. Energy & Fuels. 2017; 31 (6):6145-6153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hassan; Muhammad Umar; Tursun Mamat; Furqan Muhayodin; Zahir Talha; Esmaeil Mehryar; Fiaz Ahmad; Weimin Ding; Chao Zhao. 2017. "Methane Enhancement through Sequential Thermochemical and Sonication Pretreatment for Corn Stover with Anaerobic Sludge." Energy & Fuels 31, no. 6: 6145-6153.

Research article
Published: 01 October 2015 in BioMed Research International
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To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate the Bacterial Technologies (BTs) on the restoration of polluted urban rivers, that is, Fenghu-Song Yang River (FSR) and Xuxi River (XXR). Experimental research accounted for the physiochemical parameters (pH; temperature; dissolved oxygen (DO); chemical oxygen demand (COD); total phosphorus (TP); total nitrogen (TN); and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N)) before and after the BT operation. The results declared that the BT is efficient to restore the polluted rivers up to reliable condition. These results were analyzed by using multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)). These techniques interpreted the complex data sets and expressed the point source information about the water quality of these rivers at SA5, SA6, and SB3 under highly polluted regions. For better understanding, water quality index (WQI) was applied to compute the single numeric value. WQI results are evidence of the above results which prove the water quality of both rivers faced under outrageous condition (below 50 WQI scores) before the BT treatment, but, after the treatment, the rivers were restored from fair to good level (above 50 WQI scores) and overall output of these scores was quite similar to detect the point source of pollution. These results described an abrupt recovery of the urban rivers up to reliable condition for aquatic organism and clear effluents from the rivers.

ACS Style

Sarfraz Hashim; Xie Yuebo; Fiaz Ahmad; Chaudhry Arslan; Muhammad Saifullah. Vulnerability Assessment and Application of Bacterial Technology on Urban Rivers for Pollution Eradication. BioMed Research International 2015, 2015, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Sarfraz Hashim, Xie Yuebo, Fiaz Ahmad, Chaudhry Arslan, Muhammad Saifullah. Vulnerability Assessment and Application of Bacterial Technology on Urban Rivers for Pollution Eradication. BioMed Research International. 2015; 2015 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarfraz Hashim; Xie Yuebo; Fiaz Ahmad; Chaudhry Arslan; Muhammad Saifullah. 2015. "Vulnerability Assessment and Application of Bacterial Technology on Urban Rivers for Pollution Eradication." BioMed Research International 2015, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Journal of Terramechanics
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ACS Style

Irshad Ali Mari; Changying Ji; Farman Ali Chandio; Chuadry Arslan; Asma Sattar; Fiaz Ahmad. Spatial distribution of soil forces on moldboard plough and draft requirement operated in silty-clay paddy field soil. Journal of Terramechanics 2015, 60, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Irshad Ali Mari, Changying Ji, Farman Ali Chandio, Chuadry Arslan, Asma Sattar, Fiaz Ahmad. Spatial distribution of soil forces on moldboard plough and draft requirement operated in silty-clay paddy field soil. Journal of Terramechanics. 2015; 60 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irshad Ali Mari; Changying Ji; Farman Ali Chandio; Chuadry Arslan; Asma Sattar; Fiaz Ahmad. 2015. "Spatial distribution of soil forces on moldboard plough and draft requirement operated in silty-clay paddy field soil." Journal of Terramechanics 60, no. : 1-9.

Evaluation study
Published: 30 March 2015 in PLOS ONE
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Conservation tillage is an energy efficient and low cost tillage system to improve soil environment compared with conventional tillage systems. However, the rice residue management becomes an “impossible to achieve” task due to high soil moisture content at harvest time and the thickness of rice straw. Disc type furrow openers are used for both seed drilling as well as straw cutting during no tillage sowing. A study was conducted to evaluate the draft requirement and straw cutting performances of different sized furrow openers in no-till paddy soil conditions. Double disc furrow opener was tested on an in-field traction bench for three working depths, i.e. 30, 60 and 90 mm, and three forwarding speeds, i.e. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 m/s. The draft and vertical forces on the disc were recorded with load cells. These sensors were connected to a data acquisition system developed with hardware and software. The results revealed that the size of the furrow opener, operating depth and the forwarding speed had significant effects (P<0.05) on the horizontal and vertical forces, and the straw cutting performance. Mean values of the draft were 648.9, 737.2 and 784.6 N for the opener with diameters of 330, 450 and 600 mm respectively, and the vertical forces for similar openers were 904.7, 1553.9 and 1620.4 N, respectively. Furthermore, the mean straw cutting efficiencies for the double disc opener with diameters of 330, 450 and 600 mm were 39.36, 78.47 and 65.46%, respectively. The opener with 450 mm diameter provided higher straw cutting efficiency as compared to 600 mm diameter disc, while lowest straw cutting efficiency was observed with 330 mm diameter disc. The 450 mm diameter opener provided the highest straw cutting efficiency (88.6%) at 90 mm working depth and expressed optimum performance compared with other furrow openers.

ACS Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Ding Weimin; Ding Qishuo; Mubshar Hussain; Khawar Jabran. Forces and Straw Cutting Performance of Double Disc Furrow Opener in No-Till Paddy Soil. PLOS ONE 2015, 10, e0119648 .

AMA Style

Fiaz Ahmad, Ding Weimin, Ding Qishuo, Mubshar Hussain, Khawar Jabran. Forces and Straw Cutting Performance of Double Disc Furrow Opener in No-Till Paddy Soil. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10 (3):e0119648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiaz Ahmad; Ding Weimin; Ding Qishuo; Mubshar Hussain; Khawar Jabran. 2015. "Forces and Straw Cutting Performance of Double Disc Furrow Opener in No-Till Paddy Soil." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3: e0119648.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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ACS Style

Mari; C. Ji; F. A. Chandio; Chaudhry Arslan; A. A. Tagar; Fiaz Ahmad. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PADDY SOIL UNDER VARIOUS PRESSURE, WATER CONTENT AND TOOL SHAPES. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 2014, 9, 25 -32.

AMA Style

Mari, C. Ji, F. A. Chandio, Chaudhry Arslan, A. A. Tagar, Fiaz Ahmad. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PADDY SOIL UNDER VARIOUS PRESSURE, WATER CONTENT AND TOOL SHAPES. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 2014; 9 (1):25-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mari; C. Ji; F. A. Chandio; Chaudhry Arslan; A. A. Tagar; Fiaz Ahmad. 2014. "RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PADDY SOIL UNDER VARIOUS PRESSURE, WATER CONTENT AND TOOL SHAPES." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 9, no. 1: 25-32.