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Dr. Magdalena Tutak
Silesian University of Technology

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Journal article
Published: 21 August 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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The growing social awareness of environmental protection entails that the assumptions of the sustainable development idea are being implemented in various economic sectors at an increasingly fast pace. One of them is the power industry, the sustainable development of which is now becoming a priority in economic policy for many countries. The paper refers to this issue by developing methodology for both studying and assessing the level of sustainable energy development in the Central and Eastern European Countries. The study involved 21 indicators characterizing the sustainable energy development of these countries in the areas of energy, environmental, economic, and social security for 2008 and 2018. When considering the complexity of the subject matter and the wide scope of the research, four methods of multi-criteria data analysis (TOPSIS, VIKOR, MOORA and COPRAS) were used. For each of them, based on the adopted criteria, synthetic indicators were determined, which allowed for the assessment of the level of sustainable energy development in the CEE countries. Weights for the adopted indicators were identified based on the Shanon's Entropy method. Afterwards, an unambiguous assessment of the level of sustainable energy development of the CEE countries was performed. The results showed that in 2008 and 2018, the best ranking position was held by Latvia and Croatia, and the worst ranking position was held by Poland and Bulgaria. The method of multidimensional scaling made it possible to determine the positions of studied countries on scatter plots in two-dimensional space, which showed differences between individual CEE countries. All in all, the applied methods allowed for a considerably broad assessment of the level of sustainable energy development of the CEE countries.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. Assessing sustainable energy development in the central and eastern European countries and analyzing its diversity. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 801, 149745 .

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. Assessing sustainable energy development in the central and eastern European countries and analyzing its diversity. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 801 ():149745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2021. "Assessing sustainable energy development in the central and eastern European countries and analyzing its diversity." Science of The Total Environment 801, no. : 149745.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Sustainable energy security is an absolute priority in the European Union (EU) policy. Therefore, the issue of ensuring climate-neutral energy security is of great importance, especially in the “New” EU countries, where the energy transition began later than in the rest of the countries (the so-called Old EU). This group includes the Visegrad (V4) countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary), which joined the EU in 2004. Their level of sustainable energy development differs significantly from other member states. However, in order to achieve the objectives of the EU climate strategy, these countries also need to meet the adopted requirements. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess sustainable energy security in these countries, taking into account energy, climate, economic and social aspects (dimensions) over the period of 11 years (2008–2018). The analysis was based on the selected set of 14 indicators characterizing the adopted dimensions. The entropy-weight and TOPSIS methodology was utilized to perform very precise analyses for the years and dimensions in question. The broadly conducted analyses showed that the V4 countries are highly differentiated, practically in every examined area. The results showed that in the studied period, the highest level of sustainable energy security was reported for the Czech Republic, and the lowest level for Poland. The findings are an exceptionally valuable source of information about the studied countries and should be used for future activities to ensure their energy security in, at least, an environmentally neutral manner.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. The comparative assessment of sustainable energy security in the Visegrad countries. A 10-year perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 317, 128427 .

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. The comparative assessment of sustainable energy security in the Visegrad countries. A 10-year perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 317 ():128427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2021. "The comparative assessment of sustainable energy security in the Visegrad countries. A 10-year perspective." Journal of Cleaner Production 317, no. : 128427.

Economics
Published: 22 July 2021 in PLOS ONE
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One of the main reasons for the dynamic global economic development observed in recent years is the process of digitalization, referred to as Industry 4.0. The significance of digitalization for this development is appreciated by the EU-27. In order for these actions to be effective, it is necessary to diagnose the current level of digitalization in the EU-27countries. The article presents the results of the assessment of the level of digitalization of enterprises in the EU-27 countries. An empirical analysis was conducted using 16 determinants which describe the digitalization in a sample of 27 EU countries. Based on the adopted criteria and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method, these countries were divided into four classes in terms of the level of digitalization. The analysis looked at the size of enterprises and was performed independently for small, medium and large enterprises. The adopted indicators allowed for the analysis of similarity between the EU-27 countries in terms of digitalization, using the Kohonen’s networks. The result of this research was the division of the EU-27 countries into groups, also taking into account the size of studied enterprises. Due to the immensely diverse EU-27 economy, such a huge undertaking as the digital transformation process requires building logical internal "digital coalitions". The designated assessment and similarity between countries creates such opportunities, also in terms of building an effective policy to support these processes by the EU. This increases the chances of success of joint ventures and building a sustainable European community based on the latest technologies.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. Assessing the level of digitalization and robotization in the enterprises of the European Union Member States. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. Assessing the level of digitalization and robotization in the enterprises of the European Union Member States. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2021. "Assessing the level of digitalization and robotization in the enterprises of the European Union Member States." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7: 1.

Neuroscience
Published: 06 July 2021 in PLOS ONE
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The process of global economic digitalization is a natural stage of evolutionary changes resulting from a dynamic development of information and communication technologies. Having appreciated the importance and advantages of digital transformation, individual countries began to strive to introduce it as soon as possible. In this context, it is important to study the level of digital maturity in Central and Eastern Europe, where the level of digitization is relatively low. This article assesses the level of digital readiness of enterprises in these countries based on 14 determinants characterizing the most important areas of the digitalization process. The research was carried out for 11 countries from the region, both for all and manufacturing enterprises. Multi-criteria analysis aimed at assessing the digital maturity of countries were performed using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods (the TOPSIS, MOORA, VIKOR), and entropy methods for delineating the weights of the determinants. In order to obtain an unambiguous assessment of the determined digital maturity, the mean-rank method was applied. The method of multidimensional scaling allowed for the analysis of similarities between the countries in question. The results showed that the level of digital maturity in the Central and Eastern Europe countries varies greatly and is lower than in other European Union countries.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. Assessing the level of digital maturity of enterprises in the Central and Eastern European countries using the MCDM and Shannon’s entropy methods. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0253965 .

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. Assessing the level of digital maturity of enterprises in the Central and Eastern European countries using the MCDM and Shannon’s entropy methods. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (7):e0253965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2021. "Assessing the level of digital maturity of enterprises in the Central and Eastern European countries using the MCDM and Shannon’s entropy methods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7: e0253965.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Energies
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The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak; Peter Bindzár. Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective. Energies 2021, 14, 3765 .

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak, Peter Bindzár. Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak; Peter Bindzár. 2021. "Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective." Energies 14, no. 13: 3765.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Applied Sciences
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This article evaluates changes in the organization of transport on urban roads through the transport model in the OmniTRANS program. The selected location for the case study in this article is the internal traffic circuit of Kosice, which borders the historic core of the city. Currently, the proposal is being prepared to change the organization of transport in the town’s monument reserve and its protection zone. The transition to a one-way road around the historic center is being considered. Before introducing the new proposed change in traffic, it is necessary to test this proposed change and determine how it will affect the traffic situation. The aim of this article is to compare the current transport organization with the proposed change in transport organization in terms of traffic intensity. The use of transport models in the world is not a new concept, but it is often not used in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. However, traffic and simulation models can save money and time and avoid possible unexpected problems before putting the proposed changes into practice. Solving the given problem is an excellent benefit for transport planning and traffic engineering for Kosice and other places with a similar arrangement of the historical center and a similar number of inhabitants. The proposed changes can be tested by modelling traffic and then to adjust them when the cons are identified. Thanks to the traffic simulation model, it is possible to compare the capacity load of the inner traffic circuit of the city before and after the introduction of the one-way circuit.

ACS Style

Peter Bindzar; Janka Saderova; Marian Sofranko; Peter Kacmary; Jaroslaw Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. A Case Study: Simulation Traffic Model as a Tool to Assess One-Way vs. Two-Way Traffic on Urban Roads around the City Center. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5018 .

AMA Style

Peter Bindzar, Janka Saderova, Marian Sofranko, Peter Kacmary, Jaroslaw Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. A Case Study: Simulation Traffic Model as a Tool to Assess One-Way vs. Two-Way Traffic on Urban Roads around the City Center. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):5018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter Bindzar; Janka Saderova; Marian Sofranko; Peter Kacmary; Jaroslaw Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2021. "A Case Study: Simulation Traffic Model as a Tool to Assess One-Way vs. Two-Way Traffic on Urban Roads around the City Center." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5018.

Review article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Process Safety and Environmental Protection
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The safety of the coal production process, which in the coming years will continue to be one of the basic energy resources in many countries worldwide, has a significant impact on its efficiency. The random character of many hazardous phenomena accompanying this process requires the application of both modern and safe methods to study these phenomena. Model studies based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method are known to have such features. They enable the analysis of very complex and hazardous phenomena, which are hard or even impossible to investigate with the use of other methods. Therefore, this article focuses on the analysis of the state of the art in terms of the Computational Fluid Dynamics application in research on ventilation safety during underground hard coal mining. It was assumed that CFD-based studies may significantly improve the safety of the mining production process. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out, which – according to the adopted methodology – involved four research questions. The review included scientific publications (articles) contained in the two most prestigious databases, i.e., the Web of Science and the Scopus. In accordance with the adopted search criteria, articles that used the Computational Fluid Dynamics method and focused on ventilation safety during underground coal mining were selected. The meta-analysis of these data made it possible to identify seven thematic areas undertaken in these publications. The following paper presents a list of articles assigned to these groups with selected items being discussed. On the basis of the conducted research, comprehensive answers to the research questions were provided. The results systematize the knowledge of CFD application in research on ventilation safety in mining. Also, they are a valuable source of information for future researchers and engineers concerned with the safety of the mining production process. Moreover, potential directions of further research in the field of possible Computational Fluid Dynamics applications were indicated to improve the safety of the process in question.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. Applying computational fluid dynamics in research on ventilation safety during underground hard coal mining: A systematic literature review. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2021, 151, 373 -400.

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. Applying computational fluid dynamics in research on ventilation safety during underground hard coal mining: A systematic literature review. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2021; 151 ():373-400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2021. "Applying computational fluid dynamics in research on ventilation safety during underground hard coal mining: A systematic literature review." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 151, no. : 373-400.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Energies
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Rational decision-making requires assessing the advantages and disadvantages of options, including nonmarket effects (such as environmental effects). This also applies to strategic decision-making in the industrial sector to select alternative renewable energy source (RES). Often, a variety of criteria can be used to select a renewable energy source, whereas no ideal family of criteria for renewable energy selection for industry has been defined in the literature. It was concluded that there is a need to support the actions of industrial development based on RES, which will contribute significantly to overcoming the limitations of the negative effect on the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. There is a clear need for a systematic and polyvalent multicriteria approach to planning in industry. Therefore, a method for choosing the preferred renewable source of electricity for industry has been developed, which considers key criteria of RES choice: Expert opinions, the costs of obtaining the energy and maintaining energy installations, and the volume of electricity from RES. This article offers a modified multicriteria selection method based on a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and the technique for preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), integrated with a qualitative price analysis (ACJ). This new method was tested through a case study on selecting a preferred RES in Polish industrial conditions. The research results indicate that the proposed method of choosing the preferred renewable energy source can be used in industrial enterprises that strive to meet their energy needs in accordance with the principles of social responsibility.

ACS Style

Robert Ulewicz; Dominika Siwiec; Andrzej Pacana; Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny. Multi-Criteria Method for the Selection of Renewable Energy Sources in the Polish Industrial Sector. Energies 2021, 14, 2386 .

AMA Style

Robert Ulewicz, Dominika Siwiec, Andrzej Pacana, Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny. Multi-Criteria Method for the Selection of Renewable Energy Sources in the Polish Industrial Sector. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert Ulewicz; Dominika Siwiec; Andrzej Pacana; Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny. 2021. "Multi-Criteria Method for the Selection of Renewable Energy Sources in the Polish Industrial Sector." Energies 14, no. 9: 2386.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Energies
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The concept of sustainable development integrates activities in the economic, environmental and social areas. Energy policy, which is very closely linked to climate protection, is of key importance for achieving the goals of the concept in question. All these elements are connected by the European Green Deal strategy and Agenda 2030. Their implementation requires the evaluation of previous actions undertaken within the framework of sustainable development and the diagnosis of the current state. Therefore, this article presents the results of such research in relation to the key industry connected with this process, which is the energy sector. The research methodology was based on the analysis of 14 indicators that characterize four basic areas (dimensions) related to energy and climate sustainability. These indicators concern energy and climate as well as social and economic issues. This approach makes it possible to comprehensively assess the actions taken so far in the implementation of sustainable economic development in the energy and climate area in the European Union (EU) countries. The entropy-complex-proportional-assessment (COPRAS) methodologies, which belong to the group of multiple criteria decision-making methods, were used for this study. The conducted research allowed for the assessment of the changes in the EU countries in terms of energy and climate sustainability between 2009–2018. In addition, the effects of the introduced changes in individual years and in relation to the studied areas (dimensions) were also evaluated. Based on the results, considering the adopted criteria, the EU countries were divided into groups similar to the level of energy and climate sustainability. The results constitute a valuable set of data, which allows for a wide and in-depth multicriteria analysis. This allows for a very objective and broad assessment of the effects of sustainable development policies in the EU countries and the current state in the context of the European Green Deal strategy and Agenda 2030.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Peter Bindzár. Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030. Energies 2021, 14, 1767 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny, Peter Bindzár. Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1767.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Peter Bindzár. 2021. "Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030." Energies 14, no. 6: 1767.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2020 in Energies
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The concept of sustainable economic development takes into account economic, social and environmental aspects and strives to achieve balance between them. One of the basic areas where it is required to revalue the current views on sustainable development is energy. The growing public awareness of environmental protection forces changes in this industry. Despite the global nature of this problem, its solution is perceived differently in various regions of the world. The unquestionable leader in introducing the idea of sustainable development economy is the European Union, where the energy sector is of key importance for the effectiveness of this process. In order to assess the sustainable energy development of the European Union countries, studies were conducted based on 13 selected indicators characterizing this sector in terms of energy, economy and environment. In order to assess the specificity of the European Union countries, these indicators were additionally compared to the gross domestic product value and the number of inhabitants of individual countries. For these cases, multi-criteria analyses were carried out using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. It allowed the authors to rank the European Union countries in terms of their adaptation to a sustainable energy economy. Based on the determined values of indicators versus the gross domestic product and the number of inhabitants of the countries in question, these countries were also divided into similar groups with the use of the Kohonen artificial neural networks. These groups can pursue a common energy policy in the field of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to present a new approach to the assessment of sustainable energy development of the European Union countries. The extensive ratio analysis (13 indicators of the sustainable energy development), including the economic and demographic potential of individual countries, and the use of modern tools made it possible to acquire new knowledge in the field of sustainable energy development in the European Union countries. The results should be utilized for more effective sustainable energy development of the European Union countries.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Dominika Siwiec; Robert Ulewicz; Peter Bindzár. Studying the Level of Sustainable Energy Development of the European Union Countries and Their Similarity Based on the Economic and Demographic Potential. Energies 2020, 13, 6643 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny, Dominika Siwiec, Robert Ulewicz, Peter Bindzár. Studying the Level of Sustainable Energy Development of the European Union Countries and Their Similarity Based on the Economic and Demographic Potential. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6643.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Dominika Siwiec; Robert Ulewicz; Peter Bindzár. 2020. "Studying the Level of Sustainable Energy Development of the European Union Countries and Their Similarity Based on the Economic and Demographic Potential." Energies 13, no. 24: 6643.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2020 in Energies
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Various types of natural hazards are inextricably linked to the process of underground hard coal mining. Ventilation hazards—methane and spontaneous combustion of coal—are the most dangerous; they pose a major threat to the safety of the workers and decrease the effectiveness of the whole coal production process. One of the methods designed to limit the consequences of such hazards is based on the selection of a ventilation system that will be suitable for the given mining area. The article presents a case study of an active longwall area, where—due to increasing ventilation hazard (methane and spontaneous combusting of coal)—the whole system was rebuilt. The U-type ventilation system was used in the initial stage of the extraction process, however, it often generated methane in amounts that exceeded the allowable values. Consequently, such conditions forced the change of the ventilation system from a U–type to Y–type system. The new system was installed during the ongoing mining process, unlike the usual practice. The article presents the results of tests on mine gas concentrations and descriptive statistics for both types of ventilation system. The results clearly demonstrate that the U-type longwall ventilation system, in the case of high methane release hazard, prevents safe and effective operation. At the same time, the use of this system limits the carbon oxidation reactions in the goaf, leading to spontaneous heating and combustion, which is confirmed by the low concentrations of gases—by-products of these reactions. In turn, the use of the Y-type longwall ventilation system ensures safe and effective operation in areas with high methane release hazard, but at the same time deteriorates the safety associated with the spontaneous combusting of coal. The presented case—both from a scientific and practical perspective—is quite interesting and greatly broadens the knowledge in the scope of an efficient ventilation system for underground workings.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Dawid Szurgacz; Leszek Sobik; Sergey Zhironkin. The Impact of the Ventilation System on the Methane Release Hazard and Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in the Area of Exploitation—A Case Study. Energies 2020, 13, 4891 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny, Dawid Szurgacz, Leszek Sobik, Sergey Zhironkin. The Impact of the Ventilation System on the Methane Release Hazard and Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in the Area of Exploitation—A Case Study. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Dawid Szurgacz; Leszek Sobik; Sergey Zhironkin. 2020. "The Impact of the Ventilation System on the Methane Release Hazard and Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in the Area of Exploitation—A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 18: 4891.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2020 in Energies
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One of the major natural hazards occurring during the process of mining exploitation are endogenous fires. They cause very large material losses and constitute a threat to the health and life of the workers. Such fires usually start and develop in the goafs. The remaining coal and the oxygen-containing air flowing at a certain rate may lead to endogenous fires. The basic element of the assessment of the occurrence of an endogenous fire and the degree of its development is the chemical composition of the air flowing out of the longwall and the goafs. The monitoring of this composition also makes it possible to assess the severity of such a fire. The damage that can be caused by the endogenous fire requires scientific and experimental research being carried out on a wide scale in order to limit its occurrence and development. All papers and research mentioned in the paper aim to find a tool that will help to control the fires. The paper discusses the development of a new and original method of combating the threat of endogenous fires. It is based on the installation designed to feed an ash and water mixture or an ash and water mixture with carbon dioxide to goafs. The foundation of the paper is a method based on a vast depth of expertise and knowledge gained by the authors in the field of combating endogenous fires. The developed installation prepares and transports ash and water mixtures together with carbon dioxide to the zones with high probability of endogenous fires. The mixture is a preparation of the surface of a mine, and later, it is transported underground by pipelines to the goafs where a high level of the fire hazard was identified. The construction of the system and the composition of the mixture used are both original solutions; their practical application limited the process of spontaneous heating of coal. Monitoring the chemical composition of gases in the air of the goafs made it possible to control the effects of applied measures; it proved that carbon dioxide used as an inert gas disturbs the process of carbon oxidation, and the water and ash mixture limits the inflow of the air with oxygen. The advantage of the method is particularly evident in the case of the exploitation of deposits where coal has a short incubation time. This original approach allows for a better and more effective response to endogenous fires.

ACS Style

Dawid Szurgacz; Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Leszek Sobik; Olga Zhironkina. The Method of Combating Coal Spontaneous Combustion Hazard in Goafs—A Case Study. Energies 2020, 13, 4538 .

AMA Style

Dawid Szurgacz, Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny, Leszek Sobik, Olga Zhironkina. The Method of Combating Coal Spontaneous Combustion Hazard in Goafs—A Case Study. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dawid Szurgacz; Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Leszek Sobik; Olga Zhironkina. 2020. "The Method of Combating Coal Spontaneous Combustion Hazard in Goafs—A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 17: 4538.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
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In the case of longwall ventilation, in the underground hard coal mines, a phenomenon related to the migration of a certain amount of the air stream supplied to the longwall deep into goaf zones occurs. One of the wall ventilation systems, in which this phenomenon is quite intense, is the so called “Y” ventilation system. This migration is immensely unfavorable because it can lead to the self-heating process of coal left in a goaf and, consequently, to an endogenous fire. Such a fire is a great threat to both the safety and continuity of operation processes. For this reason, various activities are undertaken to prevent such a fire from occurring in goaf zones. One solution is a method presented in this article. It aims at determining an area in goaf zones, where an endogenous fire may occur. The study focused on the longwall ventilated with the Y system. This area was determined based on two criteria, namely air velocity and oxygen content. The study was carried out for various volumes of air supplied to the longwall. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop research methodology and determine the location of an area at the risk of an endogenous fire. The location of this area was determined for three different volume expenditures of air supplied to the longwall ventilated with the Y system.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak. Influence of the Volumetric Expenditure of Air Supplied to the Longwall Through the “Y” Ventilation System on the Location of an Area at the Risk of an Endogenic Fire. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2020, 3, 206 -215.

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak. Influence of the Volumetric Expenditure of Air Supplied to the Longwall Through the “Y” Ventilation System on the Location of an Area at the Risk of an Endogenic Fire. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering. 2020; 3 (1):206-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak. 2020. "Influence of the Volumetric Expenditure of Air Supplied to the Longwall Through the “Y” Ventilation System on the Location of an Area at the Risk of an Endogenic Fire." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1: 206-215.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
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Hard coal mines are vulnerable to a series of hazards that affect the safety and effectiveness of mining production. One of such hazards is the risk of underground fires. As the exogenous underground fires appear suddenly and have a highly dynamic course, it is very often necessary to quickly evacuate the crew from the danger area. The time needed to evacuate the crew from the danger area is most commonly determined by means of analytical methods, which provide a very general calculation. Therefore, it becomes necessary to also make use of other methods and tools for determining this time. Undoubtedly, such characteristics are offered by modern calculation methods based on the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and characterised by high accuracy. The paper presents a sample application of such a method for evacuating a 20-member crew from the heading under threat. In order to determine the evacuation time for those individuals, a calculation model was built for the total length of the escape routes equal to 900 m. The results revealed that the total evacuation time for workers moving with the speed corresponding to the movement speed in a heading filled with smoke (with considerably reduced visibility) will amount to approx. 21 minutes. The results obtained may constitute an essential source of information for service teams responsible for ensuring the operational safety in mine headings. At the same time, the model developed allows for broader application to the estimation of crew evacuation times from danger areas.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak. Analysis of the Time of Crew Evacuation from the Hazardous Area of Mining Exploitation Using Numerical Simulation. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2020, 3, 107 -115.

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak. Analysis of the Time of Crew Evacuation from the Hazardous Area of Mining Exploitation Using Numerical Simulation. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering. 2020; 3 (1):107-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak. 2020. "Analysis of the Time of Crew Evacuation from the Hazardous Area of Mining Exploitation Using Numerical Simulation." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1: 107-115.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
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Despite the ongoing changes in the energy and economic structure of the European Union countries, mineral and energy resources such as hard coal, brown coal, natural gas, copper ores, zinc ores and many other minerals continue to be extracted. Each year, the mining and extraction sector emits thousands of tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere, in the form of greenhouse and other air-polluting gases, as well as harmful dusts. These substances include, amongst others, carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, as well as PM2.5 and PM10. The European Union climate policy clearly recommends that the exploitation of mineral resources be carried out in full respect of the principles of their rational, economical and environmentally neutral acquisition, which is confirmed by the promoted strategy of sustainable development economy. Therefore, this means the necessity to undertake actions aimed at limiting the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere. To assess the actions taken by the European Union countries to date with respect to limiting those emissions, a comparative analysis was carried out for the particular countries. This analysis encompassed the emission of harmful substances from the mining and quarrying sector by the European Union countries in the years 2008 and 2017. The purpose of the analysis was to show the diversity of those countries in terms of the emission of harmful gases and dusts, as well as to divide them into similar groups. Such a division paves the way for developing a common climate policy and exchanging experiences between the countries from the particular groups. The European Union countries were divided into similar groups using the k-means grouping method. Comparison was also made for the emissions of the substances under analysis for the particular countries over the research years. The results obtained unequivocally demonstrate that this emission has been limited in the European Union, but there are countries where the emission of certain substances has increased.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak. Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2020, 3, 71 -82.

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak. Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering. 2020; 3 (1):71-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak. 2020. "Analysis of Gas and Dust Emissions From the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union Countries." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1: 71-82.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
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One of the basic ventilation hazards and, at the same time most dangerous, in hard coal mines is the methane hazard. During the exploitation process using the longwall system with the breaking down of roof rocks, methane is released into mining excavations from both mined coal and the one left in goaves. Significant amounts of methane also flow from the underworked and overworked seams, through cracks and fissures formed in the rock mass. When accumulated at an explosive concentration level in goves and at an appropriate oxygen concentration level and the occurrence of a trigger (e.g. a spark or endogenous fire), methane may either explode or ignite. These are immensely dangerous phenomena. Therefore, the possibility of their occurrence should be limited. The article presents the results of the research aimed at determining the impact of the permeability of goaf zones on the distribution of methane and oxygen concentration levels in these goaves. The study was carried out for the longwall ventilated with the Y system. The model analysis was conducted, the results of which allowed the authors to determine these distributions. On their basis, both the location and size of the areas in which hazardous methane concentrations could occur were designated. The results are of great practical importance as they indicate areas in goaves where preventive measures should be implemented.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak; Dorota Palka. Influence of the Permeability of the Longwall Goaf Zones on the Location of an Area With Explosive Methane Concentration Levels. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2020, 3, 238 -247.

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak, Dorota Palka. Influence of the Permeability of the Longwall Goaf Zones on the Location of an Area With Explosive Methane Concentration Levels. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering. 2020; 3 (1):238-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak; Dorota Palka. 2020. "Influence of the Permeability of the Longwall Goaf Zones on the Location of an Area With Explosive Methane Concentration Levels." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1: 238-247.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Based on the newly adopted strategy “The European Green Deal”, by 2050, the European Union should become the first climate neutral region worldwide. This very ambitious goal will require many political, social and economic activities. Huge financial resources will also be needed to change the economy in order to reduce the emissions of harmful substances into the environment. The implementation of such an ambitious climate policy requires the development of a very reasonable economic plan, backed by many analyses, to ensure adequate financing of this idea. One of the basic objectives of such a plan should be to appropriately target aid funds to a group of countries with a similar structure of the emissions in question. The identification of the groups of similar countries in terms of the structure of harmful substance emissions requires the development of both appropriate methodology and applicable studies. Such methodology is presented in this paper, namely the Kohonen’s artificial neural network model. The main objective of the developed methodology was to divide the European Union countries into groups similar in terms of the emissions of selected gases and dusts into the atmosphere. In addition to the division of the European Union countries into similar groups by the total volume of the emissions of studied substances, completely new division criteria were introduced. It was assumed that in order for the results of this study to be practically used, it is necessary to broaden the scope of the analysis. Therefore, an additional division of the European Union countries was made in relation to the volume of the emissions per capita, the value of gross domestic product and the area of a given country. This new approach was intended to show the diversity of the European Union countries in economic, demographic and geographical terms. The grouping results should be regarded as additional information to be utilized when preparing specific action plans to improve the state of the environment. Definitely, these plans need to be dedicated both to the groups of countries and the entire sectors in these groups. This will enable the efficient use of financial resources and can be a huge impetus for the European Union economic development. It will also allow smaller and less prosperous countries to achieve their goals. Undoubtedly, the developed methodology and conducted research allowed the authors to solve a significant research problem, and the results can be successfully used in practice.

ACS Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. The analysis of similarities between the European Union countries in terms of the level and structure of the emissions of selected gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 279, 123641 -123641.

AMA Style

Jarosław Brodny, Magdalena Tutak. The analysis of similarities between the European Union countries in terms of the level and structure of the emissions of selected gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 279 ():123641-123641.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jarosław Brodny; Magdalena Tutak. 2020. "The analysis of similarities between the European Union countries in terms of the level and structure of the emissions of selected gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere." Journal of Cleaner Production 279, no. : 123641-123641.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2020 in Sustainability
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A commonly used strategy in production enterprises is the idea of sustainable development. For an idea to be effectively implemented, it is essential to have competent and well-informed staff. This condition is necessary, but not sufficient. Still, the introduction of changes in the enterprise—including rational management of resources, as well as fair distribution of benefits and social development—requires acceptance on the part of employees. The implementation of this idea entails the need to introduce organizational changes, new technologies and innovative products. Currently, this direction in development is gradually beginning to determine the competitiveness of an enterprise. The present article discusses the results of a questionnaire survey in one production enterprise; the survey aimed at assessing work conditions. The research results were to show how the current changes related to the idea of sustainable development being implemented in this enterprise are assessed by the employees in the production sector. The obtained results are also to serve as a basis for developing a strategy for introducing further changes in this enterprise. The quantitative research included an evaluation of 24 research variables, which were divided into nine thematic groups relevant to work conditions in the enterprise. The research covered three basic groups of factors: work characteristics, human resource management policies and the social context of work. A global assessment of the enterprise’s performance was also undertaken. The research therefore focused on the practical aspects of the activity carried out by the enterprise. The results obtained should provide a basis for assessing the potential for introducing innovative solutions in line with the idea of sustainable development as well as improvements in human resource management. This basis is also particularly important for implementing such solutions in the enterprise which are in line with changes related to the concept of Industry 4.0.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Małgorzata Dobrowolska. Assessment of Work Conditions in a Production Enterprise—A Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5390 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak, Jarosław Brodny, Małgorzata Dobrowolska. Assessment of Work Conditions in a Production Enterprise—A Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak; Jarosław Brodny; Małgorzata Dobrowolska. 2020. "Assessment of Work Conditions in a Production Enterprise—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5390.

Conference paper
Published: 18 June 2020 in E3S Web of Conferences
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When ventilation hazards become active in an underground mine heading, it is very often necessary to evacuate the crew from the danger area. This evacuation is carried out along emergency escape (evacuation) routes to a heading which is not affected by a given incident. Such a heading must provide access to fresh air and guarantee that there is no smoke. In this context, an important role is played by the time in which the crew leaves the danger area and gets into the safety zone. The time needed by the crew to cover the length of an escape route depends on a number of factors. In hard coal mines, the time necessary to evacuate the crew is most commonly determined on the basis of analytical methods developed in the second half of the 20th century. In recent years, however, the development of numerical methods has made it possible to determine these times using model-based tests supported by numerical simulations. The article presents the results of such tests with regard to the evacuation of a crew from an excavated dog heading. The objective of the tests was to analyse how the movement speed of the miners being evacuated from the danger area affects the time of their evacuation. The analysis was carried out for four different movement speeds of a crew and for 26 miners working in the heading under analysis. Their distribution in the heading reflected the actual location of their work stations. The results obtained made it possible to determine the times and intensity of their evacuation, and they should also serve as a valuable source of information for the emergency rescue teams in underground mines.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak; Tatiana Gvozdkova. Model-based tests on the time of crew evacuation from the danger area in an excavated underground mine heading. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 174, 1 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak, Tatiana Gvozdkova. Model-based tests on the time of crew evacuation from the danger area in an excavated underground mine heading. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 174 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak; Tatiana Gvozdkova. 2020. "Model-based tests on the time of crew evacuation from the danger area in an excavated underground mine heading." E3S Web of Conferences 174, no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 18 June 2020 in E3S Web of Conferences
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The process of underground coal production is inseparably connected with methane emissions. This gas has good energy characteristics and, at the same time, represents a huge threat to the safety of mining exploitation. Due to its flammability and explosiveness, the occurrence of methane-related incidents disturbs the entire production process and is extremely dangerous for the crew. Moreover, methane is a greenhouse gas that has a highly negative impact on the natural environment. These factors make it necessary to carry out works in order to limit its negative effects and increase its use as an energy raw material. The article presents the results of an analysis of the main parameters describing the methane-bearing capacity in Polish hard coal mines. The analysis was conducted within the scope of their absolute values and with reference to one tonne of coal extracted. The purpose of these studies was to identify the changes in the parameters under analysis over the last 25 years in the Polish mining industry and, at the same time, to determine how the structural changes in the mining industry and the entire economy influenced those parameters. This particularly concerns the emission of methane into the environment. The reason is that this value has a huge influence on the opinion about the mining industry. The results presented should be used for works on limiting the harmful effects of methane and increasing the degree of its utilisation in the economy.

ACS Style

Magdalena Tutak. Analysis of the methane-bearing capacity in Polish hard coal mines in the years 1993–2018. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 174, 1 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Tutak. Analysis of the methane-bearing capacity in Polish hard coal mines in the years 1993–2018. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 174 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Tutak. 2020. "Analysis of the methane-bearing capacity in Polish hard coal mines in the years 1993–2018." E3S Web of Conferences 174, no. : 1.