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J.H. Palacios
Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment, 2700, Rue Einstein, Quebec City, QC G1P 3W8, Canada

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Review
Published: 22 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Sometimes the contamination in pig facilities can persist even after the washing and disinfection procedure. Some factors could influence this persistence, such as bacteria type, biofilm formation, material type and washing parameters. Therefore, this review summarizes how the type of surface can influence bacteria colonization and how the washing procedure can impact sanitary aspects, considering the different materials used in pig facilities. Studies have shown that biofilm formation on the surface of different materials is a complex system influenced by environmental conditions and the characteristics of each material’s surface and group of bacteria. These parameters, along with the washing parameters, are the main factors having an impact on the removal or persistence of biofilm in pig facilities even after the cleaning and disinfection processes. Some options are available for proper removal of biofilms, such as chemical treatments (i.e., detergent application), the use of hot water (which is indicated for some materials) and a longer washing time.

ACS Style

Erika Nakanishi; Joahnn Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Sébastien Fournel. Interaction between Biofilm Formation, Surface Material and Cleanability Considering Different Materials Used in Pig Facilities—An Overview. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5836 .

AMA Style

Erika Nakanishi, Joahnn Palacios, Stéphane Godbout, Sébastien Fournel. Interaction between Biofilm Formation, Surface Material and Cleanability Considering Different Materials Used in Pig Facilities—An Overview. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erika Nakanishi; Joahnn Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Sébastien Fournel. 2021. "Interaction between Biofilm Formation, Surface Material and Cleanability Considering Different Materials Used in Pig Facilities—An Overview." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5836.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2020 in Animals
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Animal welfare concerns have been a challenging issue for producers and international marketing. In laying hen production, cage-free systems (CFS) have been identified as an alternative to ensure the laying hens’ well-being. Nevertheless, in CFS, important environmental issues have been reported, decreasing indoor air quality. Environmental control strategies (ECS) have been designed to enhance indoor air quality in CFSs. However, little information exists about the effect of these ECSs on natural animal behaviors. Four strategies and one control were tested in an experimental CFS, previously designed to track behavioral variables using video recordings over seven time-lapses of 1 hour per day. Spatial occupancy (SO) and laying hen behaviors (LHB) were registered. One statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of ECS on SO and LHB using a multinomial response model. Results show lower chances to use litter area within the reduction of litter allowance treatment (T17) (p < 0.05). Neither the four ECSs nor the control implemented in this experiment affected the natural behaviors of the hens. However, stress patterns and high activity were reported in the T17 treatment. This study shows that it is possible to use these ECSs without disrupting laying hens’ natural behaviors.

ACS Style

Andrés F. Gonzalez-Mora; Araceli D. Larios; Alain N. Rousseau; Stéphane Godbout; Cédric Morin; Joahnn H. Palacios; Michèle Grenier; Sébastien Fournel. Assessing Environmental Control Strategies in Cage-Free Egg Production Systems: Effect on Spatial Occupancy and Natural Behaviors. Animals 2020, 11, 17 .

AMA Style

Andrés F. Gonzalez-Mora, Araceli D. Larios, Alain N. Rousseau, Stéphane Godbout, Cédric Morin, Joahnn H. Palacios, Michèle Grenier, Sébastien Fournel. Assessing Environmental Control Strategies in Cage-Free Egg Production Systems: Effect on Spatial Occupancy and Natural Behaviors. Animals. 2020; 11 (1):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrés F. Gonzalez-Mora; Araceli D. Larios; Alain N. Rousseau; Stéphane Godbout; Cédric Morin; Joahnn H. Palacios; Michèle Grenier; Sébastien Fournel. 2020. "Assessing Environmental Control Strategies in Cage-Free Egg Production Systems: Effect on Spatial Occupancy and Natural Behaviors." Animals 11, no. 1: 17.

Original article
Published: 26 September 2020 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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Liquids obtained by fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapors from two types of lignocellulosic biomass, namely Jerusalem artichoke stalk (high cellulose and ash contents) and white birch bark (high lignin and extractive contents), were compared. Using two condensers connected in series, a dark oily fraction rich in phenolic compounds and sugar derivatives was obtained at 90 °C (respectively, 14% of total polyphenols and 11% of total carbohydrates for the oily fraction from the agricultural stalk) followed by aqueous fraction at 0 °C. Stalk yielded a homogeneous oily fraction whereas the bark oily liquid was heterogeneous, due possibly to lignin pyrolysis products. Both yielded clear orange aqueous fractions having a chemical composition close to wood vinegar, > 60% water, and high concentrations of acetic acid, with also a significant content of polyphenols, around 5%. This study showed that fractional condensation could be a vital tool in pyrolysis-based biorefinery producing an oily (application as an energy source or as a chemical feedstock) and an aqueous fraction (applications as biocide or biostimulation in agriculture) by pyrolysis of vastly different lignocellulosic biomasses.

ACS Style

Étienne Le Roux; Simon Barnabé; Stéphane Godbout; Ingrid Zamboni; Joahnn Palacios. Production and characterization of two fractions of pyrolysis liquid from agricultural and wood residues. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2020, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Étienne Le Roux, Simon Barnabé, Stéphane Godbout, Ingrid Zamboni, Joahnn Palacios. Production and characterization of two fractions of pyrolysis liquid from agricultural and wood residues. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2020; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Étienne Le Roux; Simon Barnabé; Stéphane Godbout; Ingrid Zamboni; Joahnn Palacios. 2020. "Production and characterization of two fractions of pyrolysis liquid from agricultural and wood residues." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2020 in Livestock Science
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The increasing public concern for animal welfare has pushed the poultry sector to progressively replace conventional battery cages (CC) for laying hens with alternative systems such as enriched cages (EC) and aviaries (AV). The aim of this study was to compare laying performance, egg location, and egg quality associated with these three housing types. The experiment was conducted in twelve pilot-scale chambers fitted out with one of the three treatments. Each chamber housed 30 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens from 23 to 32 weeks of age. The available area was 492, 780, and 1120 cm²/hen for CC, EC, and AV, respectively. The EC and AV chambers were equipped with nest boxes, perches, and a pecking/scratching area (PSA). In the AV chambers, hens had free access to a space arranged in three levels with a wood shaving litter on the ground level as a PSA. Hen-day production was recorded and egg quality assessment included egg cleanliness, weight and proportion of each component (albumen, yolk, and shell) but also pH, Haugh unit, and meat spots for albumen; color intensity and blood spots for yolk; thickness and resistance for shell. The laying rate and egg weight were similar for CC and EC (around 96.5% and 59.5 g; P > 0.05). For AV, these parameters were significantly lower (77.2% and 58.6 g; P < 0.001) but the differences compared to the cage systems progressively reduced across time. Nearby 70% of the eggs were laid in the nests with EC while almost all of the eggs were laid on the litter at ground level with AV. The rate of clean eggs was around 77% for both cage systems compared to 14% for AV. Most of egg quality traits were identical for the three systems (P > 0.05) but there was a lower yolk proportion for eggs laid in AV (25.2% versus 25.7% for cages systems; P < 0.001) and higher shell resistance for eggs laid in CC (40.7 N versus 39.3 N for alternative systems; P < 0.001). Lower laying performance observed with AV could be explained by higher animal activity and competition for facilities, but these factors were not measured in this study. The reduction of the difference in egg productivity over time compared to cage systems suggest the need for a period of training/adaptation for pullets/hens kept in such an environment. An enriched cage system seems a balanced solution that combines both laying productivity and improved animal welfare. Further research should be performed to improve acceptance and appropriate use of resources by birds in an aviary system.

ACS Style

F.X. Philippe; Y. Mahmoudi; D. Cinq-Mars; M. Lefrançois; N. Moula; J. Palacios; F. Pelletier; S. Godbout. Comparison of egg production, quality and composition in three production systems for laying hens. Livestock Science 2020, 232, 103917 .

AMA Style

F.X. Philippe, Y. Mahmoudi, D. Cinq-Mars, M. Lefrançois, N. Moula, J. Palacios, F. Pelletier, S. Godbout. Comparison of egg production, quality and composition in three production systems for laying hens. Livestock Science. 2020; 232 ():103917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.X. Philippe; Y. Mahmoudi; D. Cinq-Mars; M. Lefrançois; N. Moula; J. Palacios; F. Pelletier; S. Godbout. 2020. "Comparison of egg production, quality and composition in three production systems for laying hens." Livestock Science 232, no. : 103917.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Geoderma
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Biochar production for soil amendment was recently proposed as a tool to mitigate climate change, reducing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sequestrating carbon (C) in soil. The aim of this research project was to test the hypothesis that only biochars with specific requirements (low H/Corg and O/Corg ratios, high C/N ratio) can reduce soil N2O emissions without increasing CO2 emissions in the short term. A 45-days incubation study was carried out, in which six engineered biochars made from the pyrolysis of wood, switchgrass and the solid fraction of pig manure (SFPM), were amended to two agricultural soils (loamy sand and silt loam) at a dose of 2% (w/w) in 1-liter jars. Soil moisture content was adjusted at 80% of water-filled pore space with a solution of ammonium nitrate that corresponds to 170 kg of nitrogen per hectare. N2O and CO2 emissions were analysed on days 2, 3, and then weekly. Soil chemical properties and bacterial richness, composition and taxonomy were analysed after the incubation period. When compared to the control soils without biochar, N2O emissions were decreased by 42 to 90%, but only in the silt loam amended with biochars made from wood and switchgrass, these biochars having a high C/N ratio (>30). Lower N-NH4+ and N-NO3− concentrations were observed in these biochar treatments than in control soil. Moreover, two bacterial classes (Deltaproteobacteria and Thermoleophilia) were correlated with a decrease in N2O emissions. For each type of biochar, those produced at the highest temperature with low O/Corg and H/Corg ratios resulted in the lowest increase in CO2 emissions, which could indicate a higher biochar carbon stability. Overall, results of this study demonstrated that biochar can either increase or decrease soil GHG emissions depending on its properties, and that the effect can differ according to soil properties. Future long-term studies in the field in the presence of crop should be carried out in order to validate the conclusions of this study.

ACS Style

Patrick Brassard; Stéphane Godbout; Joahnn H. Palacios; Thomas Jeanne; Richard Hogue; Patrick Dubé; Lionel Limousy; Vijaya Raghavan. Effect of six engineered biochars on GHG emissions from two agricultural soils: A short-term incubation study. Geoderma 2018, 327, 73 -84.

AMA Style

Patrick Brassard, Stéphane Godbout, Joahnn H. Palacios, Thomas Jeanne, Richard Hogue, Patrick Dubé, Lionel Limousy, Vijaya Raghavan. Effect of six engineered biochars on GHG emissions from two agricultural soils: A short-term incubation study. Geoderma. 2018; 327 ():73-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick Brassard; Stéphane Godbout; Joahnn H. Palacios; Thomas Jeanne; Richard Hogue; Patrick Dubé; Lionel Limousy; Vijaya Raghavan. 2018. "Effect of six engineered biochars on GHG emissions from two agricultural soils: A short-term incubation study." Geoderma 327, no. : 73-84.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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A life cycle approach was used to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy balances of switchgrass pyrolysis in an auger reactor for biochar production, with bio-oil and syngas as co-products. The system boundaries included the cultivation of switchgrass on marginal lands, harvesting, transport, conditioning, pyrolysis, the amendment of biochar in soil to sequester carbon (C) and to reduce N2O emissions, and the valorisation of bio-oil and syngas as energy sources. Two pyrolysis scenarios were evaluated. Scenario A involves a lower pyrolysis temperature and a shorter solid residence in the reactor as compared to scenario B. A negative GHG emissions balance of −2110 and −2561 kg CO2e Mg−1 biochar was obtained for scenarios A and B, respectively. Biochar C sequestration contributed the most to the reduction of GHG emissions in scenario B due to the high C content and stability in biochar. However, scenario B resulted in a higher energy consumption (13,563 MJ Mg−1 biochar) than scenario A (2925 MJ Mg−1 biochar) due to a higher energy consumption of the pyrolysis unit. These results confirm that pyrolysis of switchgrass for biochar and bio-oil production can be a negative emission technology, but pyrolysis operating parameters should be selected carefully.

ACS Style

Patrick Brassard; Stéphane Godbout; Frédéric Pelletier; Vijaya Raghavan; Joahnn H. Palacios. Pyrolysis of switchgrass in an auger reactor for biochar production: A greenhouse gas and energy impacts assessment. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 116, 99 -105.

AMA Style

Patrick Brassard, Stéphane Godbout, Frédéric Pelletier, Vijaya Raghavan, Joahnn H. Palacios. Pyrolysis of switchgrass in an auger reactor for biochar production: A greenhouse gas and energy impacts assessment. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 116 ():99-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick Brassard; Stéphane Godbout; Frédéric Pelletier; Vijaya Raghavan; Joahnn H. Palacios. 2018. "Pyrolysis of switchgrass in an auger reactor for biochar production: A greenhouse gas and energy impacts assessment." Biomass and Bioenergy 116, no. : 99-105.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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In the present study, physical, chemical, morphological, crystallographic analysis of the non-treated and treated (100 °C during 30 min) sugarcane bagasse fibers were examined. Sugarcane bagasse fibers pre-treatment effect on the Portland cement hydration was monitored by inhibition tests and differential scanning calorimetry in the first 24 h. Furthermore, 28 days age physical-mechanical properties of cement composite materials with sugarcane bagasse fibers were also evaluated. Inhibition index of treated sugarcane bagasse fibers was 5.9%, while for the non-treated sugarcane bagasse fibers it was 67.3%. Cement composites containing treated sugarcane bagasse fibers showed lower physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) than the cement composites reinforced with non-treated sugarcane bagasse fibers (p < 0.05). Likewise, mechanical properties under flexure (modulus of rupture, MOR, and modulus of elasticity, MOE) of cement composites with treated sugarcane bagasse fibers showed higher values than the cement composites with non-treated sugarcane bagasse fibers (p < 0.05), thus proving the pre-treatment efficiency on sugarcane bagasse fibers for cement composites.

ACS Style

Matheus R. Cabral; Erika Yukari Nakanishi; Valdemir Alexandre dos Santos; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Holmer Savastano Junior; Juliano Fiorelli. Evaluation of pre-treatment efficiency on sugarcane bagasse fibers for the production of cement composites. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 2018, 18, 1092 -1102.

AMA Style

Matheus R. Cabral, Erika Yukari Nakanishi, Valdemir Alexandre dos Santos, Joahnn H­. Palacios, Stéphane Godbout, Holmer Savastano Junior, Juliano Fiorelli. Evaluation of pre-treatment efficiency on sugarcane bagasse fibers for the production of cement composites. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 2018; 18 (4):1092-1102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matheus R. Cabral; Erika Yukari Nakanishi; Valdemir Alexandre dos Santos; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Holmer Savastano Junior; Juliano Fiorelli. 2018. "Evaluation of pre-treatment efficiency on sugarcane bagasse fibers for the production of cement composites." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 4: 1092-1102.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Biosystems Engineering
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Passive flux samplers (PFSs) packed with adsorbents are used to estimate gaseous emissions. A key condition of their use is maintaining a linear relationship between internal and external air velocities. The performance of PFSs designs depends on the characteristics of the adsorption bed and on the sampler design. The parameters required to enable PFSs to estimate greenhouse (GHG) emissions from agricultural sources were studied. The effect of the particle size of the adsorbent used as collector medium was analyzed theoretically using the Ergun equation. Three orifice plates with 0.5, 0.7 and 1 mm bore diameter were evaluated in order to determine the most appropriate diameter to control air flow through a new passive flux sampler (PFS) prototype while maintaining adequate linearity between internal and external air velocity. The effect of the adsorbent bed thickness (19, 50, 100 and 200 mm) on the internal-external air velocity relationship in the PFS was evaluated. The best performance was obtained using the 0.7 mm orifice plate and an adsorbent bed thickness of 50 mm. Spherical adsorbents with high adsorption capacity are recommended in order to decrease the adsorbent bed thickness and improve sampling performance. A series of experiments showed that the estimated mass flow obtained by the developed PFS was close to the confidence interval of values obtained by direct detection. Thus, the developed PFS can be used as a tool for the estimating of GHG emissions from agricultural sources.

ACS Style

Araceli D. Larios; Stéphane Godbout; Satinder K. Brar; Joahnn H. Palacios; Dan Zegan; Antonio Avalos-Ramírez; Fabiola Sandoval-Salas. Development of passive flux samplers based on adsorption to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources. Biosystems Engineering 2018, 169, 165 -174.

AMA Style

Araceli D. Larios, Stéphane Godbout, Satinder K. Brar, Joahnn H. Palacios, Dan Zegan, Antonio Avalos-Ramírez, Fabiola Sandoval-Salas. Development of passive flux samplers based on adsorption to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources. Biosystems Engineering. 2018; 169 ():165-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Araceli D. Larios; Stéphane Godbout; Satinder K. Brar; Joahnn H. Palacios; Dan Zegan; Antonio Avalos-Ramírez; Fabiola Sandoval-Salas. 2018. "Development of passive flux samplers based on adsorption to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources." Biosystems Engineering 169, no. : 165-174.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Atmospheric Pollution Research
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ACS Style

A.D. Larios; F. Chebana; S. Godbout; S.K. Brar; F. Valera; J.H. Palacios; A. Avalos Ramirez; F. Saldoval-Salas; J.P. Larouche; D. Medina-Hernández; L. Potvin. Analysis of atmospheric ammonia concentration from four sites in Quebec City region over 2010–2013. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2018, 9, 476 -482.

AMA Style

A.D. Larios, F. Chebana, S. Godbout, S.K. Brar, F. Valera, J.H. Palacios, A. Avalos Ramirez, F. Saldoval-Salas, J.P. Larouche, D. Medina-Hernández, L. Potvin. Analysis of atmospheric ammonia concentration from four sites in Quebec City region over 2010–2013. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2018; 9 (3):476-482.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A.D. Larios; F. Chebana; S. Godbout; S.K. Brar; F. Valera; J.H. Palacios; A. Avalos Ramirez; F. Saldoval-Salas; J.P. Larouche; D. Medina-Hernández; L. Potvin. 2018. "Analysis of atmospheric ammonia concentration from four sites in Quebec City region over 2010–2013." Atmospheric Pollution Research 9, no. 3: 476-482.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2018 in 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X)
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ACS Style

Joahnn H. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Sébastien Turcotte; Marie-Aude Ricard. Impact of Slatted Floor on Ammonia Emissions in Fattening Swine Housing. 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X) 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Joahnn H. Palacios, Stéphane Godbout, Sébastien Turcotte, Marie-Aude Ricard. Impact of Slatted Floor on Ammonia Emissions in Fattening Swine Housing. 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X). 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joahnn H. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Sébastien Turcotte; Marie-Aude Ricard. 2018. "Impact of Slatted Floor on Ammonia Emissions in Fattening Swine Housing." 10th International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES X) , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 27 March 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The present study analyzes the effect of parameters that determine the use of the zeolite 5A as collector medium in passive flux samplers (PFS) developed to estimate N2O emissions from livestock buildings. The study analyzes the mass of N2O collected on the zeolite 5A as a function of gas flow rate (40 and 130 ml/min), inlet mass of N2O to the PFS (from 7 to 84 μg), adsorbent mass (4 and 13.6 g), length of the adsorbent bed (1.9 and 10.9 cm), and inlet N2O concentration (0.6 and 2 ppmv). The mass of N2O collected on the zeolite 5A ranged from 1.24 to 6.19 μg of N2O/g of adsorbent, which was mainly affected by inlet N2O concentration and mass of adsorbent contained in the PFS. The mass of N2O collected presented a significant relationship with the inlet N2O concentration and the adsorbent bed. Tests were performed using PFS in a laboratory farm under semi-real conditions. It was found that at sampling time of 1.5 h, the accuracy and precision of PFS was appropriate. Under evaluated conditions, a maximum variation between PFS and direct detection of around 12% was estimated.

ACS Style

Araceli D. Larios; Satinder Kaur Brar; Antonio Avalos Ramírez; Stéphane Godbout; Fabiola Sandoval-Salas; Joahnn H. Palacios; Patrick Dubé; Beatriz Delgado; Anne Giroir-Fendler. Parameters determining the use of zeolite 5A as collector medium in passive flux samplers to estimate N2O emissions from livestock sources. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 12136 -12143.

AMA Style

Araceli D. Larios, Satinder Kaur Brar, Antonio Avalos Ramírez, Stéphane Godbout, Fabiola Sandoval-Salas, Joahnn H. Palacios, Patrick Dubé, Beatriz Delgado, Anne Giroir-Fendler. Parameters determining the use of zeolite 5A as collector medium in passive flux samplers to estimate N2O emissions from livestock sources. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (13):12136-12143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Araceli D. Larios; Satinder Kaur Brar; Antonio Avalos Ramírez; Stéphane Godbout; Fabiola Sandoval-Salas; Joahnn H. Palacios; Patrick Dubé; Beatriz Delgado; Anne Giroir-Fendler. 2017. "Parameters determining the use of zeolite 5A as collector medium in passive flux samplers to estimate N2O emissions from livestock sources." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 13: 12136-12143.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2017 in Energies
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Biomass pyrolysis and the valorization of co-products (biochar, bio-oil, syngas) could be a sustainable management solution for agricultural and forest residues. Depending on its properties, biochar amended to soil could improve fertility. Moreover, biochar is expected to mitigate climate change by reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions, if its C/N ratio is lower than 30, and sequestrating carbon if its O/Corg and H/Corg ratios are lower than 0.2 and 0.7, respectively. However, the yield and properties of biochar are influenced by biomass feedstock and pyrolysis operating parameters. The objective of this research study was to validate an approach based on the response surface methodology, to identify the optimal pyrolysis operating parameters (temperature, solid residence time, and carrier gas flowrate), in order to produce engineered biochars for carbon sequestration. The pyrolysis of forest residues, switchgrass, and the solid fraction of pig manure, was carried out in a vertical auger reactor following a Box-Behnken design, in order to develop response surface models. The optimal pyrolysis operating parameters were estimated to obtain biochar with the lowest H/Corg and O/Corg ratios. Validation pyrolysis experiments confirmed that the selected approach can be used to accurately predict the optimal operating parameters for producing biochar with the desired properties to sequester carbon.

ACS Style

Patrick Brassard; Stéphane Godbout; Vijaya Raghavan; Joahnn H. Palacios; Michèle Grenier; Dan Zegan. The Production of Engineered Biochars in a Vertical Auger Pyrolysis Reactor for Carbon Sequestration. Energies 2017, 10, 288 .

AMA Style

Patrick Brassard, Stéphane Godbout, Vijaya Raghavan, Joahnn H. Palacios, Michèle Grenier, Dan Zegan. The Production of Engineered Biochars in a Vertical Auger Pyrolysis Reactor for Carbon Sequestration. Energies. 2017; 10 (3):288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick Brassard; Stéphane Godbout; Vijaya Raghavan; Joahnn H. Palacios; Michèle Grenier; Dan Zegan. 2017. "The Production of Engineered Biochars in a Vertical Auger Pyrolysis Reactor for Carbon Sequestration." Energies 10, no. 3: 288.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2015 in Agriculture
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Agricultural producers are interested in using biomass available on farms to substitute fossil fuels for heat production. However, energy crops like reed canary grass contain high nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K) and other ash-forming elements which lead to increased emissions of gases and particulate matter (PM) and ash-related operational problems (e.g., melting) during combustion. To address these problematic behaviors, reed canary grass was blended with wood (50 wt%) and fuel additives (3 wt%) such as aluminum silicates (sewage sludge), calcium (limestone) and sulfur (lignosulfonate) based additives. When burned in a top-feed pellet boiler (29 kW), the four blends resulted in a 17%–29% decrease of PM concentrations compared to pure reed canary grass probably because of a reduction of K release to flue gas. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions varied according to fuel N and S contents. This explains the lower NOx and SO2 levels obtained with wood based products and the higher SO2 generation with the grass/lignosulfonate blend. The proportion of clinkers found in combustion ash was greatly lessened (27%–98%) with the use of additives, except for lignosulfonate. The positive effects of some additives may allow agricultural fuels to become viable alternatives.

ACS Style

Sébastien Fournel; Joahnn H. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Michèle Heitz. Effect of Additives and Fuel Blending on Emissions and Ash-Related Problems from Small-Scale Combustion of Reed Canary Grass. Agriculture 2015, 5, 561 -576.

AMA Style

Sébastien Fournel, Joahnn H. Palacios, Stéphane Godbout, Michèle Heitz. Effect of Additives and Fuel Blending on Emissions and Ash-Related Problems from Small-Scale Combustion of Reed Canary Grass. Agriculture. 2015; 5 (3):561-576.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sébastien Fournel; Joahnn H. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Michèle Heitz. 2015. "Effect of Additives and Fuel Blending on Emissions and Ash-Related Problems from Small-Scale Combustion of Reed Canary Grass." Agriculture 5, no. 3: 561-576.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Phosphate rock fertilization is commonly used in peatland restoration to promote the growth of Polytrichum strictum, a nurse plant which aids the establishment of Sphagnum mosses. The present study tested whether 1) phosphorus fertilization facilitates the germination of P. strictum spores and 2) biochar derived from local pig manure can replace imported phosphate rock currently used in peatland restoration. Various doses of biochar were compared to phosphate rock to test its effect directly on P. strictum stem regeneration (in Petri dishes in a growth chamber) and in a simulation of peatland restoration with the moss layer transfer technique (in mesocoms in a greenhouse). Phosphorus fertilization promoted the germination of P. strictum spores as well as vegetative stem development. Biochar can effectively replace phosphate rock in peatland restoration giving a new waste management option for rural regions with phosphorus surpluses. As more available phosphorus was present in biochar, an addition of only 3-9 g m(-2) of pig manure biochar is recommended during the peatland restoration process, which is less than the standard dose of phosphate rock (15 g m(-2)).

ACS Style

Rémy Pouliot; Sandrine Hugron; Line Rochefort; Stéphane Godbout; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Elisabeth Groeneveld; Isabelle Jarry. Manure derived biochar can successfully replace phosphate rock amendment in peatland restoration. Journal of Environmental Management 2015, 157, 118 -126.

AMA Style

Rémy Pouliot, Sandrine Hugron, Line Rochefort, Stéphane Godbout, Joahnn H­. Palacios, Elisabeth Groeneveld, Isabelle Jarry. Manure derived biochar can successfully replace phosphate rock amendment in peatland restoration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2015; 157 ():118-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rémy Pouliot; Sandrine Hugron; Line Rochefort; Stéphane Godbout; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Elisabeth Groeneveld; Isabelle Jarry. 2015. "Manure derived biochar can successfully replace phosphate rock amendment in peatland restoration." Journal of Environmental Management 157, no. : 118-126.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Applied Energy
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ACS Style

Sébastien Fournel; Joahnn H­. Palacios; R. Morissette; J. Villeneuve; S. Godbout; M. Heitz; P. Savoie. Influence of biomass properties on technical and environmental performance of a multi-fuel boiler during on-farm combustion of energy crops. Applied Energy 2015, 141, 247 -259.

AMA Style

Sébastien Fournel, Joahnn H­. Palacios, R. Morissette, J. Villeneuve, S. Godbout, M. Heitz, P. Savoie. Influence of biomass properties on technical and environmental performance of a multi-fuel boiler during on-farm combustion of energy crops. Applied Energy. 2015; 141 ():247-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sébastien Fournel; Joahnn H­. Palacios; R. Morissette; J. Villeneuve; S. Godbout; M. Heitz; P. Savoie. 2015. "Influence of biomass properties on technical and environmental performance of a multi-fuel boiler during on-farm combustion of energy crops." Applied Energy 141, no. : 247-259.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Atmospheric Environment
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ACS Style

S. Fournel; J.H. Palacios; R. Morissette; J. Villeneuve; S. Godbout; M. Heitz; P. Savoie. Particulate concentrations during on-farm combustion of energy crops of different shapes and harvest seasons. Atmospheric Environment 2015, 104, 50 -58.

AMA Style

S. Fournel, J.H. Palacios, R. Morissette, J. Villeneuve, S. Godbout, M. Heitz, P. Savoie. Particulate concentrations during on-farm combustion of energy crops of different shapes and harvest seasons. Atmospheric Environment. 2015; 104 ():50-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Fournel; J.H. Palacios; R. Morissette; J. Villeneuve; S. Godbout; M. Heitz; P. Savoie. 2015. "Particulate concentrations during on-farm combustion of energy crops of different shapes and harvest seasons." Atmospheric Environment 104, no. : 50-58.

Book chapter
Published: 13 January 2015 in Carbon Capture and Storage
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ACS Style

Mausam Verma; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Frédéric Pelletier; Stephane Godbout; Satinder K. Brar; R. D. Tyagi; Rao Y. Surampalli. Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Physical/Chemical Technologies. Carbon Capture and Storage 2015, 37 -64.

AMA Style

Mausam Verma, Joahnn H­. Palacios, Frédéric Pelletier, Stephane Godbout, Satinder K. Brar, R. D. Tyagi, Rao Y. Surampalli. Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Physical/Chemical Technologies. Carbon Capture and Storage. 2015; ():37-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mausam Verma; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Frédéric Pelletier; Stephane Godbout; Satinder K. Brar; R. D. Tyagi; Rao Y. Surampalli. 2015. "Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Physical/Chemical Technologies." Carbon Capture and Storage , no. : 37-64.

Comparative study
Published: 01 March 2014 in Bioresource Technology
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The aim of this study was to compare gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions from the combustion of agricultural (switchgrass, fast-growing willow and the dried solid fraction of pig manure) and forest (wood mixture of Black Spruce and Jack Pine) biomasses in a small-scale unit (17.58kW). Concentrations of CO2, CO, CH4, NO2, NH3, N2O, SO2, HCl, and H2O were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and converted into emission rates. Opacity was also evaluated and particulates were sampled. Results showed significantly higher emissions of SO2, NO2 and PM with the combustion of agricultural biomass compared to the forest biomass. However, further studies should be carried out so regulations can be adapted in order to permit the combustion of agricultural biomass in small-scale combustion units.

ACS Style

Patrick Brassard; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Denis Bussières; Robert Lagacé; Jean-Pierre Larouche; Frédéric Pelletier. Comparison of the gaseous and particulate matter emissions from the combustion of agricultural and forest biomasses. Bioresource Technology 2014, 155, 300 -306.

AMA Style

Patrick Brassard, Joahnn H­. Palacios, Stéphane Godbout, Denis Bussières, Robert Lagacé, Jean-Pierre Larouche, Frédéric Pelletier. Comparison of the gaseous and particulate matter emissions from the combustion of agricultural and forest biomasses. Bioresource Technology. 2014; 155 ():300-306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrick Brassard; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Stéphane Godbout; Denis Bussières; Robert Lagacé; Jean-Pierre Larouche; Frédéric Pelletier. 2014. "Comparison of the gaseous and particulate matter emissions from the combustion of agricultural and forest biomasses." Bioresource Technology 155, no. : 300-306.

Review article
Published: 31 May 2012 in Bioresource Technology
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Wood and agricultural crop residues are abundant, renewable and relatively low cost biomasses. Their combustion can replace fossil fuels in several applications. A major concern with biomass combustion is the emission of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed ambient air quality guidelines, notably maximum average annual levels of 20 μg/m(3) for PM10 (particulate matter<10 μm). Combustion standards generally assess total PM at the chimney stack, with variable levels depending on local legislation, industrial activity, population density, etc. (e.g. 100-200mg/m(3) in Massachusetts, 150 mg/m(3) in Québec, and 600 mg/m(3) in New York). Some areas mandate relatively low PM levels from boilers (50mg/m(3) in Europe, 20mg/m(3) in Germany starting in 2015). The availability of conditioned and relatively dry biomass, along with PM removal technologies (e.g. cyclones, scrubbers, precipitators, and baghouse filters), will become important requirements for future biomass combustion.

ACS Style

Joey Villeneuve; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Philippe Savoie; Stéphane Godbout. A critical review of emission standards and regulations regarding biomass combustion in small scale units (<3MW). Bioresource Technology 2012, 111, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Joey Villeneuve, Joahnn H­. Palacios, Philippe Savoie, Stéphane Godbout. A critical review of emission standards and regulations regarding biomass combustion in small scale units (<3MW). Bioresource Technology. 2012; 111 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joey Villeneuve; Joahnn H­. Palacios; Philippe Savoie; Stéphane Godbout. 2012. "A critical review of emission standards and regulations regarding biomass combustion in small scale units (<3MW)." Bioresource Technology 111, no. : 1-11.