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Dr. Wojciech M. Marlicz
Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

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0 Endoscopy
0 Probiotics
0 Stem Cells
0 microbiome
0 liver cirrhosis

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Stem Cells
microbiome
Probiotics
Endoscopy
Gut-Brain axis
gut barrier
liver cirrhosis
small bowel
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Editorial
Published: 16 June 2021 in Cancers
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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain high on the list of the leading causes of death worldwide; however, the recent emergence of new and ongoing global healthcare threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to a temporary reduction in elective endoscopic procedures

ACS Style

Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Wojciech Marlicz; George Koulaouzidis. A Flavor of the Future of GI Endoscopy—New Solutions Shape the Field of Modern Gastrointestinal Care. Cancers 2021, 13, 3007 .

AMA Style

Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Wojciech Marlicz, George Koulaouzidis. A Flavor of the Future of GI Endoscopy—New Solutions Shape the Field of Modern Gastrointestinal Care. Cancers. 2021; 13 (12):3007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Wojciech Marlicz; George Koulaouzidis. 2021. "A Flavor of the Future of GI Endoscopy—New Solutions Shape the Field of Modern Gastrointestinal Care." Cancers 13, no. 12: 3007.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
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Previous studies have reported on the relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there remain gaps in literature concerning the role of the intestinal barrier and microflora in the pathogenesis of depression. This study analyzes the potential causative relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory and gut integrity markers and clinical symptoms in inpatients with depressive episodes. Sixteen inpatients (50% females) being treated with escitalopram (5–20 mg daily) in standardized conditions were included in the study. The composition of fecal microbiota was evaluated at baseline and endpoint using 16S rRNA sequencing. A significant correlation between depression severity was found, as measured with HDRS24 (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 item), and the following abundance in bacteria: positive correlation with Paraprevotella (r = 0.80, q = 0.012), strong, negative correlations with Clostridiales (r = −0.70, q = 0.016), Clostridia (r = −0.71, q = 0.026), Firmicutes (r = −0.67. q = 0.032), and the RF32 order (r = −0.70, p = 0.016) in the Alphaproteobacteria (r = −0.66, q = 0.031). After six weeks of treatment, clinical outcomes were found to have a negative correlation with levels of plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) at the beginning of the study. Still they had a positive correlation with changes in fecal calprotectin during hospitalization. In conclusion, gut microbiota was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. However, these findings do not serve as predictors of symptomatic improvement during antidepressant treatment in inpatient treatment for MDD. In turn, intestinal integrity and inflammation markers were associated with the response to treatment of patients with MDD and symptom severity. Additional studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.

ACS Style

Paweł Liśkiewicz; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Błażej Misiak; Michał Wroński; Agata Bąba-Kubiś; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Wojciech Marlicz; Przemysław Bieńkowski; Agata Misera; Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka; Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur; Anna Konopka; Igor Łoniewski; Jerzy Samochowiec. Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2021, 106, 110076 .

AMA Style

Paweł Liśkiewicz, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Błażej Misiak, Michał Wroński, Agata Bąba-Kubiś, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Wojciech Marlicz, Przemysław Bieńkowski, Agata Misera, Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka, Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur, Anna Konopka, Igor Łoniewski, Jerzy Samochowiec. Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2021; 106 ():110076.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paweł Liśkiewicz; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Błażej Misiak; Michał Wroński; Agata Bąba-Kubiś; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Wojciech Marlicz; Przemysław Bieńkowski; Agata Misera; Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka; Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur; Anna Konopka; Igor Łoniewski; Jerzy Samochowiec. 2021. "Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 106, no. : 110076.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2021 in Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies
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Flow cytometry (FCM) was used for the assessment of viability and number of freeze-dried bacteria such as: i) Lactobacillus sp.; ii) Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp.; iii) and Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactococcus lactis) in commercially available capsules. Samples were analyzed based on two different physiological parameters: membrane integrity and measurement of the activity of cellular oxido-reductases. The total amount of viable bacteria from each probiotic product varied between 70 and 90%, while dead cells were between 10 and 30%. For product containing Lactobacillus sp. only, the number of bacteria assessed by FCM was 1.2 × 1011 AFU/g (active fluorescent units) compared to plate count (PC) method - 1.4 × 1011 CFU/g. For product containing Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. the difference between CFU/g and AFU/g was 7.3 × 1010 and 1.3 × 1010 for product containing Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactococcus lactis. A method based on the enzymatic activity of the cells for product containing Lactobacillus sp. gave an average result: 1.4 × 1011 AFU/g, for product containing Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp.: 7 × 1010 AFU/g and for product containing Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactococcus lactis: 3.7 × 1010 AFU/g. FCM allowed to get results after 2 h compared to PC method where result was obtained after 96 h. Moreover no significant differences were found for AFU/g obtained using the two protocols.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Sielatycka; Wojciech Juzwa; Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. Multiparameter flow cytometric enumeration of probiotic-containing commercial powders. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 2021, 68, 102598 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Sielatycka, Wojciech Juzwa, Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Igor Łoniewski, Wojciech Marlicz. Multiparameter flow cytometric enumeration of probiotic-containing commercial powders. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 2021; 68 ():102598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Sielatycka; Wojciech Juzwa; Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. 2021. "Multiparameter flow cytometric enumeration of probiotic-containing commercial powders." Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 68, no. : 102598.

Editorial
Published: 16 November 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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The surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine stands on a lengthy, and frequently reticent, buildout

ACS Style

Wojciech Marlicz; George Koulaouzidis; Anastasios Koulaouzidis. Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology—Walking into the Room of Little Miracles. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 3675 .

AMA Style

Wojciech Marlicz, George Koulaouzidis, Anastasios Koulaouzidis. Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology—Walking into the Room of Little Miracles. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (11):3675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Marlicz; George Koulaouzidis; Anastasios Koulaouzidis. 2020. "Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology—Walking into the Room of Little Miracles." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11: 3675.

Review
Published: 01 November 2020 in Nutrients
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The gut microbiota have gained much scientific attention recently. Apart from unravelling the taxonomic data, we should understand how the altered microbiota structure corresponds to functions of this complex ecosystem. The metabolites of intestinal microorganisms, especially bacteria, exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism and contribute to the host systemic balance. These molecules play key roles in regulating immune and metabolic processes. A subset of them affect the gut brain axis signaling and balance the mental wellbeing. Neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, bile acids and phosphatidylcholine, choline, serotonin, and L-carnitine metabolites possess high neuroactive potential. A scoping literature search in PubMed/Embase was conducted up until 20 June 2020, using three major search terms “microbiota metabolites” AND “gut brain axis” AND “mental health”. This review aimed to enhance our knowledge regarding the gut microbiota functional capacity, and support current and future attempts to create new compounds for future clinical interventions.

ACS Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Karolina Jakubczyk; Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz; Katarzyna Janda; Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Igor Łoniewski; And Wojciech Marlicz. Gut Biofactory—Neurocompetent Metabolites within the Gastrointestinal Tract. A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3369 .

AMA Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Karolina Jakubczyk, Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz, Katarzyna Janda, Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Igor Łoniewski, And Wojciech Marlicz. Gut Biofactory—Neurocompetent Metabolites within the Gastrointestinal Tract. A Scoping Review. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (11):3369.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Karolina Jakubczyk; Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz; Katarzyna Janda; Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Igor Łoniewski; And Wojciech Marlicz. 2020. "Gut Biofactory—Neurocompetent Metabolites within the Gastrointestinal Tract. A Scoping Review." Nutrients 12, no. 11: 3369.

Original research
Published: 01 October 2020 in Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology
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Purpose: Colonoscopy is a gold standard for screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The data from the search engine may reveal what information on coloscopy gains the attention of Internet users. We aimed to investigate Google searches trends and terms related to colonoscopy. Patients and Methods: We retrieved statistics searches related to colonoscopy using Google Trends (GT) and Google Ads (GA) for the period from April 2016 to March 2020. The GT data was used for the analysis of time and regional search patterns worldwide. GA data for Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand (NZ), Poland, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) were used to calculate the search volume of categories of queries related to colonoscopy. Results: Globally, the relative search volume on colonoscopy has increased until the COVID-19 outbreak and revealed seasonal variation: the highest interest was observed in March (CRC awareness month), and the lowest during December (Christmas holidays). The highest number of searches per 1000 Google users-years was done in Poland (59.62) and the lowest in the UK (19.46). Most commonly, Google users searched for details on colonoscopy techniques (Australia, Canada, Ireland, NZ), anesthesia during the procedure (Poland), facility performing colonoscopy (UK, US). In all seven countries, less than 2% of queries concerned with bowel preparation before the procedure. Conclusion: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest in colonoscopy has increased among Google users. Google users may underestimate the importance of proper bowel preparation.

ACS Style

Mikolaj Kaminski; Wojciech Marlicz; Anastasios Koulaouzidis. Googling on Colonoscopy: A Retrospective Analysis of Search Engine Statistics. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology 2020, ume 13, 397 -405.

AMA Style

Mikolaj Kaminski, Wojciech Marlicz, Anastasios Koulaouzidis. Googling on Colonoscopy: A Retrospective Analysis of Search Engine Statistics. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 2020; ume 13 ():397-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikolaj Kaminski; Wojciech Marlicz; Anastasios Koulaouzidis. 2020. "Googling on Colonoscopy: A Retrospective Analysis of Search Engine Statistics." Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology ume 13, no. : 397-405.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent muscle abnormality characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, common among patients with decompensated advanced chronic liver disease (dACLD). Irisin is a recently identified myokine, which is mainly expressed and secreted by skeletal muscle. Pointing to the essential role of irisin in metabolic regulation and energy expenditure we hypothesize that it plays an important role in cirrhosis development and progression. Aim: To assess irisin serum levels in patients with dACLD, with different cirrhosis stage and etiology. To analyze relationship between sarcopenia and irisin serum levels. Methods: Serum irisin concentrations were measured with commercially available ELISA kits in 88 cirrhotic patients. Recorded parameters of muscle mass were hand-grip strength (HGS), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAC), and transversal psoas muscle index (TPMI). Results: There was no difference in serum irisin levels between cirrhotic patients with different Child-Pugh (CTP) and model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and those with and without ascites. The Liver Frailty Index (LFI) was significantly higher in patients with more advanced liver disease according to CTP and MELD. There was no association between serum irisin level with MAC (r = 0.04, p = 0.74) nor with TPMI (r = 0.20, p = 0.06). We observed significant negative correlation between serum irisin level and age (r = −0.35, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum irisin levels did not correlate with sarcopenia. There was no difference in serum irisin levels between cirrhotic patients with and without diabetes. There was no difference in serum irisin levels among patients with more severe dACLD, although we observed significant LFI increase among patients with more advanced liver disease.

ACS Style

Michał Kukla; Lubomir Skladany; Tomasz Menżyk; Aleksandra Derra; Dominika Stygar; Magdalena Skonieczna; Dorota Hudy; Katarzyna Nabrdalik; Janusz Gumprecht; Wojciech Marlicz; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Tomas Koller. Irisin in Liver Cirrhosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 3158 .

AMA Style

Michał Kukla, Lubomir Skladany, Tomasz Menżyk, Aleksandra Derra, Dominika Stygar, Magdalena Skonieczna, Dorota Hudy, Katarzyna Nabrdalik, Janusz Gumprecht, Wojciech Marlicz, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Tomas Koller. Irisin in Liver Cirrhosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (10):3158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kukla; Lubomir Skladany; Tomasz Menżyk; Aleksandra Derra; Dominika Stygar; Magdalena Skonieczna; Dorota Hudy; Katarzyna Nabrdalik; Janusz Gumprecht; Wojciech Marlicz; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Tomas Koller. 2020. "Irisin in Liver Cirrhosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10: 3158.

Review
Published: 28 September 2020 in Cancers
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Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract pathology is common worldwide. With recent advancements in robotics, innovative diagnostic and treatment devices have been developed and several translational attempts made. This review paper aims to provide a highly pictorial critical review of robotic gastroscopes, so that clinicians and researchers can obtain a swift and comprehensive overview of key technologies and challenges. Therefore, the paper presents robotic gastroscopes, either commercial or at a progressed technology readiness level. Among them, we show tethered and wireless gastroscopes, as well as devices aimed for UGI surgery. The technological features of these instruments, as well as their clinical adoption and performance, are described and compared. Although the existing endoscopic devices have thus far provided substantial improvements in the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment, there are certain aspects that represent unwavering predicaments of the current gastroenterology practice. A detailed list includes difficulties and risks, such as transmission of communicable diseases (e.g., COVID-19) due to the doctor–patient proximity, unchanged learning curves, variable detection rates, procedure-related adverse events, endoscopists’ and nurses’ burnouts, limited human and/or material resources, and patients’ preferences to choose non-invasive options that further interfere with the successful implementation and adoption of routine screening. The combination of robotics and artificial intelligence, as well as remote telehealth endoscopy services, are also discussed, as viable solutions to improve existing platforms for diagnosis and treatment are emerging.

ACS Style

Wojciech Marlicz; Xuyang Ren; Alexander Robertson; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Igor Łoniewski; Paolo Dario; Shuxin Wang; John N Plevris; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Gastone Ciuti. Frontiers of Robotic Gastroscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Gastroscopes and Technologies. Cancers 2020, 12, 2775 .

AMA Style

Wojciech Marlicz, Xuyang Ren, Alexander Robertson, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Igor Łoniewski, Paolo Dario, Shuxin Wang, John N Plevris, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Gastone Ciuti. Frontiers of Robotic Gastroscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Gastroscopes and Technologies. Cancers. 2020; 12 (10):2775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Marlicz; Xuyang Ren; Alexander Robertson; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Igor Łoniewski; Paolo Dario; Shuxin Wang; John N Plevris; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Gastone Ciuti. 2020. "Frontiers of Robotic Gastroscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Gastroscopes and Technologies." Cancers 12, no. 10: 2775.

Review article
Published: 20 August 2020 in United European Gastroenterology Journal
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Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by normal or almost normal endoscopic appearance of the colon, chronic watery, non-bloody diarrhoea and distinct histological abnormalities, which identify three histological subtypes, the collagenous colitis, the lymphocytic colitis and the incomplete microscopic colitis. With ongoing uncertainties and new developments in the clinical management of microscopic colitis, there is a need for evidence-based guidelines to improve the medical care of patients suffering from this disorder. Guidelines were developed by members from the European Microscopic Colitis Group and United European Gastroenterology in accordance with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. Following a systematic literature review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Statements and recommendations were developed by working groups consisting of gastroenterologists, pathologists and basic scientists, and voted upon using the Delphi method. These guidelines provide information on epidemiology and risk factors of microscopic colitis, as well as evidence-based statements and recommendations on diagnostic criteria and treatment options, including oral budesonide, bile acid binders, immunomodulators and biologics. Recommendations on the clinical management of microscopic colitis are provided based on evidence, expert opinion and best clinical practice. These guidelines may support clinicians worldwide to improve the clinical management of patients with microscopic colitis.

ACS Style

Stephan Miehlke; Danila Guagnozzi; Yamile Zabana; Gian E. Tontini; Anne‐Marie Kanstrup Fiehn; Signe Wildt; Johan Bohr; Ole Bonderup; Gerd Bouma; Mauro D'Amato; Peter Johan Heiberg Engel; Fernando Fernandez‐Banares; Gilles Macaigne; Henrik Hjortswang; Elisabeth Hultgren‐Hörnquist; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Jouzas Kupcinskas; Stefania Landolfi; Giovanni Latella; Alfredo Lucendo; Ivan Lyutakov; Ahmed Madisch; Fernando Magro; Wojciech Marlicz; Emese Mihaly; Lars Kristian Munck; Ann‐Elisabeth Ostvik; Árpád V. Patai; Plamen Penchev; Karolina Skonieczna‐Żydecka; Bas Verhaegh; Andreas Münch. European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2020, 9, 13 -37.

AMA Style

Stephan Miehlke, Danila Guagnozzi, Yamile Zabana, Gian E. Tontini, Anne‐Marie Kanstrup Fiehn, Signe Wildt, Johan Bohr, Ole Bonderup, Gerd Bouma, Mauro D'Amato, Peter Johan Heiberg Engel, Fernando Fernandez‐Banares, Gilles Macaigne, Henrik Hjortswang, Elisabeth Hultgren‐Hörnquist, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Jouzas Kupcinskas, Stefania Landolfi, Giovanni Latella, Alfredo Lucendo, Ivan Lyutakov, Ahmed Madisch, Fernando Magro, Wojciech Marlicz, Emese Mihaly, Lars Kristian Munck, Ann‐Elisabeth Ostvik, Árpád V. Patai, Plamen Penchev, Karolina Skonieczna‐Żydecka, Bas Verhaegh, Andreas Münch. European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations. United European Gastroenterology Journal. 2020; 9 (1):13-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Miehlke; Danila Guagnozzi; Yamile Zabana; Gian E. Tontini; Anne‐Marie Kanstrup Fiehn; Signe Wildt; Johan Bohr; Ole Bonderup; Gerd Bouma; Mauro D'Amato; Peter Johan Heiberg Engel; Fernando Fernandez‐Banares; Gilles Macaigne; Henrik Hjortswang; Elisabeth Hultgren‐Hörnquist; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Jouzas Kupcinskas; Stefania Landolfi; Giovanni Latella; Alfredo Lucendo; Ivan Lyutakov; Ahmed Madisch; Fernando Magro; Wojciech Marlicz; Emese Mihaly; Lars Kristian Munck; Ann‐Elisabeth Ostvik; Árpád V. Patai; Plamen Penchev; Karolina Skonieczna‐Żydecka; Bas Verhaegh; Andreas Münch. 2020. "European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations." United European Gastroenterology Journal 9, no. 1: 13-37.

Article
Published: 20 July 2020 in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important role as a member of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating the conversion of angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin (1–7) (Ang [1–7]). But at the same time, while expressed on the surface of human cells, ACE2 is the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Expression of this receptor has been described in several types of cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which raises a concern that the virus may infect and damage the stem cell compartment. We demonstrate for the first time that ACE2 and the entry-facilitating transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 are expressed on very small CD133+CD34+Lin−CD45− cells in human umbilical cord blood (UCB), which can be specified into functional HSCs and EPCs. The existence of these cells known as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) has been confirmed by several laboratories, and some of them may correspond to putative postnatal hemangioblasts. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that, in human VSELs and HSCs, the interaction of the ACE2 receptor with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which if hyperactivated may lead to cell death by pyroptosis. Based on this finding, there is a possibility that human VSELs residing in adult tissues could be damaged by SARS-CoV-2, with remote effects on tissue/organ regeneration. We also report that ACE2 is expressed on the surface of murine bone marrow-derived VSELs and HSCs, although it is known that murine cells are not infected by SARS-CoV-2. Finally, human and murine VSELs express several RAAS genes, which sheds new light on the role of these genes in the specification of early-development stem cells.

ACS Style

Mariusz Z. Ratajczak; Kamila Bujko; Andrzej Ciechanowicz; Kasia Sielatycka; Monika Cymer; Wojciech Marlicz; Magda Kucia. SARS-CoV-2 Entry Receptor ACE2 Is Expressed on Very Small CD45− Precursors of Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cells and in Response to Virus Spike Protein Activates the Nlrp3 Inflammasome. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 2020, 17, 266 -277.

AMA Style

Mariusz Z. Ratajczak, Kamila Bujko, Andrzej Ciechanowicz, Kasia Sielatycka, Monika Cymer, Wojciech Marlicz, Magda Kucia. SARS-CoV-2 Entry Receptor ACE2 Is Expressed on Very Small CD45− Precursors of Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cells and in Response to Virus Spike Protein Activates the Nlrp3 Inflammasome. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2020; 17 (1):266-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Z. Ratajczak; Kamila Bujko; Andrzej Ciechanowicz; Kasia Sielatycka; Monika Cymer; Wojciech Marlicz; Magda Kucia. 2020. "SARS-CoV-2 Entry Receptor ACE2 Is Expressed on Very Small CD45− Precursors of Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cells and in Response to Virus Spike Protein Activates the Nlrp3 Inflammasome." Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 17, no. 1: 266-277.

Review
Published: 08 June 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of probiotic/synbiotic formulations to counteract cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in healthy people not receiving adjunctive medication. The systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase) until 1 August 2019 was performed for randomized controlled trials in >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis subgroup and meta-regression analysis of co-primary (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glucose, insulin, body weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and blood pressure) and secondary outcomes (uric acid, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1–PAI-1, fibrinogen, and any variable related to inflammation/endothelial dysfunction). We included 61 trials (5422 persons). The mean time of probiotic administration was 67.01 ± 38.72 days. Most of probiotic strains were of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. The other strains were Streptococci, Enterococci, and Pediococci. The daily probiotic dose varied between 106 and 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/gram. Probiotics/synbiotics counteracted CMR factors (endpoint data on BMI: standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.156, p = 0.006 and difference in means (DM) = −0.45, p = 0.00 and on WC: SMD = −0.147, p = 0.05 and DM = −1.21, p = 0.02; change scores on WC: SMD = −0.166, p = 0.04 and DM = −1.35, p = 0.03) in healthy persons. Overweight/obese healthy people might additionally benefit from reducing total cholesterol concentration (change scores on WC in overweight/obese: SMD: −0.178, p = 0.049). Poor quality of probiotic-related trials make systematic reviews and meta-analyses difficult to conduct and draw definite conclusions. “Gold standard” methodology in probiotic studies awaits further development.

ACS Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak; Dominika Maciejewska; Katarzyna Janda; Ewa Stachowska; Beata Łoniewska; Damian Malinowski; Krzysztof Borecki; Wojciech Marlicz; Igor Łoniewski. The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1788 .

AMA Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak, Dominika Maciejewska, Katarzyna Janda, Ewa Stachowska, Beata Łoniewska, Damian Malinowski, Krzysztof Borecki, Wojciech Marlicz, Igor Łoniewski. The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (6):1788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak; Dominika Maciejewska; Katarzyna Janda; Ewa Stachowska; Beata Łoniewska; Damian Malinowski; Krzysztof Borecki; Wojciech Marlicz; Igor Łoniewski. 2020. "The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6: 1788.

Review
Published: 31 May 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Flexible colonoscopy remains the prime mean of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gold standard of all population-based screening pathways around the world. Almost 60% of CRC deaths could be prevented with screening. However, colonoscopy attendance rates are affected by discomfort, fear of pain and embarrassment or loss of control during the procedure. Moreover, the emergence and global thread of new communicable diseases might seriously affect the functioning of contemporary centres performing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Innovative solutions are needed: artificial intelligence (AI) and physical robotics will drastically contribute for the future of the healthcare services. The translation of robotic technologies from traditional surgery to minimally invasive endoscopic interventions is an emerging field, mainly challenged by the tough requirements for miniaturization. Pioneering approaches for robotic colonoscopy have been reported in the nineties, with the appearance of inchworm-like devices. Since then, robotic colonoscopes with assistive functionalities have become commercially available. Research prototypes promise enhanced accessibility and flexibility for future therapeutic interventions, even via autonomous or robotic-assisted agents, such as robotic capsules. Furthermore, the pairing of such endoscopic systems with AI-enabled image analysis and recognition methods promises enhanced diagnostic yield. By assembling a multidisciplinary team of engineers and endoscopists, the paper aims to provide a contemporary and highly-pictorial critical review for robotic colonoscopes, hence providing clinicians and researchers with a glimpse of the major changes and challenges that lie ahead.

ACS Style

Gastone Ciuti; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Wojciech Marlicz; Veronica Iacovacci; HongBin Liu; Danail Stoyanov; Alberto Arezzo; Marcello Chiurazzi; Ervin Toth; Henrik Thorlacius; Paolo Dario; Anastasios Koulaouzidis. Frontiers of Robotic Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Colonoscopes and Technologies. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1648 .

AMA Style

Gastone Ciuti, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Wojciech Marlicz, Veronica Iacovacci, HongBin Liu, Danail Stoyanov, Alberto Arezzo, Marcello Chiurazzi, Ervin Toth, Henrik Thorlacius, Paolo Dario, Anastasios Koulaouzidis. Frontiers of Robotic Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Colonoscopes and Technologies. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (6):1648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gastone Ciuti; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Wojciech Marlicz; Veronica Iacovacci; HongBin Liu; Danail Stoyanov; Alberto Arezzo; Marcello Chiurazzi; Ervin Toth; Henrik Thorlacius; Paolo Dario; Anastasios Koulaouzidis. 2020. "Frontiers of Robotic Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Colonoscopes and Technologies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6: 1648.

Review
Published: 11 May 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection has been predominantly linked to respiratory distress syndrome, but gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatic injury have also been reported. The mechanism of liver injury is poorly understood and may result as a consequence of viral hepatitis, systemic inflammatory response, gut barrier and microbiome alterations, intensive care treatment or drug toxicity. The incidence of hepatopathy among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear, but studies have reported liver injury in patients with SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We aimed to systematically review data on the prevalence of hepatic impairments and their clinical course in SARS and MERS Coronaviridae infections. A systematic literature search (PubMed/Embase/Cinahl/Web of Science) according to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted from database inception until 17/03/2020 for studies that evaluated the incidence of hepatic abnormalities in SARS CoV-1, SARS CoV-2 and MERS infected patients with reported liver-related parameters. A total of forty-three studies were included. Liver anomalies were predominantly mild to moderately elevated transaminases, hypoalbuminemia and prolongation of prothrombin time. Histopathology varied between non-specific inflammation, mild steatosis, congestion and massive necrosis. More studies to elucidate the mechanism and importance of liver injury on the clinical course and prognosis in patients with novel SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted.

ACS Style

Michał Kukla; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Katarzyna Kotfis; Dominika Maciejewska; Igor Łoniewski; Luis. F. Lara; Monika Pazgan-Simon; Ewa Stachowska; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Wojciech Marlicz. COVID-19, MERS and SARS with Concomitant Liver Injury—Systematic Review of the Existing Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1420 .

AMA Style

Michał Kukla, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Katarzyna Kotfis, Dominika Maciejewska, Igor Łoniewski, Luis. F. Lara, Monika Pazgan-Simon, Ewa Stachowska, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Wojciech Marlicz. COVID-19, MERS and SARS with Concomitant Liver Injury—Systematic Review of the Existing Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (5):1420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Kukla; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Katarzyna Kotfis; Dominika Maciejewska; Igor Łoniewski; Luis. F. Lara; Monika Pazgan-Simon; Ewa Stachowska; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Anastasios Koulaouzidis; Wojciech Marlicz. 2020. "COVID-19, MERS and SARS with Concomitant Liver Injury—Systematic Review of the Existing Literature." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5: 1420.

Review
Published: 02 April 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Immaturity in digestive-tract motor function and altered intestinal microbiome may play roles in pathogenesis of infantile colic. We assessed the impact of probiotic therapy on crying duration day, in newborns experiencing colic attacks. The PubMed, Embase, Cinnahl, Web of Science databases, and a clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from inception until 12/02/2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to derive standardized mean differences/differences in means and risk ratios. We included 16 studies, which involved 1319 newborns aged up to 6 months. Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM17938 was administered predominantly (n = 10). Probiotic intervention reduced the duration of crying (standardized mean difference = −2.012, 95% confidence interval: −2.763 to −1.261, z = −5.25, p < 0.0001). The probability of at least a 50% reduction in crying duration was at least 1.98 times higher in the intervention group than in controls (Z = 4.80, p < 0.0001). The effects of the intervention were not significantly affected by the risk of bias assessment, percentage of breastfed infants, and duration of the study. In 11 studies, data concerning gut microbiota composition and function and/or immunological markers were given. Probiotics significantly shortened the crying duration, but a causal relationship between the modulatory effect of probiotics on microbiota and the immune system has not been confirmed.

ACS Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Katarzyna Janda; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Wojciech Marlicz; Igor Łoniewski; Beata Łoniewska. The Effect of Probiotics on Symptoms, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Infantile Colic: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 999 .

AMA Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Katarzyna Janda, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Wojciech Marlicz, Igor Łoniewski, Beata Łoniewska. The Effect of Probiotics on Symptoms, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Infantile Colic: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (4):999.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Katarzyna Janda; Mariusz Kaczmarczyk; Wojciech Marlicz; Igor Łoniewski; Beata Łoniewska. 2020. "The Effect of Probiotics on Symptoms, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Infantile Colic: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4: 999.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Internet forums are an attractive source of health-related information. We aimed to investigate threads in the gastroenterological section of a popular Polish medical forum for anonymous users. We characterised the following aspects in threads: the main problem of the original poster, declared ailments and rationale of the responses (rational, neutral, harmful or not related to the problem of the original poster). We analysed over 2717 forum threads initiated in the years 2010–2018. Users mostly asked for diagnosis of the problem [1814 (66.8%)], treatment [1056 (38.9%)] and diagnostic interpretation [308 (11.3%)]. The most commonly declared symptoms were abdominal pain [1046 (38.5%)], diarrhea [454 (16.7%)] and bloating [354 (13.0%)]. Alarm symptoms were mentioned in 309 (11.4%) threads. From the total 3550 responses, 1257 (35.4%) were assessed as rational, 693 (19.5%) as neutral, 157 (4.4%) as harmful and 1440 (40.6%) as not related to the user’s problem. The original poster’s declaration of blood in stool, dyspepsia, pain in the abdominal right lower quadrant, weight loss or inflammatory bowel disease was positively related to obtaining at least one potentially harmful response. Advice from anonymous users on Internet forums may be irrational and disregards alarm symptoms, which can delay the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases.

ACS Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Michał Borger; Piotr Prymas; Agnieszka Muth; Adam Stachowski; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. Analysis of Answers to Queries among Anonymous Users with Gastroenterological Problems on an Internet Forum. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1042 .

AMA Style

Mikołaj Kamiński, Michał Borger, Piotr Prymas, Agnieszka Muth, Adam Stachowski, Igor Łoniewski, Wojciech Marlicz. Analysis of Answers to Queries among Anonymous Users with Gastroenterological Problems on an Internet Forum. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):1042.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Michał Borger; Piotr Prymas; Agnieszka Muth; Adam Stachowski; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. 2020. "Analysis of Answers to Queries among Anonymous Users with Gastroenterological Problems on an Internet Forum." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 1042.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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We aimed to rank the most common locations of pain among Google users globally and locally and analyze secular and seasonal trends in pain-related searches in the years 2004–2019. We used data generated by Google Trends (GT) to identify and analyze global interest in topics (n = 24) related to locations of pain and how these progressed over time. We analyzed secular trends and time series decomposition to identify seasonal variations. We also calculated the interest in all topics with reference to the relative search volume (RSV) of “Abdominal pain”. Google users were most commonly interested in “Headache” (1.30 [times more frequently than “Abdominal pain”]), “Abdominal pain” (1.00), and “Back pain” (0.84). “Headache” was the most frequent search term in n = 41 countries, while “Abdominal pain” was the most frequent term in n = 27 countries. The interest in all pain-related topics except “Dyspareunia” increased over time. The sharpest increase was observed for “Abdominal pain” (5.67 RSV/year), and “Toothache” (5.52 RSV/year). Most of the topics revealed seasonal variations. Among pain-related topics, “Headache,” “Abdominal pain,” and “Back pain” interested most Google users. GT is a novel tool that allows retrospective investigation of complaints among Internet users.

ACS Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. “Dr. Google, I am in Pain”—Global Internet Searches Associated with Pain: A Retrospective Analysis of Google Trends Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 954 .

AMA Style

Mikołaj Kamiński, Igor Łoniewski, Wojciech Marlicz. “Dr. Google, I am in Pain”—Global Internet Searches Associated with Pain: A Retrospective Analysis of Google Trends Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):954.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. 2020. "“Dr. Google, I am in Pain”—Global Internet Searches Associated with Pain: A Retrospective Analysis of Google Trends Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 954.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
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Background: Internet traffic may reflect the prevalence of real-world ailments. The aim of this study was to analyse queries associated with abdominal pain and to investigate seasonal frequency and trends of searches in Poland. Methods: We analysed mean search volume from March 2015 to February 2019 of keywords associated with ‘abdominal pain’ in the Polish language generated from the Google Ads Planner. Keywords were categorised by location, feature or type of pain, concurrent symptoms, frequency and patient groups, etc. We compared differences in search volumes across seasons and years. Results: Overall, 24,673,430 queries were associated with abdominal pain in the period analysed. The number of searches associated with abdominal pain in winter increased by ~30% compared with queries searched in summer. There were significantly more searches related to abdominal pain located in the epigastric, umbilical, hypogastrium, left lumbar, left iliac and right iliac regions combined with vomiting or fever, and acute or burning sensation in cold months. We did not observe any specific patterns of pain in the right lumbar or left hypochondrium region, co-presence of flatulence, acute, cramping or persistent/chronic or strong abdominal pain. Conclusion: Internet queries associated with abdominal pain and related factors have increased in the past 4 years and present a seasonal pattern. Google Ads may be a valuable tool to assess the prevalence of complaints in under-researched regions. The observed trends in queries related to abdominal pain merely reflect the scale of the problem. The reported pattern should be verified in epidemiological studies.

ACS Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. ‘Dr. Google, I have a stomach ache’ – seasonal variations in abdominal pain: a 4-year retrospective data analysis from Google Ads keywords planner. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2020, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Mikołaj Kamiński, Igor Łoniewski, Wojciech Marlicz. ‘Dr. Google, I have a stomach ache’ – seasonal variations in abdominal pain: a 4-year retrospective data analysis from Google Ads keywords planner. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 2020; 13 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. 2020. "‘Dr. Google, I have a stomach ache’ – seasonal variations in abdominal pain: a 4-year retrospective data analysis from Google Ads keywords planner." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 13, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2019 in Diagnostics
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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized Western countries. The prevalence of the disease is estimated to range from 4% to 46% worldwide. The aim of study was to develop an animal model with gradual NAFLD development. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHCh) diet. The rats from the study and control groups were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of dietary exposure. Results: Analysis of biochemical parameters showed that after only two weeks, ALT and cholesterol concentration in serum were elevated. After 4 weeks, TNF-α and HOMA-IR were significantly higher compared to the control group. NAFLD progression started after 12 weeks of diet-weight gain and increased LPS secretions were noticed. During the experiment, rats induced steatosis (from stage 0/1 after 4 weeks to stage 2/3 after 20 weeks), inflammation (from stage 0/1 after 4 weeks to stage 1/2 after 20 weeks), and fibrosis (from stage 1 after 12 weeks to stage 2 after 20 weeks). Conclusion: We can assume that the presented model based on the HFHCh diet induced gradual development of NAFLD. We confirmed that the animal NAFLD model increases LPS secretions during disease progression.

ACS Style

Dominika Maciejewska; Agnieszka Łukomska; Karolina Dec; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Izabela Gutowska; Marta Skórka-Majewicz; Daniel Styburski; Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has; Anna Pilutin; Joanna Palma; Katarzyna Sieletycka; Wojciech Marlicz; Ewa Stachowska. Diet-Induced Rat Model of Gradual Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Secretion. Diagnostics 2019, 9, 205 .

AMA Style

Dominika Maciejewska, Agnieszka Łukomska, Karolina Dec, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Izabela Gutowska, Marta Skórka-Majewicz, Daniel Styburski, Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has, Anna Pilutin, Joanna Palma, Katarzyna Sieletycka, Wojciech Marlicz, Ewa Stachowska. Diet-Induced Rat Model of Gradual Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Secretion. Diagnostics. 2019; 9 (4):205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominika Maciejewska; Agnieszka Łukomska; Karolina Dec; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Izabela Gutowska; Marta Skórka-Majewicz; Daniel Styburski; Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has; Anna Pilutin; Joanna Palma; Katarzyna Sieletycka; Wojciech Marlicz; Ewa Stachowska. 2019. "Diet-Induced Rat Model of Gradual Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Secretion." Diagnostics 9, no. 4: 205.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The internet is becoming the main source of health-related information. We aimed to investigate data regarding heartburn-related searches made by Google users from Australia, Canada, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We retrospectively analyzed data from Google Ads Keywords Planner. We extracted search volumes of keywords associated with “heartburn” for June 2015 to May 2019. The data were generated in the respective primary language. The number of searches per 1,000 Google-user years was as follows: 177.4 (Australia), 178.1 (Canada), 123.8 (Germany), 199.7 (Poland), 152.5 (United Kingdom), and 194.5 (United States). The users were particularly interested in treatment (19.0 to 41.3%), diet (4.8 to 10.7%), symptoms (2.6 to 13.1%), and causes (3.7 to 10.0%). In all countries except Germany, the number of heartburn-related queries significantly increased over the analyzed period. For Canada, Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom, query numbers were significantly lowest in summer; there was no significant seasonal trend for Australia and the United States. The number of heartburn-related queries has increased over the past four years, and a seasonal pattern may exist in certain regions. The trends in heartburn-related searches may reflect the scale of the complaint, and should be verified through future epidemiological studies.

ACS Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Agata Misera; Wojciech Marlicz. Heartburn-Related Internet Searches and Trends of Interest across Six Western Countries: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis Using Google Ads Keyword Planner. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4591 .

AMA Style

Mikołaj Kamiński, Igor Łoniewski, Agata Misera, Wojciech Marlicz. Heartburn-Related Internet Searches and Trends of Interest across Six Western Countries: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis Using Google Ads Keyword Planner. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (23):4591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Agata Misera; Wojciech Marlicz. 2019. "Heartburn-Related Internet Searches and Trends of Interest across Six Western Countries: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis Using Google Ads Keyword Planner." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4591.

Erratum
Published: 22 October 2019 in Antibiotics
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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. 1

ACS Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. Erratum: Kamiński, M., Łoniewski, I., Marlicz, W. Global Internet Data on the Interest in Antibiotics and Probiotics Generated by Google Trends. Antibiotics 2019, 8(3), 147. Antibiotics 2019, 8, 190 .

AMA Style

Mikołaj Kamiński, Igor Łoniewski, Wojciech Marlicz. Erratum: Kamiński, M., Łoniewski, I., Marlicz, W. Global Internet Data on the Interest in Antibiotics and Probiotics Generated by Google Trends. Antibiotics 2019, 8(3), 147. Antibiotics. 2019; 8 (4):190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikołaj Kamiński; Igor Łoniewski; Wojciech Marlicz. 2019. "Erratum: Kamiński, M., Łoniewski, I., Marlicz, W. Global Internet Data on the Interest in Antibiotics and Probiotics Generated by Google Trends. Antibiotics 2019, 8(3), 147." Antibiotics 8, no. 4: 190.